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theory JEdit |
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imports Base |
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begin |
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chapter {* Introduction *} |
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section {* Concepts and terminology *} |
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text {* Isabelle/jEdit is a Prover IDE that integrates \emph{parallel |
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proof checking} \cite{Wenzel:2009,Wenzel:2013:ITP} with |
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\emph{asynchronous user interaction} |
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\cite{Wenzel:2010,Wenzel:2012:UITP-EPTCS}, based on a |
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document-oriented approach to \emph{continuous proof processing} |
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\cite{Wenzel:2011:CICM,Wenzel:2012}. Many concepts and system |
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components are fit together in order to make this work. The main |
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building blocks are as follows. |
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\begin{description} |
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\item [PIDE] is a general framework for Prover IDEs based on |
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Isabelle/Scala. It is built around a concept of parallel and |
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asynchronous document processing, which is supported natively by the |
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parallel proof engine that is implemented in Isabelle/ML. The prover |
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discontinues the traditional TTY-based command loop, and supports |
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direct editing of formal source text with rich formal markup for GUI |
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rendering. |
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\item [Isabelle/ML] is the implementation and extension language of |
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Isabelle, see also \cite{isabelle-implementation}. It is integrated |
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into the logical context of Isabelle/Isar and allows to manipulate |
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logical entities directly. Arbitrary add-on tools may be implemented |
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for object-logics such as Isabelle/HOL. |
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\item [Isabelle/Scala] is the system programming language of |
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Isabelle. It extends the pure logical environment of Isabelle/ML |
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towards the ``real world'' of graphical user interfaces, text |
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editors, IDE frameworks, web services etc. Special infrastructure |
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allows to transfer algebraic datatype values and formatted text |
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easily between ML and Scala, using asynchronous protocol commands. |
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\item [jEdit] is a sophisticated text editor implemented in |
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Java.\footnote{\url{http://www.jedit.org}} It is easily extensible |
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by plugins written in languages that work on the JVM, e.g.\ |
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Scala\footnote{\url{http://www.scala-lang.org/}}. |
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\item [Isabelle/jEdit] is the main example application of the PIDE |
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framework and the default user-interface for Isabelle. It targets |
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both beginners and experts. Technically, Isabelle/jEdit combines a |
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slightly modified version of the official jEdit code base with a |
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special plugin for Isabelle, integrated as standalone application |
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for the main operating system platforms: Linux, Windows, Mac OS X. |
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\end{description} |
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The subtle differences of Isabelle/ML versus Standard ML, |
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Isabelle/Scala versus Scala, Isabelle/jEdit versus jEdit need to be |
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taken into account when discussing any of these PIDE building blocks |
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in public forums, mailing lists, or even scientific publications. |
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*} |
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section {* The Isabelle/jEdit Prover IDE *} |
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text {* |
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\begin{figure}[htbp] |
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\begin{center} |
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\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{isabelle-jedit} |
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\end{center} |
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\caption{The Isabelle/jEdit Prover IDE} |
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\end{figure} |
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Isabelle/jEdit consists of some plugins for the well-known jEdit |
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text editor \url{http://www.jedit.org}, according to the following |
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principles. |
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\begin{itemize} |
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\item The original jEdit look-and-feel is generally preserved, |
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although some default properties are changed to accommodate Isabelle |
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(e.g.\ the text area font). |
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\item Formal Isabelle/Isar text is checked asynchronously while |
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editing. The user is in full command of the editor, and the prover |
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refrains from locking portions of the buffer. |
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\item Prover feedback works via colors, boxes, squiggly underline, |
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hyperlinks, popup windows, icons, clickable output --- all based on |
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semantic markup produced by Isabelle in the background. |
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\item Using the mouse together with the modifier key @{verbatim |
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CONTROL} (Linux, Windows) or @{verbatim COMMAND} (Mac OS X) exposes |
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additional formal content via tooltips and/or hyperlinks. |
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\item Formal output (in popups etc.) may be explored recursively, |
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using the same techniques as in the editor source buffer. |
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\item Additional panels (e.g.\ \emph{Output}, \emph{Symbols}) are |
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organized by the Dockable Window Manager of jEdit, which also allows |
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multiple floating instances of each window class. |
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\item The prover process and source files are managed on the editor |
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side. The prover operates on timeless and stateless document |
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content as provided via Isabelle/Scala. |
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\item Plugin options of jEdit (for the \emph{Isabelle} plugin) give |
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access to a selection of Isabelle/Scala options and its persistent |
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preferences, usually with immediate effect on the prover back-end or |
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editor front-end. |
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\item The logic image of the prover session may be specified within |
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Isabelle/jEdit. The new image is provided automatically by the |
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Isabelle build tool after restart of the application. |
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\end{itemize} |
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*} |
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subsection {* Documentation *} |
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text {* Regular jEdit documentation is accessible via its @{verbatim |
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Help} menu or @{verbatim F1} keyboard shortcut. This includes a full |
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\emph{User's Guide} and \emph{Frequently Asked Questions} for this |
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sophisticated text editor. |
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Most of this information about jEdit is relevant for Isabelle/jEdit |
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as well, but one needs to keep in mind that defaults sometimes |
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differ, and the official jEdit documentation does not know about the |
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Isabelle plugin with its special support for theory editing. |
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*} |
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subsection {* Plugins *} |
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text {* The \emph{Plugin Manager} of jEdit allows to augment editor |
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functionality by JVM modules (jars) that are provided by the central |
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plugin repository, which is accessible by various mirror sites. |
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Connecting to the plugin server infrastructure of the jEdit project |
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allows to update bundled plugins or to add further functionality. |
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This needs to be done with the usual care for such an open bazaar of |
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contributions. Arbitrary combinations of add-on features are apt to |
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cause problems. It is advisable to start with the default |
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configuration of Isabelle/jEdit and develop some understanding how |
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it is supposed to work, before loading additional plugins at a grand |
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scale. |
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\medskip The main \emph{Isabelle} plugin is an integral part of |
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Isabelle/jEdit and needs to remain active at all times! A few |
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additional plugins are bundled with Isabelle/jEdit for convenience |
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or out of necessity, notably \emph{Console} with its Isabelle/Scala |
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sub-plugin and \emph{SideKick} with some Isabelle-specific parsers |
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for document tree structure. The \emph{ErrorList} plugin is |
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required by \emph{SideKick}, but not used specifically in |
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Isabelle/jEdit. *} |
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subsection {* Options *} |
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text {* Both jEdit and Isabelle have distinctive management of |
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persistent options. |
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Regular jEdit options are accessible via the dialogs for |
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\emph{Global Options} and \emph{Plugin Options}. Changed properties |
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are stored eventually in @{verbatim |
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"$ISABELLE_HOME_USER/jedit/properties"}. In contrast, Isabelle |
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system options are managed by Isabelle/Scala and changes stored in |
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@{verbatim "$ISABELLE_HOME_USER/etc/preferences"}, independently of |
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the jEdit properties. See also \cite{isabelle-sys}, especially the |
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coverage of sessions and command-line tools like @{tool build} or |
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@{tool options}. |
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Those Isabelle options that are declared as \textbf{public} are |
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configurable in jEdit via \emph{Plugin Options / Isabelle / |
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General}. Moreover, there are various options for rendering of |
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document content, which are configurable via \emph{Plugin Options / |
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Isabelle / Rendering}. Thus \emph{Plugin Options / Isabelle} in |
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jEdit provides a view on certain Isabelle options. Note that some |
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of these options affect general parameters that are relevant outside |
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Isabelle/jEdit as well, e.g.\ @{system_option threads} or |
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@{system_option parallel_proofs} for the Isabelle build tool |
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\cite{isabelle-sys}. |
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\medskip All options are loaded on startup and saved on shutdown of |
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Isabelle/jEdit. Editing the machine-generated files @{verbatim |
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"$ISABELLE_HOME_USER/jedit/properties"} or @{verbatim |
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"$ISABELLE_HOME_USER/etc/preferences"} manually while the |
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application is running is likely to cause surprise due to lost |
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update! *} |
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subsection {* Keymaps *} |
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text {* Keyboard shortcuts used to be managed as jEdit properties in |
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the past, but recent versions (2013) have a separate concept of |
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\emph{keymap} that is configurable via \emph{Global Options / |
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Shortcuts}. The @{verbatim imported} keymap is derived from the |
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initial environment of properties that is available at the first |
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start of the editor; afterwards the keymap file takes precedence. |
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This is relevant for Isabelle/jEdit due to various fine-tuning of |
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default properties, and additional keyboard shortcuts for Isabelle |
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specific functionality. Users may change their keymap, but need to |
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copy Isabelle-specific key bindings manually. *} |
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subsection {* Look-and-feel *} |
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text {* jEdit is a Java/AWT/Swing application with some ambition to |
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support ``native'' look-and-feel on all platforms, within the limits |
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of what Oracle as Java provider and major operating system |
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distributors allow (see also \secref{sec:problems}). |
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Isabelle/jEdit enables platform-specific look-and-feel by default as |
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follows: |
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\begin{description} |
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\item[Linux] The platform-independent \emph{Nimbus} is used by |
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default, but the classic \emph{Metal} also works. \emph{GTK+} works |
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under the side-condition that the overall GTK theme is selected in a |
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Swing-friendly way.\footnote{GTK support in Java/Swing was once |
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marketed aggressively by Sun, but never quite finished, and is today |
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(2013) lagging a bit behind further development of Swing and GTK.} |
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\item[Windows] Regular \emph{Windows} is used by default, but |
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platform-independent \emph{Nimbus} and \emph{Metal} also work. |
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\item[Mac OS X] Regular \emph{Mac OS X} is used by default, but |
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platform-independent \emph{Nimbus} and \emph{Metal} also work. |
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Moreover the bundled \emph{MacOSX} plugin provides various functions |
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that are expected from applications on that particular platform: |
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quit from menu or dock, preferences menu, drag-and-drop of text |
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files on the application, full-screen mode for main editor windows |
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etc. |
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\end{description} |
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Users may experiment with different look-and-feels, but need to keep |
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in mind that this extra variance of GUI functionality is unlikely to |
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work in arbitrary combinations. The historic \emph{CDE/Motif} is |
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better avoided. After changing the look-and-feel in \emph{Global |
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Options / Appearance}, it is advisable to restart Isabelle/jEdit in |
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order to take full effect. *} |
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subsection {* File-system access *} |
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text {* File specifications in jEdit follow various formats and |
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conventions according to \emph{Virtual File Systems}, which may be |
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also provided by additional plugins. This allows to access remote |
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files via the @{verbatim "http:"} protocol prefix, for example. |
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Isabelle/jEdit attempts to work with the file-system access model of |
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jEdit as far as possible. In particular, theory sources are passed |
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directly from the editor to the prover, without indirection via |
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files. |
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Despite the flexibility of URLs in jEdit, local files are |
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particularly important and are accessible without protocol prefix. |
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Here the path notation is that of the Java Virtual Machine on the |
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underlying platform. On Windows the preferred form uses |
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backslashes, but happens to accept Unix/POSIX forward slashes, too. |
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Further differences arise due to drive letters and network shares. |
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The Java notation for files needs to be distinguished from the one |
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of Isabelle, which uses POSIX notation with forward slashes on |
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\emph{all} platforms.\footnote{Isabelle on Windows uses Cygwin |
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file-system access.} Moreover, environment variables from the |
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Isabelle process may be used freely, e.g.\ @{file |
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"$ISABELLE_HOME/etc/symbols"} or @{file |
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"$ISABELLE_JDK_HOME/README.html"}. There are special shortcuts: |
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@{verbatim "~"} for @{file "$USER_HOME"}, and @{verbatim "~~"} for |
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@{file "$ISABELLE_HOME"}. |
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\medskip Since jEdit happens to support environment variables within |
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file specifications as well, it is natural to use similar notation |
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within the editor, e.g.\ in the file-browser. This does not work in |
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full generality, though, due to the bias of jEdit towards |
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platform-specific notation and of Isabelle towards POSIX. Moreover, |
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the Isabelle settings environment is not yet active when starting |
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Isabelle/jEdit via its standard application wrapper (in contrast to |
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@{verbatim "isabelle jedit"} run from the command line). |
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For convenience, Isabelle/jEdit imitates at least @{verbatim |
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"$ISABELLE_HOME"} and @{verbatim "$ISABELLE_HOME_USER"} within the |
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Java process environment, in order to allow easy access to these |
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important places from the editor. |
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Moreover note that path specifications in prover input or output |
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usually include formal markup that turns it into a hyperlink (see |
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also \secref{sec:tooltips-hyperlinks}). This allows to open the |
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corresponding file in the text editor, independently of the path |
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notation. *} |
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chapter {* Prover IDE functionality *} |
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section {* Text buffers and theories \label{sec:buffers-theories} *} |
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text {* As regular text editor, jEdit maintains a collection of open |
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\emph{text buffers} to store source files; each buffer may be |
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associated with any number of visible \emph{text areas}. Buffers |
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are subject to an \emph{edit mode} that is determined from the file |
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type. Files with extension \texttt{.thy} are assigned to the mode |
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\emph{isabelle} and treated specifically. |
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\medskip Isabelle theory files are automatically added to the formal |
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document model of Isabelle/Scala, which maintains a family of |
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versions of all sources for the prover. The \emph{Theories} panel |
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provides an overview of the status of continuous checking of theory |
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sources. Unlike batch sessions \cite{isabelle-sys}, theory nodes |
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are identified by full path names; this allows to work with multiple |
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(disjoint) Isabelle sessions simultaneously within the same editor |
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session. |
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Certain events to open or update buffers with theory files cause |
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Isabelle/jEdit to resolve dependencies of \emph{theory imports}. |
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The system requests to load additional files into editor buffers, in |
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order to be included in the theory document model for further |
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checking. It is also possible to resolve dependencies |
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automatically, depending on \emph{Plugin Options / Isabelle / |
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General / Auto load} (Isabelle system option @{system_option |
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jedit_auto_load}). |
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\medskip The open text area views on theory buffers define the |
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visible \emph{perspective} of Isabelle/jEdit. This is taken as a |
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hint for document processing: the prover ensures that those parts of |
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a theory where the user is looking are checked, while other parts |
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that are presently not required are ignored. The perspective is |
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changed by opening or closing text area windows, or scrolling within |
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some window. |
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The \emph{Theories} panel provides some further options to influence |
335 |
the process of continuous checking: it may be switched off globally |
|
54350 | 336 |
to restrict the prover to superficial processing of command syntax. |
337 |
It is also possible to indicate theory nodes as \emph{required} for |
|
54330 | 338 |
continuous checking: this means such nodes and all their imports are |
339 |
always processed independently of the visibility status (if |
|
340 |
continuous checking is enabled). Big theory libraries that are |
|
341 |
marked as required can have significant impact on performance, |
|
342 |
though. |
|
54322 | 343 |
|
344 |
\medskip Formal markup of checked theory content is turned into GUI |
|
345 |
rendering, based on a standard repertoire known from IDEs for |
|
346 |
programming languages: colors, icons, highlighting, squiggly |
|
54329 | 347 |
underline, tooltips, hyperlinks etc. For outer syntax of |
54350 | 348 |
Isabelle/Isar there is some traditional syntax-highlighting via |
349 |
static keyword tables and tokenization within the editor. In |
|
350 |
contrast, the painting of inner syntax (term language etc.)\ uses |
|
351 |
semantic information that is reported dynamically from the logical |
|
352 |
context. Thus the prover can provide additional markup to help the |
|
353 |
user to understand the meaning of formal text, and to produce more |
|
354 |
text with some add-on tools (e.g.\ information messages by automated |
|
355 |
provers or disprovers running in the background). |
|
54352 | 356 |
*} |
54322 | 357 |
|
54352 | 358 |
|
54354 | 359 |
section {* Prover output \label{sec:prover-output} *} |
54353 | 360 |
|
361 |
text {* Prover output consists of \emph{markup} and \emph{messages}. |
|
362 |
Both are directly attached to the corresponding positions in the |
|
363 |
original source text, and visualized in the text area, e.g.\ as text |
|
364 |
colours for free and bound variables, or as squiggly underline for |
|
365 |
warnings, errors etc. In the latter case, the corresponding |
|
366 |
messages are shown by hovering with the mouse over the highlighted |
|
367 |
text --- although in many situations the user should already get |
|
368 |
some clue by looking at the text highlighting alone. |
|
369 |
||
370 |
The ``gutter area'' on the left-hand-side of the text area uses |
|
371 |
icons to provide a summary of the messages within the corresponding |
|
372 |
line of text. Message priorities are used to prefer errors over |
|
373 |
warnings, warnings over information messages etc. Plain output is |
|
374 |
ignored here. |
|
375 |
||
376 |
The ``overview area'' on the right-hand-side of the text area uses |
|
377 |
similar information to paint small rectangles for the overall status |
|
378 |
of the whole text buffer. The graphics is scaled to fit the logical |
|
379 |
buffer length into the given window height. Mouse clicks on the |
|
380 |
overview area position the cursor approximately to the corresponding |
|
381 |
line of text in the buffer. |
|
382 |
||
383 |
Another course-grained overview is provided by the \emph{Theories} |
|
384 |
panel (\secref{sec:buffers-theories}), but without direct |
|
385 |
correspondence to text positions. A double-click on one of the |
|
386 |
theory entries with their status overview opens the corresponding |
|
387 |
text buffer, without changing the cursor position. |
|
388 |
||
389 |
\medskip In addition, the \emph{Output} panel displays prover |
|
390 |
messages that correspond to a given command, within a separate |
|
391 |
window. |
|
392 |
||
393 |
The cursor position in the presently active text area determines the |
|
394 |
prover commands whose cumulative message output is appended an shown |
|
395 |
in that window (in canonical order according to the processing of |
|
396 |
the command). There are also control elements to modify the update |
|
397 |
policy of the output wrt.\ continued editor movements. This is |
|
398 |
particularly useful with several independent instances of the |
|
399 |
\emph{Output} panel, which the Dockable Window Manager of jEdit can |
|
400 |
handle conveniently. |
|
401 |
||
402 |
Former users of the old TTY interaction model (e.g.\ Proof~General) |
|
403 |
might find a separate window for prover messages familiar, but it is |
|
404 |
important to understand that the main Prover IDE feedback happens |
|
405 |
elsewhere. It is possible to do meaningful proof editing |
|
406 |
efficiently while using the secondary window only rarely. |
|
407 |
||
408 |
The main purpose of the output window is to ``debug'' unclear |
|
409 |
situations by inspecting internal state of the prover.\footnote{In |
|
410 |
that sense, unstructured tactic scripts depend on continous |
|
411 |
debugging with internal state inspection.} Consequently, some |
|
412 |
special messages for \emph{tracing} or \emph{proof state} only |
|
413 |
appear here, and are not attached to the original source. |
|
414 |
||
415 |
\medskip In any case, prover messages also contain markup that may |
|
416 |
be explored recursively via tooltips or hyperlinks (see |
|
417 |
\secref{sec:tooltips-hyperlinks}), or clicked directly to initiate |
|
418 |
certain actions (e.g.\ see \secref{sec:sledgehammer}). *} |
|
419 |
||
420 |
||
54352 | 421 |
section {* Tooltips and hyperlinks \label{sec:tooltips-hyperlinks} *} |
422 |
||
423 |
text {* Formally processed text (prover input or output) contains rich |
|
424 |
markup information that can be explored further by using the |
|
425 |
@{verbatim CONTROL} modifier key on Linux and Windows, or @{verbatim |
|
426 |
COMMAND} on Mac OS X. Hovering with the mouse while the modifier is |
|
427 |
pressed reveals a \emph{tooltip} (grey box over the text with a |
|
428 |
yellow popup) and/or a \emph{hyperlink} (black rectangle over the |
|
429 |
text); see also \figref{fig:tooltip}. |
|
54331 | 430 |
|
431 |
\begin{figure}[htbp] |
|
432 |
\begin{center} |
|
54352 | 433 |
\includegraphics[scale=0.6]{popup1} |
54331 | 434 |
\end{center} |
54350 | 435 |
\caption{Tooltip and hyperlink for some formal entity.} |
436 |
\label{fig:tooltip} |
|
54331 | 437 |
\end{figure} |
438 |
||
54350 | 439 |
Tooltip popups use the same rendering principles as the main text |
440 |
area, and further tooltips and/or hyperlinks may be exposed |
|
441 |
recursively by the same mechanism; see |
|
442 |
\figref{fig:nested-tooltips}. |
|
54323 | 443 |
|
54331 | 444 |
\begin{figure}[htbp] |
445 |
\begin{center} |
|
54352 | 446 |
\includegraphics[scale=0.6]{popup2} |
54331 | 447 |
\end{center} |
448 |
\caption{Nested tooltips over formal entities.} |
|
54350 | 449 |
\label{fig:nested-tooltips} |
54331 | 450 |
\end{figure} |
54350 | 451 |
|
452 |
The tooltip popup window provides some controls to \emph{close} or |
|
453 |
\emph{detach} the window, turning it into a separate \emph{Info} |
|
454 |
dockable window managed by jEdit. The @{verbatim ESCAPE} key closes |
|
54352 | 455 |
\emph{all} popups, which is particularly relevant when nested |
456 |
tooltips are stacking up. |
|
457 |
||
458 |
\medskip A black rectangle in the text indicates a hyperlink that |
|
459 |
may be followed by a mouse click (while the @{verbatim CONTROL} or |
|
460 |
@{verbatim COMMAND} modifier key is still pressed). Presently (2013) |
|
461 |
there is no systematic way to return to the original location within |
|
462 |
the editor. |
|
463 |
||
464 |
Also note that the link target may be a file that is itself not |
|
465 |
subject to formal document processing of the editor session and thus |
|
466 |
prevents further exploration: the chain of hyperlinks may end in |
|
467 |
some source file of the underlying logic image, even within the |
|
468 |
Isabelle/ML bootstrap sources of Isabelle/Pure, where the formal |
|
469 |
markup is less detailed. *} |
|
54321 | 470 |
|
471 |
||
54352 | 472 |
section {* Isabelle symbols *} |
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|
54323 | 474 |
text {* Isabelle sources consist of \emph{symbols} that extend plain |
54330 | 475 |
ASCII to allow infinitely many mathematical symbols within the |
476 |
formal sources. This works without depending on particular |
|
54352 | 477 |
encodings or varying Unicode standards |
478 |
\cite{Wenzel:2011:CICM}.\footnote{Raw Unicode characters within |
|
479 |
formal sources would compromise portability and reliability in the |
|
480 |
face of changing interpretation of various unexpected features of |
|
481 |
Unicode.} |
|
54323 | 482 |
|
483 |
For the prover back-end, formal text consists of ASCII characters |
|
484 |
that are grouped according to some simple rules, e.g.\ as plain |
|
485 |
``@{verbatim a}'' or symbolic ``@{verbatim "\<alpha>"}''. |
|
486 |
||
54352 | 487 |
For the editor front-end, a certain subset of symbols is rendered |
488 |
physically via Unicode glyphs, in order to show ``@{verbatim "\<alpha>"}'' |
|
489 |
as ``@{text "\<alpha>"}'', for example. This symbol interpretation is |
|
490 |
specified by the Isabelle system distribution in @{file |
|
491 |
"$ISABELLE_HOME/etc/symbols"} and may be augmented by the user in |
|
492 |
@{verbatim "$ISABELLE_HOME_USER/etc/symbols"}. |
|
54323 | 493 |
|
54329 | 494 |
The appendix of \cite{isabelle-isar-ref} gives an overview of the |
495 |
standard interpretation of finitely many symbols from the infinite |
|
54352 | 496 |
collection. Uninterpreted symbols are displayed literally, e.g.\ |
497 |
``@{verbatim "\<foobar>"}''. Overlap of Unicode characters used in |
|
498 |
symbol interpretation with informal ones that might appear e.g.\ in |
|
499 |
comments needs to be avoided! |
|
54323 | 500 |
|
54352 | 501 |
\medskip \paragraph{Encoding.} Technically, the Unicode view on |
502 |
Isabelle symbols is an \emph{encoding} in jEdit (not in the |
|
503 |
underlying JVM) that is called @{verbatim "UTF-8-Isabelle"}. It is |
|
504 |
provided by the Isabelle/jEdit plugin and enabled by default for all |
|
505 |
source files. Sometimes such defaults are reset accidentally, or |
|
506 |
malformed UTF-8 sequences in the text force jEdit to fall back on a |
|
507 |
different encoding like @{verbatim "ISO-8859-15"}. In that case, |
|
508 |
verbatim ``@{verbatim "\<alpha>"}'' will be shown in the text buffer |
|
509 |
instead of its Unicode rendering ``@{text "\<alpha>"}''. The jEdit menu |
|
510 |
operation \emph{File / Reload with Encoding / UTF-8-Isabelle} helps |
|
511 |
to resolve such problems, potentially after repairing malformed |
|
512 |
parts of the text. |
|
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|
54352 | 514 |
\medskip \paragraph{Font.} Correct rendering via Unicode requires a |
515 |
font that contains glyphs for the corresponding codepoints. Most |
|
516 |
system fonts lack that, so Isabelle/jEdit prefers its own |
|
517 |
application font @{verbatim IsabelleText}, which ensures that |
|
518 |
standard collection of Isabelle symbols are actually seen on the |
|
519 |
screen (or printer). |
|
54329 | 520 |
|
54330 | 521 |
Note that a Java/AWT/Swing application can load additional fonts |
522 |
only if they are not installed as system font already! This means |
|
523 |
some old version of @{verbatim IsabelleText} that happens to be |
|
524 |
already present prevents Isabelle/jEdit from using its current |
|
54352 | 525 |
bundled version. This results in missing glyphs (black rectangles), |
526 |
when some obsolete version of @{verbatim IsabelleText} is used by |
|
527 |
accident. This problem can be avoided by refraining to ``install'' |
|
528 |
any version of @{verbatim IsabelleText} in the first place. |
|
54329 | 529 |
|
54323 | 530 |
\medskip \paragraph{Input methods.} In principle, Isabelle/jEdit |
531 |
could delegate the problem to produce Isabelle symbols in their |
|
532 |
Unicode rendering to the underlying operating system and its |
|
54329 | 533 |
\emph{input methods}. Regular jEdit also provides various ways to |
534 |
work with \emph{abbreviations} to produce certain non-ASCII |
|
535 |
characters. Since none of these standard input methods work |
|
536 |
satisfactorily for the mathematical characters required for |
|
537 |
Isabelle, various specific Isabelle/jEdit mechanisms are provided. |
|
54323 | 538 |
|
54329 | 539 |
Here is a summary for practically relevant input methods for |
54330 | 540 |
Isabelle symbols: |
54323 | 541 |
|
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\begin{enumerate} |
54323 | 543 |
|
54330 | 544 |
\item The \emph{Symbols} panel with some GUI buttons to insert |
54323 | 545 |
certain symbols in the text buffer. There are also tooltips to |
546 |
reveal to official Isabelle representation with some additional |
|
547 |
information about \emph{symbol abbreviations} (see below). |
|
548 |
||
549 |
\item Copy / paste from decoded source files: text that is rendered |
|
54352 | 550 |
as Unicode already can be re-used to produce further text. This |
551 |
also works between different applications, e.g.\ Isabelle/jEdit and |
|
552 |
some web browser or mail client, as long as the same Unicode view on |
|
553 |
Isabelle symbols is used uniformly. |
|
54323 | 554 |
|
54329 | 555 |
\item Copy / paste from prover output within Isabelle/jEdit. The |
556 |
same principles as for text buffers apply, but note that \emph{copy} |
|
54352 | 557 |
in secondary Isabelle/jEdit windows works via the keyboard shortcut |
558 |
@{verbatim "C+c"}. The jEdit menu actions always refer to the |
|
559 |
primary text area! |
|
54323 | 560 |
|
561 |
\item Completion provided by Isabelle plugin (see |
|
562 |
\secref{sec:completion}). Isabelle symbols have a canonical name |
|
563 |
and optional abbreviations. This can be used with the text |
|
564 |
completion mechanism of Isabelle/jEdit, to replace a prefix of the |
|
54329 | 565 |
actual symbol like @{verbatim "\<lambda>"}, or its backslashed name |
566 |
@{verbatim "\\"}@{verbatim "lambda"}, or its ASCII abbreviation |
|
54330 | 567 |
@{verbatim "%"} by the Unicode rendering. |
54323 | 568 |
|
569 |
The following table is an extract of the information provided by the |
|
54329 | 570 |
standard @{file "$ISABELLE_HOME/etc/symbols"} file: |
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|
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|
572 |
\medskip |
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573 |
\begin{tabular}{lll} |
54329 | 574 |
\textbf{symbol} & \textbf{abbreviation} & \textbf{backslashed name} \\\hline |
53771 | 575 |
@{text "\<lambda>"} & @{verbatim "%"} & @{verbatim "\\lambda"} \\ |
576 |
@{text "\<Rightarrow>"} & @{verbatim "=>"} & @{verbatim "\\Rightarrow"} \\ |
|
577 |
@{text "\<Longrightarrow>"} & @{verbatim "==>"} & @{verbatim "\\Longrightarrow"} \\ |
|
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578 |
|
53771 | 579 |
@{text "\<And>"} & @{verbatim "!!"} & @{verbatim "\\And"} \\ |
580 |
@{text "\<equiv>"} & @{verbatim "=="} & @{verbatim "\\equiv"} \\ |
|
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581 |
|
53771 | 582 |
@{text "\<forall>"} & @{verbatim "!"} & @{verbatim "\\forall"} \\ |
583 |
@{text "\<exists>"} & @{verbatim "?"} & @{verbatim "\\exists"} \\ |
|
584 |
@{text "\<longrightarrow>"} & @{verbatim "-->"} & @{verbatim "\\longrightarrow"} \\ |
|
585 |
@{text "\<and>"} & @{verbatim "&"} & @{verbatim "\\and"} \\ |
|
586 |
@{text "\<or>"} & @{verbatim "|"} & @{verbatim "\\or"} \\ |
|
587 |
@{text "\<not>"} & @{verbatim "~"} & @{verbatim "\\not"} \\ |
|
588 |
@{text "\<noteq>"} & @{verbatim "~="} & @{verbatim "\\noteq"} \\ |
|
589 |
@{text "\<in>"} & @{verbatim ":"} & @{verbatim "\\in"} \\ |
|
590 |
@{text "\<notin>"} & @{verbatim "~:"} & @{verbatim "\\notin"} \\ |
|
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591 |
\end{tabular} |
54329 | 592 |
\medskip |
593 |
||
594 |
Note that the above abbreviations refer to the input method. The |
|
595 |
logical notation provides ASCII alternatives that often coincide, |
|
54352 | 596 |
but deviate occasionally. This occasionally causes user confusion |
597 |
with very old-fashioned Isabelle source that use ASCII replacement |
|
598 |
notation like @{verbatim "!"} or @{verbatim "ALL"} directly. |
|
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599 |
|
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600 |
\end{enumerate} |
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|
601 |
|
54329 | 602 |
Raw Unicode characters within prover source files should be |
54323 | 603 |
restricted to informal parts, e.g.\ to write text in non-latin |
604 |
alphabets. Mathematical symbols should be defined via the official |
|
54331 | 605 |
rendering tables, to avoid problems with portability and long-term |
54323 | 606 |
storage of formal text. |
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607 |
|
54323 | 608 |
\paragraph{Control symbols.} There are some special control symbols |
54329 | 609 |
to modify the style of a single symbol (without nesting). Control |
610 |
symbols may be applied to a region of selected text, either using |
|
54352 | 611 |
the \emph{Symbols} panel or keyboard shortcuts or jEdit actions. |
612 |
These editor operations produce a separate control symbol for each |
|
613 |
symbol in the text, in order to make the whole text appear in a |
|
614 |
certain style. |
|
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615 |
|
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616 |
\medskip |
54352 | 617 |
\begin{tabular}{llll} |
618 |
style & \textbf{symbol} & shortcut & action \\\hline |
|
619 |
superscript & @{verbatim "\<^sup>"} & @{verbatim "C+e UP"} & @{verbatim "isabelle.control-sup"} \\ |
|
620 |
subscript & @{verbatim "\<^sub>"} & @{verbatim "C+e DOWN"} & @{verbatim "isabelle.control-sub"} \\ |
|
621 |
bold face & @{verbatim "\<^bold>"} & @{verbatim "C+e RIGHT"} & @{verbatim "isabelle.control-bold"} \\ |
|
622 |
reset & & @{verbatim "C+e LEFT"} & @{verbatim "isabelle.control-reset"} \\ |
|
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\end{tabular} |
54352 | 624 |
\medskip |
54323 | 625 |
|
54352 | 626 |
To produce a single control symbol, it is also possible to complete |
627 |
on @{verbatim "\\"}@{verbatim sup}, @{verbatim "\\"}@{verbatim sub}, |
|
628 |
@{verbatim "\\"}@{verbatim bold} as for regular symbols. *} |
|
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629 |
|
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|
630 |
|
54323 | 631 |
section {* Text completion \label{sec:completion} *} |
53769 | 632 |
|
53981 | 633 |
text {* |
634 |
Text completion works via some light-weight GUI popup, which is triggered by |
|
635 |
keyboard events during the normal editing process in the main jEdit text |
|
636 |
area and a few additional text fields. The popup interprets special keys: |
|
637 |
@{verbatim TAB}, @{verbatim ESCAPE}, @{verbatim UP}, @{verbatim DOWN}, |
|
638 |
@{verbatim PAGE_UP}, @{verbatim PAGE_DOWN}. All other key events are passed |
|
639 |
to the jEdit text area --- this allows to ignore unwanted completions most |
|
640 |
of the time and continue typing quickly. |
|
641 |
||
642 |
Various Isabelle plugin options control the popup behavior and immediate |
|
643 |
insertion into buffer. |
|
644 |
||
54320 | 645 |
Isabelle Symbols are completed in backslashed forms, e.g.\ @{verbatim |
53981 | 646 |
"\\"}@{verbatim "forall"} or @{verbatim "\<forall>"} that both produce the Isabelle |
53982 | 647 |
symbol @{text "\<forall>"} in its Unicode rendering. Alternatively, symbol |
648 |
abbreviations may be used as specified in @{file |
|
649 |
"$ISABELLE_HOME/etc/symbols"}. |
|
53981 | 650 |
|
651 |
\emph{Explicit completion} works via standard jEdit shortcut @{verbatim |
|
652 |
"C+b"}, which is remapped to action @{verbatim "isabelle.complete"}, with a |
|
653 |
fall-back on regular @{verbatim "complete-word"} for non-Isabelle buffers. |
|
654 |
||
655 |
\emph{Implicit completion} works via keyboard input on text area, with popup |
|
656 |
or immediate insertion into buffer. Plain words require at least 3 |
|
657 |
characters to be completed. |
|
658 |
||
659 |
\emph{Immediate completion} means the (unique) replacement text is inserted |
|
660 |
into the buffer without popup. This mode ignores plain words and requires |
|
661 |
more than one characters for symbol abbreviations. Otherwise it falls back |
|
662 |
on completion popup. |
|
663 |
*} |
|
53769 | 664 |
|
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665 |
|
54353 | 666 |
section {* Automatically tried tools *} |
667 |
||
54354 | 668 |
text {* Continuous document processing works asynchronously in the |
669 |
background. Visible document source that has been evaluated already |
|
670 |
may get augmented by additional results of \emph{asynchronous print |
|
671 |
functions}. The canonical example is proof state output, which is |
|
672 |
always enabled. More heavy-weight print functions may be applied, |
|
673 |
in order to prove or disprove parts of the formal text by other |
|
674 |
means. |
|
675 |
||
676 |
Isabelle/HOL provides various automatically tried tools that operate |
|
677 |
on outermost goal statements (e.g.\ @{command lemma}, @{command |
|
678 |
theorem}), independently of the state of the current proof attempt. |
|
679 |
They work implicitly without any arguments. Results are output as |
|
680 |
\emph{information messages}, which are indicated in the text area by |
|
681 |
blue squiggles and a blue information sign in the gutter. The |
|
682 |
message content may be shown as for any other message, see also |
|
683 |
\secref{sec:prover-output}. Some tools produce output with |
|
684 |
\emph{sendback} markup, which means that clicking on certain parts |
|
685 |
of the output inserts that text into the source in the proper place. |
|
686 |
||
687 |
\medskip The following Isabelle system options control the behaviour |
|
688 |
of automatically tried tools (see also the jEdit dialog window |
|
689 |
\emph{Plugin Options / Isabelle / General / Automatically tried |
|
690 |
tools}): |
|
691 |
||
692 |
\begin{itemize} |
|
693 |
||
694 |
\item @{system_option auto_methods} controls automatic use of a |
|
695 |
combination of standard proof methods (@{method auto}, @{method |
|
696 |
simp}, @{method blast}, etc.). This corresponds to the command |
|
697 |
@{command "try0"}. |
|
698 |
||
699 |
The tool is disabled by default, since unparameterized invocation of |
|
700 |
standard proof methods often consumes substantial CPU resources |
|
701 |
without leading to success. |
|
702 |
||
703 |
\item @{system_option auto_nitpick} controls a slightly reduced |
|
704 |
version of @{command nitpick}, which tests for counterexamples using |
|
705 |
first-order relational logic. See also the Nitpick manual |
|
706 |
\cite{isabelle-nitpick}. |
|
707 |
||
708 |
This tool is disabled by default, due to the extra overhead of |
|
709 |
invoking an external Java process for each attempt to disprove a |
|
710 |
subgoal. |
|
711 |
||
712 |
\item @{system_option auto_quickcheck} controls automatic use of |
|
713 |
@{command quickcheck}, which tests for counterexamples using a |
|
714 |
series of assignments for free variables of a subgoal. |
|
715 |
||
716 |
This tool is \emph{enabled} by default. It requires little |
|
717 |
overhead, but is a bit weaker than @{command nitpick}. |
|
718 |
||
719 |
\item @{system_option auto_sledgehammer} controls a significantly |
|
720 |
reduced version of @{command sledgehammer}, which attempts to prove |
|
721 |
a subgoal using external automatic provers. See also the |
|
722 |
Sledgehammer manual \cite{isabelle-sledgehammer}. |
|
723 |
||
724 |
This tool is disabled by default, due to the relatively heavy nature |
|
725 |
of Sledgehammer. |
|
726 |
||
727 |
\item @{system_option auto_solve_direct} controls automatic use of |
|
728 |
@{command solve_direct}, which checks whether the current subgoals |
|
729 |
can be solved directly by an existing theorem. This also helps to |
|
730 |
detect duplicate lemmas. |
|
731 |
||
732 |
This tool is \emph{enabled} by default. |
|
733 |
||
734 |
\end{itemize} |
|
735 |
||
736 |
Invocation of automatically tried tools is subject to some global |
|
737 |
policies of parallel execution, which may be configured as follows: |
|
738 |
||
739 |
\begin{itemize} |
|
740 |
||
741 |
\item @{system_option auto_time_limit} (default 2.0) determines the |
|
742 |
timeout (in seconds) for each tool execution individually. |
|
743 |
||
744 |
\item @{system_option auto_time_start} (default 1.0) determines the |
|
745 |
start delay (in seconds) for automatically tried tools, after the |
|
746 |
main command evaluation is finished. |
|
747 |
||
748 |
\end{itemize} |
|
749 |
||
750 |
Each tool is submitted independently to the pool of parallel |
|
751 |
execution tasks in Isabelle/ML, using hardwired priorities according |
|
752 |
to its relative ``heaviness''. The main stages of evaluation and |
|
753 |
printing of proof states take precedence, but an already running |
|
754 |
tool is not canceled and may thus reduce reactivity of proof |
|
755 |
document processing. |
|
756 |
||
757 |
Users should experiment how the available CPU resources (number of |
|
758 |
cores) are best invested to get additional feedback from prover in |
|
759 |
the background, by using weaker or stronger tools. *} |
|
54353 | 760 |
|
761 |
||
762 |
section {* Sledgehammer \label{sec:sledgehammer} *} |
|
763 |
||
764 |
text {* |
|
765 |
FIXME |
|
766 |
*} |
|
767 |
||
768 |
||
769 |
section {* Find theorems *} |
|
770 |
||
771 |
text {* |
|
772 |
FIXME |
|
773 |
*} |
|
774 |
||
775 |
||
54329 | 776 |
chapter {* Known problems and workarounds \label{sec:problems} *} |
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777 |
|
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|
778 |
text {* |
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|
779 |
\begin{itemize} |
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|
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\item \textbf{Problem:} Lack of dependency management for auxiliary files |
53771 | 782 |
that contribute to a theory (e.g.\ @{command ML_file}). |
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|
783 |
|
54330 | 784 |
\textbf{Workaround:} Re-load files manually within the prover, by |
785 |
editing corresponding command in the text. |
|
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|
786 |
|
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787 |
\item \textbf{Problem:} Odd behavior of some diagnostic commands with |
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|
788 |
global side-effects, like writing a physical file. |
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|
789 |
|
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|
790 |
\textbf{Workaround:} Avoid such commands. |
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|
791 |
|
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|
792 |
\item \textbf{Problem:} No way to delete document nodes from the overall |
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|
793 |
collection of theories. |
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|
794 |
|
54329 | 795 |
\textbf{Workaround:} Ignore unused files. Restart whole |
796 |
Isabelle/jEdit session in worst-case situation. |
|
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|
797 |
|
54330 | 798 |
\item \textbf{Problem:} Keyboard shortcuts @{verbatim "C+PLUS"} and |
799 |
@{verbatim "C+MINUS"} for adjusting the editor font size depend on |
|
800 |
platform details and national keyboards. |
|
801 |
||
802 |
\textbf{Workaround:} Use numeric keypad or rebind keys in the |
|
803 |
jEdit Shortcuts options dialog. |
|
804 |
||
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|
805 |
\item \textbf{Problem:} The Mac OS X keyboard shortcut @{verbatim |
54349 | 806 |
"COMMAND+COMMA"} for application \emph{Preferences} is in conflict |
807 |
with the jEdit default shortcut for \emph{Incremental Search Bar} |
|
808 |
(action @{verbatim "quick-search"}). |
|
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|
809 |
|
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|
810 |
\textbf{Workaround:} Remap in jEdit manually according to national |
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|
811 |
keyboard, e.g.\ @{verbatim "COMMAND+SLASH"} on English ones. |
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|
812 |
|
54349 | 813 |
\item \textbf{Problem:} Mac OS X system fonts sometimes lead to |
814 |
character drop-outs in the main text area. |
|
815 |
||
816 |
\textbf{Workaround:} Use the default @{verbatim IsabelleText} font. |
|
817 |
(Do not install that font on the system.) |
|
818 |
||
54329 | 819 |
\item \textbf{Problem:} Some Linux / X11 input methods such as IBus |
54330 | 820 |
tend to disrupt key event handling of Java/AWT/Swing. |
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|
821 |
|
54329 | 822 |
\textbf{Workaround:} Do not use input methods, reset the environment |
823 |
variable @{verbatim XMODIFIERS} within Isabelle settings (default in |
|
824 |
Isabelle2013-1). |
|
825 |
||
826 |
\item \textbf{Problem:} Some Linux / X11 window managers that are |
|
827 |
not ``re-parenting'' cause problems with additional windows opened |
|
54331 | 828 |
by Java. This affects either historic or neo-minimalistic window |
829 |
managers like @{verbatim awesome} or @{verbatim xmonad}. |
|
54329 | 830 |
|
831 |
\textbf{Workaround:} Use regular re-parenting window manager. |
|
832 |
||
833 |
\item \textbf{Problem:} Recent forks of Linux / X11 window managers |
|
834 |
and desktop environments (variants of Gnome) disrupt the handling of |
|
835 |
menu popups and mouse positions of Java/AWT/Swing. |
|
836 |
||
837 |
\textbf{Workaround:} Use mainstream versions of Linux desktops. |
|
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|
838 |
|
54349 | 839 |
\item \textbf{Problem:} Full-screen mode via jEdit action @{verbatim |
840 |
"toggle-full-screen"} (default shortcut @{verbatim F11}) works on |
|
841 |
Windows, but not on Mac OS X or various Linux / X11 window managers. |
|
842 |
||
843 |
\textbf{Workaround:} Use native full-screen control of the window |
|
844 |
manager, if available (notably on Mac OS X). |
|
845 |
||
846 |
\item \textbf{Problem:} Full-screen mode and dockable windows in |
|
847 |
\emph{floating} state may lead to confusion about window placement |
|
848 |
(depending on platform characteristics). |
|
849 |
||
850 |
\textbf{Workaround:} Avoid this combination. |
|
851 |
||
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|
852 |
\end{itemize} |
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|
853 |
*} |
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|
854 |
|
53769 | 855 |
end |