Isabelle NEWS -- history of user-relevant changes

=================================================

(Note: Isabelle/jEdit shows a tree-view of the NEWS file in Sidekick.)

New in this Isabelle version

----------------------------

*** General ***

* Old-style {* verbatim *} tokens are explicitly marked as legacy

feature and will be removed soon. Use \<open>cartouche\<close> syntax instead, e.g.

via "isabelle update_cartouches -t" (available since Isabelle2015).

* The font family "Isabelle DejaVu" is systematically derived from the

existing "DejaVu" collection, with variants "Sans Mono", "Sans", "Serif"

and styles "Normal", "Bold", "Italic/Oblique", "Bold-Italic/Oblique".

The DejaVu base fonts are retricted to well-defined Unicode ranges and

augmented by special Isabelle symbols, taken from the former

"IsabelleText" font (which is no longer provided separately). The line

metrics and overall rendering quality is closer to original DejaVu.

INCOMPATIBILITY with display configuration expecting the old

"IsabelleText" font: use e.g. "Isabelle DejaVu Sans Mono" instead.

* The Isabelle fonts render "\<inverse>" properly as superscript "-1".

* Old-style inner comments (* ... *) within the term language are no

longer supported (legacy feature in Isabelle2018).

* Infix operators that begin or end with a "*" can now be paranthesized

without additional spaces, eg "(*)" instead of "( * )".

* Mixfix annotations may use cartouches instead of old-style double

quotes, e.g. (infixl \<open>+\<close> 60). The command-line tool "isabelle update -u

mixfix_cartouches" allows to update existing theory sources

automatically.

* ML setup commands (e.g. 'setup', 'method_setup', 'parse_translation')

need to provide a closed expression -- without trailing semicolon. Minor

INCOMPATIBILITY.

* Command keywords of kind thy_decl / thy_goal may be more specifically

fit into the traditional document model of "definition-statement-proof"

via thy_defn / thy_stmt / thy_goal_defn / thy_goal_stmt.

*** Isabelle/jEdit Prover IDE ***

* The jEdit File Browser is more prominent in the default GUI layout of

Isabelle/jEdit: various virtual file-systems provide access to Isabelle

resources, notably via "favorites:" (or "Edit Favorites").

* Action "isabelle-export-browser" points the File Browser to the theory

exports of the current buffer, based on the "isabelle-export:" virtual

file-system. The directory view needs to be reloaded manually to follow

ongoing document processing.

* Action "isabelle-session-browser" points the File Browser to session

information, based on the "isabelle-session:" virtual file-system. Its

entries are structured according to chapter / session names, the open

operation is redirected to the session ROOT file.

* System option "jedit_text_overview" allows to disable the text

overview column.

* Fonts for the text area, gutter, GUI elements etc. use the "Isabelle

DejaVu" collection by default, which provides uniform rendering quality

with the usual Isabelle symbols. Line spacing no longer needs to be

adjusted: properties for the old IsabelleText font had "Global Options /

Text Area / Extra vertical line spacing (in pixels): -2", now it

defaults to 0.

* Improved sub-pixel font rendering (especially on Linux), thanks to

OpenJDK 11.

* Support for user-defined file-formats via class isabelle.File_Format

in Isabelle/Scala (e.g. see isabelle.Bibtex.File_Format), configured via

the shell function "isabelle_file_format" in etc/settings (e.g. of an

Isabelle component).

* Command-line options "-s" and "-u" of "isabelle jedit" override the

default for system option "system_heaps" that determines the heap

storage directory for "isabelle build". Option "-n" is now clearly

separated from option "-s".

*** Isar ***

* More robust treatment of structural errors: begin/end blocks take

precedence over goal/proof.

* Implicit cases goal1, goal2, goal3, etc. have been discontinued

(legacy feature since Isabelle2016).

*** HOL ***

* Formal Laurent series and overhaul of Formal power series 

in session HOL-Computational_Algebra.

* Exponentiation by squaring in session HOL-Library; used for computing

powers in class monoid_mult and modular exponentiation in session

HOL-Number_Theory.

* More material on residue rings in session HOL-Number_Theory:

Carmichael's function, primitive roots, more properties for "ord".

* The functions \<Union>, \<Inter>, \<Squnion>, \<Sqinter>

(not the corresponding binding operators) now have the same precedence

as any other prefix function symbol.  Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.

* Slightly more conventional naming schema in structure Inductive.

Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.

* Various _global variants of specification tools have been removed.

Minor INCOMPATIBILITY, prefer combinators Named_Target.theory_map[_result]

to lift specifications to the global theory level.

* Code generation: command 'export_code' without file keyword exports

code as regular theory export, which can be materialized using the

command-line tools "isabelle export" or "isabelle build -e" (with

'export_files' in the session ROOT), or browsed in Isabelle/jEdit via

the "isabelle-export:" file-system. To get generated code dumped into

output, use "file \<open>\<close>". Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.

* Code generation for OCaml: proper strings are used for literals.

Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.

* Code generation for OCaml: Zarith supersedes Nums as library for

proper integer arithmetic. The library is located via standard

invocations of "ocamlfind" (via ISABELLE_OCAMLFIND settings variable).

The environment provided by "isabelle ocaml_setup" already contains this

tool and the required packages. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.

* Code generation for Haskell: code includes for Haskell must contain

proper module frame, nothing is added magically any longer.

INCOMPATIBILITY.

* Code generation: slightly more conventional syntax for

'code_stmts' antiquotation.  Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.

* The simplifier uses image_cong_simp as a congruence rule. The historic

and not really well-formed congruence rules INF_cong*, SUP_cong*,

are not used by default any longer.  INCOMPATIBILITY; consider using

declare image_cong_simp [cong del] in extreme situations.

* INF_image and SUP_image are no default simp rules any longer.

INCOMPATIBILITY, prefer image_comp as simp rule if needed.

* Simplified syntax setup for big operators under image. In rare

situations, type conversions are not inserted implicitly any longer

and need to be given explicitly. Auxiliary abbreviations INFIMUM,

SUPREMUM, UNION, INTER should now rarely occur in output and are just

retained as migration auxiliary. INCOMPATIBILITY.

* Theory List: the precedence of the list_update operator has changed:

"f a [n := x]" now needs to be written "(f a)[n := x]".

* Theory "HOL-Library.Multiset": the <Union># operator now has the same

precedence as any other prefix function symbol.

* Retired lemma card_Union_image; use the simpler card_UN_disjoint instead.

* Facts sum_mset.commute and prod_mset.commute renamed to sum_mset.swap

and prod_mset.swap, similarly to sum.swap and prod.swap.

INCOMPATIBILITY.

* Strong congruence rules (with =simp=> in the premises) for constant f

are now uniformly called f_cong_simp, in accordance with congruence

rules produced for mappers by the datatype package. INCOMPATIBILITY.

* Sledgehammer:

  - The URL for SystemOnTPTP, which is used by remote provers, has

    been updated.

  - The machine-learning-based filter MaSh has been optimized to take

    less time (in most cases).

* SMT: reconstruction is now possible using the SMT solver veriT.

* HOL-Library.Simps_Case_Conv: case_of_simps now supports overlapping 

and non-exhaustive patterns and handles arbitrarily nested patterns.

It uses on the same algorithm as HOL-Library.Code_Lazy, which assumes

sequential left-to-right pattern matching. The generated

equation no longer tuples the arguments on the right-hand side.

INCOMPATIBILITY.

* Session HOL-SPARK: .prv files are no longer written to the

file-system, but exported to the session database. Results may be

retrieved with the "isabelle export" command-line tool like this:

  isabelle export -x "*:**.prv" HOL-SPARK-Examples

*** ML ***

* Local_Theory.reset is no longer available in user space. Regular

definitional packages should use balanced blocks of

Local_Theory.open_target versus Local_Theory.close_target instead,

or the Local_Theory.subtarget(_result) combinator. Rare INCOMPATIBILITY.

* Original PolyML.pointerEq is retained as a convenience for tools that

don't use Isabelle/ML (where this is called "pointer_eq").

* ML evaluation (notably via commands 'ML' and 'ML_file') is subject to

option ML_environment to select a named environment, such as "Isabelle"

for Isabelle/ML, or "SML" for official Standard ML. It is also possible

to move toplevel bindings between environments, using a notation with

">" as separator. For example:

  declare [[ML_environment = "Isabelle>SML"]]

  ML \<open>val println = writeln\<close>

  declare [[ML_environment = "SML"]]

  ML \<open>println "test"\<close>

  declare [[ML_environment = "Isabelle"]]

  ML \<open>println\<close>  \<comment> \<open>not present\<close>

The Isabelle/ML function ML_Env.setup defines new ML environments. This

is useful to incorporate big SML projects in an isolated name space, and

potentially with variations on ML syntax (existing ML_Env.SML_operations

observes the official standard).

* ML antiquotation @{master_dir} refers to the master directory of the

underlying theory, i.e. the directory of the theory file.

* ML antiquotation @{verbatim} inlines its argument as string literal,

preserving newlines literally. The short form \<^verbatim>\<open>abc\<close> is particularly

useful.

* Command 'generate_file' allows to produce sources for other languages,

with antiquotations in the Isabelle context (only the control-cartouche

form). The default "cartouche" antiquotation evaluates an ML expression

of type string and inlines the result as a string literal of the target

language. For example, this works for Haskell as follows:

  generate_file "Pure.hs" = \<open>

  module Isabelle.Pure where

    allConst, impConst, eqConst :: String

    allConst = \<open>\<^const_name>\<open>Pure.all\<close>\<close>

    impConst = \<open>\<^const_name>\<open>Pure.imp\<close>\<close>

    eqConst = \<open>\<^const_name>\<open>Pure.eq\<close>\<close>

  \<close>

The ML function Generate_File.generate writes all generated files from a

given theory to the file-system, e.g. a temporary directory where some

external compiler is applied.

*** System ***

* The system option "system_heaps" determines where to store the session

image of "isabelle build" (and other tools using that internally).

Former option "-s" is superseded by option "-o system_heaps".

INCOMPATIBILITY in command-line syntax.

* The command-line tool "isabelle update" uses Isabelle/PIDE in

batch-mode to update theory sources based on semantic markup produced in

Isabelle/ML. Actual updates depend on system options that may be enabled

via "-u OPT" (for "update_OPT"), see also $ISABELLE_HOME/etc/options

section "Theory update". Theory sessions are specified as in "isabelle

dump".

* The command-line tool "isabelle update -u control_cartouches" changes

antiquotations into control-symbol format (where possible): @{NAME}

becomes \<^NAME> and @{NAME ARG} becomes \<^NAME>\<open>ARG\<close>.

* Support for Isabelle command-line tools defined in Isabelle/Scala.

Instances of class Isabelle_Scala_Tools may be configured via the shell

function "isabelle_scala_tools" in etc/settings (e.g. of an Isabelle

component).

* Session directory $ISABELLE_HOME/src/Tools/Haskell provides some

source modules for Isabelle tools implemented in Haskell, notably for

Isabelle/PIDE.

* Isabelle server command "use_theories" supports "nodes_status_delay"

for continuous output of node status information. The time interval is

specified in seconds; a negative value means it is disabled (default).

* Isabelle Server command "use_theories" terminates more robustly in the

presence of structurally broken sources: full consolidation of theories

is no longer required.

* OCaml tools and libraries are now accesed via ISABELLE_OCAMLFIND,

which needs to point to a suitable version of "ocamlfind" (e.g. via

OPAM, see below). INCOMPATIBILITY: settings variables ISABELLE_OCAML and

ISABELLE_OCAMLC are no longer supported.

* Support for managed installations of Glasgow Haskell Compiler and

OCaml via the following command-line tools:

  isabelle ghc_setup

  isabelle ghc_stack

  isabelle ocaml_setup

  isabelle ocaml_opam

The global installation state is determined by the following settings

(and corresponding directory contents):

  ISABELLE_STACK_ROOT

  ISABELLE_STACK_RESOLVER

  ISABELLE_GHC_VERSION

  ISABELLE_OPAM_ROOT

  ISABELLE_OCAML_VERSION

After setup, the following Isabelle settings are automatically

redirected (overriding existing user settings):

  ISABELLE_GHC

  ISABELLE_OCAMLFIND

The old meaning of these settings as locally installed executables may

be recovered by purging the directories ISABELLE_STACK_ROOT /

ISABELLE_OPAM_ROOT, or by resetting these variables in

$ISABELLE_HOME_USER/etc/settings.

* Update to Java 11: the latest long-term support version of OpenJDK.

* System option "checkpoint" has been discontinued: obsolete thanks to

improved memory management in Poly/ML.

* Update to Poly/ML 5.8 allows to use the native x86_64 platform without

the full overhead of 64-bit values everywhere. This special x86_64_32

mode provides up to 16GB ML heap, while program code and stacks are

allocated elsewhere. Thus approx. 5 times more memory is available for

applications compared to old x86 mode (which is no longer used by

Isabelle). The switch to the x86_64 CPU architecture also avoids

compatibility problems with Linux and macOS, where 32-bit applications

are gradually phased out.

New in Isabelle2018 (August 2018)

---------------------------------

*** General ***

* Session-qualified theory names are mandatory: it is no longer possible

to refer to unqualified theories from the parent session.

INCOMPATIBILITY for old developments that have not been updated to

Isabelle2017 yet (using the "isabelle imports" tool).

* Only the most fundamental theory names are global, usually the entry

points to major logic sessions: Pure, Main, Complex_Main, HOLCF, IFOL,

FOL, ZF, ZFC etc. INCOMPATIBILITY, need to use qualified names for

formerly global "HOL-Probability.Probability" and "HOL-SPARK.SPARK".

* Global facts need to be closed: no free variables and no hypotheses.

Rare INCOMPATIBILITY.

* Facts stemming from locale interpretation are subject to lazy

evaluation for improved performance. Rare INCOMPATIBILITY: errors

stemming from interpretation morphisms might be deferred and thus

difficult to locate; enable system option "strict_facts" temporarily to

avoid this.

* Marginal comments need to be written exclusively in the new-style form

"\<comment> \<open>text\<close>", old ASCII variants like "-- {* ... *}" are no longer

supported. INCOMPATIBILITY, use the command-line tool "isabelle

update_comments" to update existing theory files.

* Old-style inner comments (* ... *) within the term language are legacy

and will be discontinued soon: use formal comments "\<comment> \<open>...\<close>" or "\<^cancel>\<open>...\<close>"

instead.

* The "op <infix-op>" syntax for infix operators has been replaced by

"(<infix-op>)". If <infix-op> begins or ends with a "*", there needs to

be a space between the "*" and the corresponding parenthesis.

INCOMPATIBILITY, use the command-line tool "isabelle update_op" to

convert theory and ML files to the new syntax. Because it is based on

regular expression matching, the result may need a bit of manual

postprocessing. Invoking "isabelle update_op" converts all files in the

current directory (recursively). In case you want to exclude conversion

of ML files (because the tool frequently also converts ML's "op"

syntax), use option "-m".

* Theory header 'abbrevs' specifications need to be separated by 'and'.

INCOMPATIBILITY.

* Command 'external_file' declares the formal dependency on the given

file name, such that the Isabelle build process knows about it, but

without specific Prover IDE management.

* Session ROOT entries no longer allow specification of 'files'. Rare

INCOMPATIBILITY, use command 'external_file' within a proper theory

context.

* Session root directories may be specified multiple times: each

accessible ROOT file is processed only once. This facilitates

specification of $ISABELLE_HOME_USER/ROOTS or command-line options like

-d or -D for "isabelle build" and "isabelle jedit". Example:

  isabelle build -D '~~/src/ZF'

* The command 'display_drafts' has been discontinued. INCOMPATIBILITY,

use action "isabelle.draft" (or "print") in Isabelle/jEdit instead.

* In HTML output, the Isabelle symbol "\<hyphen>" is rendered as explicit

Unicode hyphen U+2010, to avoid unclear meaning of the old "soft hyphen"

U+00AD. Rare INCOMPATIBILITY, e.g. copy-paste of historic Isabelle HTML

output.

*** Isabelle/jEdit Prover IDE ***

* The command-line tool "isabelle jedit" provides more flexible options

for session management:

  - option -R builds an auxiliary logic image with all theories from

    other sessions that are not already present in its parent

  - option -S is like -R, with a focus on the selected session and its

    descendants (this reduces startup time for big projects like AFP)

  - option -A specifies an alternative ancestor session for options -R

    and -S

  - option -i includes additional sessions into the name-space of

    theories

  Examples:

    isabelle jedit -R HOL-Number_Theory

    isabelle jedit -R HOL-Number_Theory -A HOL

    isabelle jedit -d '$AFP' -S Formal_SSA -A HOL

    isabelle jedit -d '$AFP' -S Formal_SSA -A HOL-Analysis

    isabelle jedit -d '$AFP' -S Formal_SSA -A HOL-Analysis -i CryptHOL

* PIDE markup for session ROOT files: allows to complete session names,

follow links to theories and document files etc.

* Completion supports theory header imports, using theory base name.

E.g. "Prob" may be completed to "HOL-Probability.Probability".

* Named control symbols (without special Unicode rendering) are shown as

bold-italic keyword. This is particularly useful for the short form of

antiquotations with control symbol: \<^name>\<open>argument\<close>. The action

"isabelle.antiquoted_cartouche" turns an antiquotation with 0 or 1

arguments into this format.

* Completion provides templates for named symbols with arguments,

e.g. "\<comment> \<open>ARGUMENT\<close>" or "\<^emph>\<open>ARGUMENT\<close>".

* Slightly more parallel checking, notably for high priority print

functions (e.g. State output).

* The view title is set dynamically, according to the Isabelle

distribution and the logic session name. The user can override this via

set-view-title (stored persistently in $JEDIT_SETTINGS/perspective.xml).

* System options "spell_checker_include" and "spell_checker_exclude"

supersede former "spell_checker_elements" to determine regions of text

that are subject to spell-checking. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.

* Action "isabelle.preview" is able to present more file formats,

notably bibtex database files and ML files.

* Action "isabelle.draft" is similar to "isabelle.preview", but shows a

plain-text document draft. Both are available via the menu "Plugins /

Isabelle".

* When loading text files, the Isabelle symbols encoding UTF-8-Isabelle

is only used if there is no conflict with existing Unicode sequences in

the file. Otherwise, the fallback encoding is plain UTF-8 and Isabelle

symbols remain in literal \<symbol> form. This avoids accidental loss of

Unicode content when saving the file.

* Bibtex database files (.bib) are semantically checked.

* Update to jedit-5.5.0, the latest release.

*** Isabelle/VSCode Prover IDE ***

* HTML preview of theories and other file-formats similar to

Isabelle/jEdit.

* Command-line tool "isabelle vscode_server" accepts the same options

-A, -R, -S, -i for session selection as "isabelle jedit". This is

relevant for isabelle.args configuration settings in VSCode. The former

option -A (explore all known session files) has been discontinued: it is

enabled by default, unless option -S is used to focus on a particular

spot in the session structure. INCOMPATIBILITY.

*** Document preparation ***

* Formal comments work uniformly in outer syntax, inner syntax (term

language), Isabelle/ML and some other embedded languages of Isabelle.

See also "Document comments" in the isar-ref manual. The following forms

are supported:

  - marginal text comment: \<comment> \<open>\<dots>\<close>

  - canceled source: \<^cancel>\<open>\<dots>\<close>

  - raw LaTeX: \<^latex>\<open>\<dots>\<close>

* Outside of the inner theory body, the default presentation context is

theory Pure. Thus elementary antiquotations may be used in markup

commands (e.g. 'chapter', 'section', 'text') and formal comments.

* System option "document_tags" specifies alternative command tags. This

is occasionally useful to control the global visibility of commands via

session options (e.g. in ROOT).

* Document markup commands ('section', 'text' etc.) are implicitly

tagged as "document" and visible by default. This avoids the application

of option "document_tags" to these commands.

* Isabelle names are mangled into LaTeX macro names to allow the full

identifier syntax with underscore, prime, digits. This is relevant for

antiquotations in control symbol notation, e.g. \<^const_name> becomes

\isactrlconstUNDERSCOREname.

* Document preparation with skip_proofs option now preserves the content

more accurately: only terminal proof steps ('by' etc.) are skipped.

* Document antiquotation @{theory name} requires the long

session-qualified theory name: this is what users reading the text

normally need to import.

* Document antiquotation @{session name} checks and prints the given

session name verbatim.

* Document antiquotation @{cite} now checks the given Bibtex entries

against the Bibtex database files -- only in batch-mode session builds.

* Command-line tool "isabelle document" has been re-implemented in

Isabelle/Scala, with simplified arguments and explicit errors from the

latex and bibtex process. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.

* Session ROOT entry: empty 'document_files' means there is no document

for this session. There is no need to specify options [document = false]

anymore.

*** Isar ***

* Command 'interpret' no longer exposes resulting theorems as literal

facts, notably for the \<open>prop\<close> notation or the "fact" proof method. This

improves modularity of proofs and scalability of locale interpretation.

Rare INCOMPATIBILITY, need to refer to explicitly named facts instead

(e.g. use 'find_theorems' or 'try' to figure this out).

* The old 'def' command has been discontinued (legacy since

Isbelle2016-1). INCOMPATIBILITY, use 'define' instead -- usually with

object-logic equality or equivalence.

*** Pure ***

* The inner syntax category "sort" now includes notation "_" for the

dummy sort: it is effectively ignored in type-inference.

* Rewrites clauses (keyword 'rewrites') were moved into the locale

expression syntax, where they are part of locale instances. In

interpretation commands rewrites clauses now need to occur before 'for'

and 'defines'. Rare INCOMPATIBILITY; definitions immediately subject to

rewriting may need to be pulled up into the surrounding theory.

* For 'rewrites' clauses, if activating a locale instance fails, fall

back to reading the clause first. This helps avoid qualification of

locale instances where the qualifier's sole purpose is avoiding

duplicate constant declarations.

* Proof method "simp" now supports a new modifier "flip:" followed by a

list of theorems. Each of these theorems is removed from the simpset

(without warning if it is not there) and the symmetric version of the

theorem (i.e. lhs and rhs exchanged) is added to the simpset. For "auto"

and friends the modifier is "simp flip:".

*** HOL ***

* Sledgehammer: bundled version of "vampire" (for non-commercial users)

helps to avoid fragility of "remote_vampire" service.

* Clarified relationship of characters, strings and code generation:

  - Type "char" is now a proper datatype of 8-bit values.

  - Conversions "nat_of_char" and "char_of_nat" are gone; use more

    general conversions "of_char" and "char_of" with suitable type

    constraints instead.

  - The zero character is just written "CHR 0x00", not "0" any longer.

  - Type "String.literal" (for code generation) is now isomorphic to

    lists of 7-bit (ASCII) values; concrete values can be written as

    "STR ''...''" for sequences of printable characters and "STR 0x..."

    for one single ASCII code point given as hexadecimal numeral.

  - Type "String.literal" supports concatenation "... + ..." for all

    standard target languages.

  - Theory HOL-Library.Code_Char is gone; study the explanations

    concerning "String.literal" in the tutorial on code generation to

    get an idea how target-language string literals can be converted to

    HOL string values and vice versa.

  - Session Imperative-HOL: operation "raise" directly takes a value of

    type "String.literal" as argument, not type "string".

INCOMPATIBILITY.

* Code generation: Code generation takes an explicit option

"case_insensitive" to accomodate case-insensitive file systems.

* Abstract bit operations as part of Main: push_bit, take_bit, drop_bit.

* New, more general, axiomatization of complete_distrib_lattice. The

former axioms:

  "sup x (Inf X) = Inf (sup x ` X)" and "inf x (Sup X) = Sup (inf x ` X)"

are replaced by:

  "Inf (Sup ` A) <= Sup (Inf ` {f ` A | f . (! Y \<in> A . f Y \<in> Y)})"

The instantiations of sets and functions as complete_distrib_lattice are

moved to Hilbert_Choice.thy because their proofs need the Hilbert choice

operator. The dual of this property is also proved in theory

HOL.Hilbert_Choice.

* New syntax for the minimum/maximum of a function over a finite set:

MIN x\<in>A. B and even MIN x. B (only useful for finite types), also MAX.

* Clarifed theorem names:

  Min.antimono ~> Min.subset_imp

  Max.antimono ~> Max.subset_imp

Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.

* SMT module:

  - The 'smt_oracle' option is now necessary when using the 'smt' method

    with a solver other than Z3. INCOMPATIBILITY.

  - The encoding to first-order logic is now more complete in the

    presence of higher-order quantifiers. An 'smt_explicit_application'

    option has been added to control this. INCOMPATIBILITY.

* Facts sum.commute(_restrict) and prod.commute(_restrict) renamed to

sum.swap(_restrict) and prod.swap(_restrict), to avoid name clashes on

interpretation of abstract locales. INCOMPATIBILITY.

* Predicate coprime is now a real definition, not a mere abbreviation.

INCOMPATIBILITY.

* Predicate pairwise_coprime abolished, use "pairwise coprime" instead.

INCOMPATIBILITY.

* The relator rel_filter on filters has been strengthened to its

canonical categorical definition with better properties.

INCOMPATIBILITY.

* Generalized linear algebra involving linear, span, dependent, dim

from type class real_vector to locales module and vector_space.

Renamed:

  span_inc ~> span_superset

  span_superset ~> span_base

  span_eq ~> span_eq_iff

INCOMPATIBILITY.

* Class linordered_semiring_1 covers zero_less_one also, ruling out

pathologic instances. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.

* Theory HOL.List: functions "sorted_wrt" and "sorted" now compare every

element in a list to all following elements, not just the next one.

* Theory HOL.List syntax:

  - filter-syntax "[x <- xs. P]" is no longer output syntax, but only

    input syntax

  - list comprehension syntax now supports tuple patterns in "pat <- xs"

* Theory Map: "empty" must now be qualified as "Map.empty".

* Removed nat-int transfer machinery. Rare INCOMPATIBILITY.

* Fact mod_mult_self4 (on nat) renamed to Suc_mod_mult_self3, to avoid

clash with fact mod_mult_self4 (on more generic semirings).

INCOMPATIBILITY.

* Eliminated some theorem aliasses:

  even_times_iff ~> even_mult_iff

  mod_2_not_eq_zero_eq_one_nat ~> not_mod_2_eq_0_eq_1

  even_of_nat ~> even_int_iff

INCOMPATIBILITY.

* Eliminated some theorem duplicate variations:

  - dvd_eq_mod_eq_0_numeral can be replaced by dvd_eq_mod_eq_0

  - mod_Suc_eq_Suc_mod can be replaced by mod_Suc

  - mod_Suc_eq_Suc_mod [symmetrict] can be replaced by mod_simps

  - mod_eq_0_iff can be replaced by mod_eq_0_iff_dvd and dvd_def

  - the witness of mod_eqD can be given directly as "_ div _"

INCOMPATIBILITY.

* Classical setup: Assumption "m mod d = 0" (for m d :: nat) is no

longer aggresively destroyed to "\<exists>q. m = d * q". INCOMPATIBILITY, adding

"elim!: dvd" to classical proof methods in most situations restores

broken proofs.

* Theory HOL-Library.Conditional_Parametricity provides command

'parametric_constant' for proving parametricity of non-recursive

definitions. For constants that are not fully parametric the command

will infer conditions on relations (e.g., bi_unique, bi_total, or type

class conditions such as "respects 0") sufficient for parametricity. See

theory HOL-ex.Conditional_Parametricity_Examples for some examples.

* Theory HOL-Library.Code_Lazy provides a new preprocessor for the code

generator to generate code for algebraic types with lazy evaluation

semantics even in call-by-value target languages. See the theories

HOL-ex.Code_Lazy_Demo and HOL-Codegenerator_Test.Code_Lazy_Test for some

examples.

* Theory HOL-Library.Landau_Symbols has been moved here from AFP.

* Theory HOL-Library.Old_Datatype no longer provides the legacy command

'old_datatype'. INCOMPATIBILITY.

* Theory HOL-Computational_Algebra.Polynomial_Factorial does not provide

instances of rat, real, complex as factorial rings etc. Import

HOL-Computational_Algebra.Field_as_Ring explicitly in case of need.

INCOMPATIBILITY.

* Session HOL-Algebra: renamed (^) to [^] to avoid conflict with new

infix/prefix notation.

* Session HOL-Algebra: revamped with much new material. The set of

isomorphisms between two groups is now denoted iso rather than iso_set.

INCOMPATIBILITY.

* Session HOL-Analysis: the Arg function now respects the same interval

as Ln, namely (-pi,pi]; the old Arg function has been renamed Arg2pi.

INCOMPATIBILITY.

* Session HOL-Analysis: the functions zorder, zer_poly, porder and

pol_poly have been redefined. All related lemmas have been reworked.

INCOMPATIBILITY.

* Session HOL-Analysis: infinite products, Moebius functions, the

Riemann mapping theorem, the Vitali covering theorem,

change-of-variables results for integration and measures.

* Session HOL-Real_Asymp: proof method "real_asymp" proves asymptotics

or real-valued functions (limits, "Big-O", etc.) automatically.

See also ~~/src/HOL/Real_Asymp/Manual for some documentation.

* Session HOL-Types_To_Sets: more tool support (unoverload_type combines

internalize_sorts and unoverload) and larger experimental application

(type based linear algebra transferred to linear algebra on subspaces).

*** ML ***

* Operation Export.export emits theory exports (arbitrary blobs), which

are stored persistently in the session build database. Command-line

tools "isabelle export" and "isabelle build -e" allow to materialize

exports in the physical file-system.

* Command 'ML_export' exports ML toplevel bindings to the global

bootstrap environment of the ML process. This allows ML evaluation

without a formal theory context, e.g. in command-line tools like

"isabelle process".

*** System ***

* Mac OS X 10.10 Yosemite is now the baseline version; Mavericks is no

longer supported.

* Linux and Windows/Cygwin is for x86_64 only, old 32bit platform

support has been discontinued.

* Java runtime is for x86_64 only. Corresponding Isabelle settings have

been renamed to ISABELLE_TOOL_JAVA_OPTIONS and JEDIT_JAVA_OPTIONS,

instead of former 32/64 variants. INCOMPATIBILITY.

* Old settings ISABELLE_PLATFORM and ISABELLE_WINDOWS_PLATFORM should be

phased out due to unclear preference of 32bit vs. 64bit architecture.

Explicit GNU bash expressions are now preferred, for example (with

quotes):

  #Posix executables (Unix or Cygwin), with preference for 64bit

  "${ISABELLE_PLATFORM64:-$ISABELLE_PLATFORM32}"

  #native Windows or Unix executables, with preference for 64bit

  "${ISABELLE_WINDOWS_PLATFORM64:-${ISABELLE_WINDOWS_PLATFORM32:-${ISABELLE_PLATFORM64:-$ISABELLE_PLATFORM32}}}"

  #native Windows (32bit) or Unix executables (preference for 64bit)

  "${ISABELLE_WINDOWS_PLATFORM32:-${ISABELLE_PLATFORM64:-$ISABELLE_PLATFORM32}}"

* Command-line tool "isabelle build" supports new options:

  - option -B NAME: include session NAME and all descendants

  - option -S: only observe changes of sources, not heap images

  - option -f: forces a fresh build

* Command-line tool "isabelle build" options -c -x -B refer to

descendants wrt. the session parent or import graph. Subtle

INCOMPATIBILITY: options -c -x used to refer to the session parent graph

only.

* Command-line tool "isabelle build" takes "condition" options with the

corresponding environment values into account, when determining the

up-to-date status of a session.

* The command-line tool "dump" dumps information from the cumulative

PIDE session database: many sessions may be loaded into a given logic

image, results from all loaded theories are written to the output

directory.

* Command-line tool "isabelle imports -I" also reports actual session

imports. This helps to minimize the session dependency graph.

* The command-line tool "export" and "isabelle build -e" (with

'export_files' in session ROOT entries) retrieve theory exports from the

session build database.

* The command-line tools "isabelle server" and "isabelle client" provide

access to the Isabelle Server: it supports responsive session management

and concurrent use of theories, based on Isabelle/PIDE infrastructure.

See also the "system" manual.

* The command-line tool "isabelle update_comments" normalizes formal

comments in outer syntax as follows: \<comment> \<open>text\<close> (whith a single space to

approximate the appearance in document output). This is more specific

than former "isabelle update_cartouches -c": the latter tool option has

been discontinued.

* The command-line tool "isabelle mkroot" now always produces a document

outline: its options have been adapted accordingly. INCOMPATIBILITY.

* The command-line tool "isabelle mkroot -I" initializes a Mercurial

repository for the generated session files.

* Settings ISABELLE_HEAPS + ISABELLE_BROWSER_INFO (or

ISABELLE_HEAPS_SYSTEM + ISABELLE_BROWSER_INFO_SYSTEM in "system build

mode") determine the directory locations of the main build artefacts --

instead of hard-wired directories in ISABELLE_HOME_USER (or

ISABELLE_HOME).

* Settings ISABELLE_PATH and ISABELLE_OUTPUT have been discontinued:

heap images and session databases are always stored in

$ISABELLE_HEAPS/$ML_IDENTIFIER (command-line default) or

$ISABELLE_HEAPS_SYSTEM/$ML_IDENTIFIER (main Isabelle application or

"isabelle jedit -s" or "isabelle build -s").

* ISABELLE_LATEX and ISABELLE_PDFLATEX now include platform-specific

options for improved error reporting. Potential INCOMPATIBILITY with

unusual LaTeX installations, may have to adapt these settings.

* Update to Poly/ML 5.7.1 with slightly improved performance and PIDE

markup for identifier bindings. It now uses The GNU Multiple Precision

Arithmetic Library (libgmp) on all platforms, notably Mac OS X with

32/64 bit.

New in Isabelle2017 (October 2017)

----------------------------------

*** General ***

* Experimental support for Visual Studio Code (VSCode) as alternative

Isabelle/PIDE front-end, see also

https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=makarius.Isabelle2017

VSCode is a new type of application that continues the concepts of

"programmer's editor" and "integrated development environment" towards

fully semantic editing and debugging -- in a relatively light-weight

manner. Thus it fits nicely on top of the Isabelle/PIDE infrastructure.

Technically, VSCode is based on the Electron application framework

(Node.js + Chromium browser + V8), which is implemented in JavaScript

and TypeScript, while Isabelle/VSCode mainly consists of Isabelle/Scala

modules around a Language Server implementation.

* Theory names are qualified by the session name that they belong to.

This affects imports, but not the theory name space prefix (which is

just the theory base name as before).

In order to import theories from other sessions, the ROOT file format

provides a new 'sessions' keyword. In contrast, a theory that is

imported in the old-fashioned manner via an explicit file-system path

belongs to the current session, and might cause theory name conflicts

later on. Theories that are imported from other sessions are excluded

from the current session document. The command-line tool "isabelle

imports" helps to update theory imports.

* The main theory entry points for some non-HOL sessions have changed,

to avoid confusion with the global name "Main" of the session HOL. This

leads to the follow renamings:

  CTT/Main.thy    ~>  CTT/CTT.thy

  ZF/Main.thy     ~>  ZF/ZF.thy

  ZF/Main_ZF.thy  ~>  ZF/ZF.thy

  ZF/Main_ZFC.thy ~>  ZF/ZFC.thy

  ZF/ZF.thy       ~>  ZF/ZF_Base.thy

INCOMPATIBILITY.

* Commands 'alias' and 'type_alias' introduce aliases for constants and

type constructors, respectively. This allows adhoc changes to name-space

accesses within global or local theory contexts, e.g. within a 'bundle'.

* Document antiquotations @{prf} and @{full_prf} output proof terms

(again) in the same way as commands 'prf' and 'full_prf'.

* Computations generated by the code generator can be embedded directly

into ML, alongside with @{code} antiquotations, using the following

antiquotations:

  @{computation ... terms: ... datatypes: ...} :

    ((term -> term) -> 'ml option -> 'a) -> Proof.context -> term -> 'a

  @{computation_conv ... terms: ... datatypes: ...} :

    (Proof.context -> 'ml -> conv) -> Proof.context -> conv

  @{computation_check terms: ... datatypes: ...} : Proof.context -> conv

See src/HOL/ex/Computations.thy,

src/HOL/Decision_Procs/Commutative_Ring.thy and

src/HOL/Decision_Procs/Reflective_Field.thy for examples and the

tutorial on code generation.

*** Prover IDE -- Isabelle/Scala/jEdit ***

* Session-qualified theory imports allow the Prover IDE to process

arbitrary theory hierarchies independently of the underlying logic

session image (e.g. option "isabelle jedit -l"), but the directory

structure needs to be known in advance (e.g. option "isabelle jedit -d"

or a line in the file $ISABELLE_HOME_USER/ROOTS).

* The PIDE document model maintains file content independently of the

status of jEdit editor buffers. Reloading jEdit buffers no longer causes

changes of formal document content. Theory dependencies are always

resolved internally, without the need for corresponding editor buffers.

The system option "jedit_auto_load" has been discontinued: it is

effectively always enabled.

* The Theories dockable provides a "Purge" button, in order to restrict

the document model to theories that are required for open editor

buffers.

* The Theories dockable indicates the overall status of checking of each

entry. When all forked tasks of a theory are finished, the border is

painted with thick lines; remaining errors in this situation are

represented by a different border color.

* Automatic indentation is more careful to avoid redundant spaces in

intermediate situations. Keywords are indented after input (via typed

characters or completion); see also option "jedit_indent_input".

* Action "isabelle.preview" opens an HTML preview of the current theory

document in the default web browser.

* Command-line invocation "isabelle jedit -R -l LOGIC" opens the ROOT

entry of the specified logic session in the editor, while its parent is

used for formal checking.

* The main Isabelle/jEdit plugin may be restarted manually (using the

jEdit Plugin Manager), as long as the "Isabelle Base" plugin remains

enabled at all times.

* Update to current jedit-5.4.0.

*** Pure ***

* Deleting the last code equations for a particular function using

[code del] results in function with no equations (runtime abort) rather

than an unimplemented function (generation time abort). Use explicit

[[code drop:]] to enforce the latter. Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.

* Proper concept of code declarations in code.ML:

  - Regular code declarations act only on the global theory level, being

    ignored with warnings if syntactically malformed.

  - Explicitly global code declarations yield errors if syntactically

    malformed.

  - Default code declarations are silently ignored if syntactically

    malformed.

Minor INCOMPATIBILITY.

* Clarified and standardized internal data bookkeeping of code

declarations: history of serials allows to track potentially