Sum.ML

minor cleanup, added 'axclass', 'instance', 'syntax', 'defs' sections;

(*  Title: 	HOL/Sum.ML
    ID:         $Id$
    Author: 	Lawrence C Paulson, Cambridge University Computer Laboratory
    Copyright   1991  University of Cambridge

For Sum.thy.  The disjoint sum of two types
*)

open Sum;

(** Inl_Rep and Inr_Rep: Representations of the constructors **)

(*This counts as a non-emptiness result for admitting 'a+'b as a type*)
goalw Sum.thy [Sum_def] "Inl_Rep(a) : Sum";
by (EVERY1 [rtac CollectI, rtac disjI1, rtac exI, rtac refl]);
val Inl_RepI = result();

goalw Sum.thy [Sum_def] "Inr_Rep(b) : Sum";
by (EVERY1 [rtac CollectI, rtac disjI2, rtac exI, rtac refl]);
val Inr_RepI = result();

goal Sum.thy "inj_onto(Abs_Sum,Sum)";
by (rtac inj_onto_inverseI 1);
by (etac Abs_Sum_inverse 1);
val inj_onto_Abs_Sum = result();

(** Distinctness of Inl and Inr **)

goalw Sum.thy [Inl_Rep_def, Inr_Rep_def] "Inl_Rep(a) ~= Inr_Rep(b)";
by (EVERY1 [rtac notI,
	    etac (fun_cong RS fun_cong RS fun_cong RS iffE), 
	    rtac (notE RS ccontr),  etac (mp RS conjunct2), 
	    REPEAT o (ares_tac [refl,conjI]) ]);
val Inl_Rep_not_Inr_Rep = result();

goalw Sum.thy [Inl_def,Inr_def] "Inl(a) ~= Inr(b)";
by (rtac (inj_onto_Abs_Sum RS inj_onto_contraD) 1);
by (rtac Inl_Rep_not_Inr_Rep 1);
by (rtac Inl_RepI 1);
by (rtac Inr_RepI 1);
val Inl_not_Inr = result();

val Inl_neq_Inr = standard (Inl_not_Inr RS notE);
val Inr_neq_Inl = sym RS Inl_neq_Inr;

goal Sum.thy "(Inl(a)=Inr(b)) = False";
by (simp_tac (HOL_ss addsimps [Inl_not_Inr]) 1);
val Inl_Inr_eq = result();

goal Sum.thy "(Inr(b)=Inl(a))  =  False";
by (simp_tac (HOL_ss addsimps [Inl_not_Inr RS not_sym]) 1);
val Inr_Inl_eq = result();


(** Injectiveness of Inl and Inr **)

val [major] = goalw Sum.thy [Inl_Rep_def] "Inl_Rep(a) = Inl_Rep(c) ==> a=c";
by (rtac (major RS fun_cong RS fun_cong RS fun_cong RS iffE) 1);
by (fast_tac HOL_cs 1);
val Inl_Rep_inject = result();

val [major] = goalw Sum.thy [Inr_Rep_def] "Inr_Rep(b) = Inr_Rep(d) ==> b=d";
by (rtac (major RS fun_cong RS fun_cong RS fun_cong RS iffE) 1);
by (fast_tac HOL_cs 1);
val Inr_Rep_inject = result();

goalw Sum.thy [Inl_def] "inj(Inl)";
by (rtac injI 1);
by (etac (inj_onto_Abs_Sum RS inj_ontoD RS Inl_Rep_inject) 1);
by (rtac Inl_RepI 1);
by (rtac Inl_RepI 1);
val inj_Inl = result();
val Inl_inject = inj_Inl RS injD;

goalw Sum.thy [Inr_def] "inj(Inr)";
by (rtac injI 1);
by (etac (inj_onto_Abs_Sum RS inj_ontoD RS Inr_Rep_inject) 1);
by (rtac Inr_RepI 1);
by (rtac Inr_RepI 1);
val inj_Inr = result();
val Inr_inject = inj_Inr RS injD;

goal Sum.thy "(Inl(x)=Inl(y)) = (x=y)";
by (fast_tac (HOL_cs addSEs [Inl_inject]) 1);
val Inl_eq = result();

goal Sum.thy "(Inr(x)=Inr(y)) = (x=y)";
by (fast_tac (HOL_cs addSEs [Inr_inject]) 1);
val Inr_eq = result();

(*** Rules for the disjoint sum of two SETS ***)

(** Introduction rules for the injections **)

goalw Sum.thy [sum_def] "!!a A B. a : A ==> Inl(a) : A plus B";
by (REPEAT (ares_tac [UnI1,imageI] 1));
val InlI = result();

goalw Sum.thy [sum_def] "!!b A B. b : B ==> Inr(b) : A plus B";
by (REPEAT (ares_tac [UnI2,imageI] 1));
val InrI = result();

(** Elimination rules **)

val major::prems = goalw Sum.thy [sum_def]
    "[| u: A plus B;  \
\       !!x. [| x:A;  u=Inl(x) |] ==> P; \
\       !!y. [| y:B;  u=Inr(y) |] ==> P \
\    |] ==> P";
by (rtac (major RS UnE) 1);
by (REPEAT (rtac refl 1
     ORELSE eresolve_tac (prems@[imageE,ssubst]) 1));
val plusE = result();


val sum_cs = set_cs addSIs [InlI, InrI] 
                    addSEs [plusE, Inl_neq_Inr, Inr_neq_Inl]
                    addSDs [Inl_inject, Inr_inject];


(** sum_case -- the selection operator for sums **)

goalw Sum.thy [sum_case_def] "sum_case(f, g, Inl(x)) = f(x)";
by (fast_tac (sum_cs addIs [select_equality]) 1);
val sum_case_Inl = result();

goalw Sum.thy [sum_case_def] "sum_case(f, g, Inr(x)) = g(x)";
by (fast_tac (sum_cs addIs [select_equality]) 1);
val sum_case_Inr = result();

(** Exhaustion rule for sums -- a degenerate form of induction **)

val prems = goalw Sum.thy [Inl_def,Inr_def]
    "[| !!x::'a. s = Inl(x) ==> P;  !!y::'b. s = Inr(y) ==> P \
\    |] ==> P";
by (rtac (rewrite_rule [Sum_def] Rep_Sum RS CollectE) 1);
by (REPEAT (eresolve_tac [disjE,exE] 1
     ORELSE EVERY1 [resolve_tac prems, 
		    etac subst,
		    rtac (Rep_Sum_inverse RS sym)]));
val sumE = result();

goal Sum.thy "sum_case(%x::'a. f(Inl(x)), %y::'b. f(Inr(y)), s) = f(s)";
by (EVERY1 [res_inst_tac [("s","s")] sumE, 
	    etac ssubst, rtac sum_case_Inl,
	    etac ssubst, rtac sum_case_Inr]);
val surjective_sum = result();

goal Sum.thy "R(sum_case(f,g,s)) = \
\             ((! x. s = Inl(x) --> R(f(x))) & (! y. s = Inr(y) --> R(g(y))))";
by (rtac sumE 1);
by (etac ssubst 1);
by (stac sum_case_Inl 1);
by (fast_tac (set_cs addSEs [make_elim Inl_inject, Inl_neq_Inr]) 1);
by (etac ssubst 1);
by (stac sum_case_Inr 1);
by (fast_tac (set_cs addSEs [make_elim Inr_inject, Inr_neq_Inl]) 1);
val expand_sum_case = result();

val sum_ss = prod_ss addsimps [Inl_eq, Inr_eq, Inl_Inr_eq, Inr_Inl_eq, 
			       sum_case_Inl, sum_case_Inr];

(*Prevents simplification of f and g: much faster*)
val sum_case_weak_cong = prove_goal Sum.thy
  "s=t ==> sum_case(f,g,s) = sum_case(f,g,t)"
  (fn [prem] => [rtac (prem RS arg_cong) 1]);




(** Rules for the Part primitive **)

goalw Sum.thy [Part_def]
    "!!a b A h. [| a : A;  a=h(b) |] ==> a : Part(A,h)";
by (fast_tac set_cs 1);
val Part_eqI = result();

val PartI = refl RSN (2,Part_eqI);

val major::prems = goalw Sum.thy [Part_def]
    "[| a : Part(A,h);  !!z. [| a : A;  a=h(z) |] ==> P  \
\    |] ==> P";
by (rtac (major RS IntE) 1);
by (etac CollectE 1);
by (etac exE 1);
by (REPEAT (ares_tac prems 1));
val PartE = result();

goalw Sum.thy [Part_def] "Part(A,h) <= A";
by (rtac Int_lower1 1);
val Part_subset = result();

goal Sum.thy "!!A B. A<=B ==> Part(A,h) <= Part(B,h)";
by (fast_tac (set_cs addSIs [PartI] addSEs [PartE]) 1);
val Part_mono = result();

goalw Sum.thy [Part_def] "!!a. a : Part(A,h) ==> a : A";
by (etac IntD1 1);
val PartD1 = result();

goal Sum.thy "Part(A,%x.x) = A";
by (fast_tac (set_cs addIs [PartI,equalityI] addSEs [PartE]) 1);
val Part_id = result();