src/HOLCF/Deflation.thy

New theory of deflations and embedding-projection pairs

(*  Title:      HOLCF/Deflation.thy
    ID:         $Id$
    Author:     Brian Huffman
*)

header {* Continuous Deflations and Embedding-Projection Pairs *}

theory Deflation
imports Cfun
begin

defaultsort cpo

subsection {* Continuous deflations *}

locale deflation =
  fixes d :: "'a \<rightarrow> 'a"
  assumes idem: "\<And>x. d\<cdot>(d\<cdot>x) = d\<cdot>x"
  assumes less: "\<And>x. d\<cdot>x \<sqsubseteq> x"
begin

lemma less_ID: "d \<sqsubseteq> ID"
by (rule less_cfun_ext, simp add: less)

text {* The set of fixed points is the same as the range. *}

lemma fixes_eq_range: "{x. d\<cdot>x = x} = range (\<lambda>x. d\<cdot>x)"
by (auto simp add: eq_sym_conv idem)

lemma range_eq_fixes: "range (\<lambda>x. d\<cdot>x) = {x. d\<cdot>x = x}"
by (auto simp add: eq_sym_conv idem)

text {*
  The pointwise ordering on deflation functions coincides with
  the subset ordering of their sets of fixed-points.
*}

lemma lessI:
  assumes f: "\<And>x. d\<cdot>x = x \<Longrightarrow> f\<cdot>x = x" shows "d \<sqsubseteq> f"
proof (rule less_cfun_ext)
  fix x
  from less have "f\<cdot>(d\<cdot>x) \<sqsubseteq> f\<cdot>x" by (rule monofun_cfun_arg)
  also from idem have "f\<cdot>(d\<cdot>x) = d\<cdot>x" by (rule f)
  finally show "d\<cdot>x \<sqsubseteq> f\<cdot>x" .
qed

lemma lessD: "\<lbrakk>f \<sqsubseteq> d; f\<cdot>x = x\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> d\<cdot>x = x"
proof (rule antisym_less)
  from less show "d\<cdot>x \<sqsubseteq> x" .
next
  assume "f \<sqsubseteq> d"
  hence "f\<cdot>x \<sqsubseteq> d\<cdot>x" by (rule monofun_cfun_fun)
  also assume "f\<cdot>x = x"
  finally show "x \<sqsubseteq> d\<cdot>x" .
qed

end

lemma adm_deflation: "adm (\<lambda>d. deflation d)"
by (simp add: deflation_def)

lemma deflation_ID: "deflation ID"
by (simp add: deflation.intro)

lemma deflation_UU: "deflation \<bottom>"
by (simp add: deflation.intro)

lemma deflation_less_iff:
  "\<lbrakk>deflation p; deflation q\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> p \<sqsubseteq> q \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>x. p\<cdot>x = x \<longrightarrow> q\<cdot>x = x)"
 apply safe
  apply (simp add: deflation.lessD)
 apply (simp add: deflation.lessI)
done

text {*
  The composition of two deflations is equal to
  the lesser of the two (if they are comparable).
*}

lemma deflation_less_comp1:
  includes deflation f
  includes deflation g
  shows "f \<sqsubseteq> g \<Longrightarrow> f\<cdot>(g\<cdot>x) = f\<cdot>x"
proof (rule antisym_less)
  from g.less show "f\<cdot>(g\<cdot>x) \<sqsubseteq> f\<cdot>x" by (rule monofun_cfun_arg)
next
  assume "f \<sqsubseteq> g" hence "f\<cdot>x \<sqsubseteq> g\<cdot>x" by (rule monofun_cfun_fun)
  hence "f\<cdot>(f\<cdot>x) \<sqsubseteq> f\<cdot>(g\<cdot>x)" by (rule monofun_cfun_arg)
  also have "f\<cdot>(f\<cdot>x) = f\<cdot>x" by (rule f.idem)
  finally show "f\<cdot>x \<sqsubseteq> f\<cdot>(g\<cdot>x)" .
qed

lemma deflation_less_comp2:
  "\<lbrakk>deflation f; deflation g; f \<sqsubseteq> g\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> g\<cdot>(f\<cdot>x) = f\<cdot>x"
by (simp only: deflation.lessD deflation.idem)


subsection {* Deflations with finite range *}

lemma finite_range_imp_finite_fixes:
  "finite (range f) \<Longrightarrow> finite {x. f x = x}"
proof -
  have "{x. f x = x} \<subseteq> range f"
    by (clarify, erule subst, rule rangeI)
  moreover assume "finite (range f)"
  ultimately show "finite {x. f x = x}"
    by (rule finite_subset)
qed

locale finite_deflation = deflation +
  assumes finite_fixes: "finite {x. d\<cdot>x = x}"
begin

lemma finite_range: "finite (range (\<lambda>x. d\<cdot>x))"
by (simp add: range_eq_fixes finite_fixes)

lemma finite_image: "finite ((\<lambda>x. d\<cdot>x) ` A)"
by (rule finite_subset [OF image_mono [OF subset_UNIV] finite_range])

lemma compact: "compact (d\<cdot>x)"
proof (rule compactI2)
  fix Y :: "nat \<Rightarrow> 'a"
  assume Y: "chain Y"
  have "finite_chain (\<lambda>i. d\<cdot>(Y i))"
  proof (rule finite_range_imp_finch)
    show "chain (\<lambda>i. d\<cdot>(Y i))"
      using Y by simp
    have "range (\<lambda>i. d\<cdot>(Y i)) \<subseteq> range (\<lambda>x. d\<cdot>x)"
      by clarsimp
    thus "finite (range (\<lambda>i. d\<cdot>(Y i)))"
      using finite_range by (rule finite_subset)
  qed
  hence "\<exists>j. (\<Squnion>i. d\<cdot>(Y i)) = d\<cdot>(Y j)"
    by (simp add: finite_chain_def maxinch_is_thelub Y)
  then obtain j where j: "(\<Squnion>i. d\<cdot>(Y i)) = d\<cdot>(Y j)" ..

  assume "d\<cdot>x \<sqsubseteq> (\<Squnion>i. Y i)"
  hence "d\<cdot>(d\<cdot>x) \<sqsubseteq> d\<cdot>(\<Squnion>i. Y i)"
    by (rule monofun_cfun_arg)
  hence "d\<cdot>x \<sqsubseteq> (\<Squnion>i. d\<cdot>(Y i))"
    by (simp add: contlub_cfun_arg Y idem)
  hence "d\<cdot>x \<sqsubseteq> d\<cdot>(Y j)"
    using j by simp
  hence "d\<cdot>x \<sqsubseteq> Y j"
    using less by (rule trans_less)
  thus "\<exists>j. d\<cdot>x \<sqsubseteq> Y j" ..
qed

end


subsection {* Continuous embedding-projection pairs *}

locale ep_pair =
  fixes e :: "'a \<rightarrow> 'b" and p :: "'b \<rightarrow> 'a"
  assumes e_inverse [simp]: "\<And>x. p\<cdot>(e\<cdot>x) = x"
  and e_p_less: "\<And>y. e\<cdot>(p\<cdot>y) \<sqsubseteq> y"
begin

lemma e_less_iff [simp]: "e\<cdot>x \<sqsubseteq> e\<cdot>y \<longleftrightarrow> x \<sqsubseteq> y"
proof
  assume "e\<cdot>x \<sqsubseteq> e\<cdot>y"
  hence "p\<cdot>(e\<cdot>x) \<sqsubseteq> p\<cdot>(e\<cdot>y)" by (rule monofun_cfun_arg)
  thus "x \<sqsubseteq> y" by simp
next
  assume "x \<sqsubseteq> y"
  thus "e\<cdot>x \<sqsubseteq> e\<cdot>y" by (rule monofun_cfun_arg)
qed

lemma e_eq_iff [simp]: "e\<cdot>x = e\<cdot>y \<longleftrightarrow> x = y"
unfolding po_eq_conv e_less_iff ..

lemma p_eq_iff:
  "\<lbrakk>e\<cdot>(p\<cdot>x) = x; e\<cdot>(p\<cdot>y) = y\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> p\<cdot>x = p\<cdot>y \<longleftrightarrow> x = y"
by (safe, erule subst, erule subst, simp)

lemma p_inverse: "(\<exists>x. y = e\<cdot>x) = (e\<cdot>(p\<cdot>y) = y)"
by (auto, rule exI, erule sym)

lemma e_less_iff_less_p: "e\<cdot>x \<sqsubseteq> y \<longleftrightarrow> x \<sqsubseteq> p\<cdot>y"
proof
  assume "e\<cdot>x \<sqsubseteq> y"
  then have "p\<cdot>(e\<cdot>x) \<sqsubseteq> p\<cdot>y" by (rule monofun_cfun_arg)
  then show "x \<sqsubseteq> p\<cdot>y" by simp
next
  assume "x \<sqsubseteq> p\<cdot>y"
  then have "e\<cdot>x \<sqsubseteq> e\<cdot>(p\<cdot>y)" by (rule monofun_cfun_arg)
  then show "e\<cdot>x \<sqsubseteq> y" using e_p_less by (rule trans_less)
qed

lemma compact_e_rev: "compact (e\<cdot>x) \<Longrightarrow> compact x"
proof -
  assume "compact (e\<cdot>x)"
  hence "adm (\<lambda>y. \<not> e\<cdot>x \<sqsubseteq> y)" by (rule compactD)
  hence "adm (\<lambda>y. \<not> e\<cdot>x \<sqsubseteq> e\<cdot>y)" by (rule adm_subst [OF cont_Rep_CFun2])
  hence "adm (\<lambda>y. \<not> x \<sqsubseteq> y)" by simp
  thus "compact x" by (rule compactI)
qed

lemma compact_e: "compact x \<Longrightarrow> compact (e\<cdot>x)"
proof -
  assume "compact x"
  hence "adm (\<lambda>y. \<not> x \<sqsubseteq> y)" by (rule compactD)
  hence "adm (\<lambda>y. \<not> x \<sqsubseteq> p\<cdot>y)" by (rule adm_subst [OF cont_Rep_CFun2])
  hence "adm (\<lambda>y. \<not> e\<cdot>x \<sqsubseteq> y)" by (simp add: e_less_iff_less_p)
  thus "compact (e\<cdot>x)" by (rule compactI)
qed

lemma compact_e_iff: "compact (e\<cdot>x) \<longleftrightarrow> compact x"
by (rule iffI [OF compact_e_rev compact_e])

text {* Deflations from ep-pairs *}

lemma deflation_e_p: "deflation (e oo p)"
by (simp add: deflation.intro e_p_less)

lemma deflation_e_d_p:
  includes deflation d
  shows "deflation (e oo d oo p)"
proof
  fix x :: 'b
  show "(e oo d oo p)\<cdot>((e oo d oo p)\<cdot>x) = (e oo d oo p)\<cdot>x"
    by (simp add: idem)
  show "(e oo d oo p)\<cdot>x \<sqsubseteq> x"
    by (simp add: e_less_iff_less_p less)
qed

lemma finite_deflation_e_d_p:
  includes finite_deflation d
  shows "finite_deflation (e oo d oo p)"
proof
  fix x :: 'b
  show "(e oo d oo p)\<cdot>((e oo d oo p)\<cdot>x) = (e oo d oo p)\<cdot>x"
    by (simp add: idem)
  show "(e oo d oo p)\<cdot>x \<sqsubseteq> x"
    by (simp add: e_less_iff_less_p less)
  have "finite ((\<lambda>x. e\<cdot>x) ` (\<lambda>x. d\<cdot>x) ` range (\<lambda>x. p\<cdot>x))"
    by (simp add: finite_image)
  hence "finite (range (\<lambda>x. (e oo d oo p)\<cdot>x))"
    by (simp add: image_image)
  thus "finite {x. (e oo d oo p)\<cdot>x = x}"
    by (rule finite_range_imp_finite_fixes)
qed

lemma deflation_p_d_e:
  includes deflation d
  assumes d: "\<And>x. d\<cdot>x \<sqsubseteq> e\<cdot>(p\<cdot>x)"
  shows "deflation (p oo d oo e)"
 apply (default, simp_all)
  apply (rule antisym_less)
   apply (rule monofun_cfun_arg)
   apply (rule trans_less [OF d])
   apply (simp add: e_p_less)
  apply (rule monofun_cfun_arg)
  apply (rule rev_trans_less)
  apply (rule monofun_cfun_arg)
  apply (rule d)
  apply (simp add: d.idem)
 apply (rule sq_ord_less_eq_trans)
  apply (rule monofun_cfun_arg)
  apply (rule d.less)
 apply (rule e_inverse)
done

lemma finite_deflation_p_d_e:
  includes finite_deflation d
  assumes d: "\<And>x. d\<cdot>x \<sqsubseteq> e\<cdot>(p\<cdot>x)"
  shows "finite_deflation (p oo d oo e)"
 apply (rule finite_deflation.intro)
  apply (rule deflation_p_d_e)
   apply (rule `deflation d`)
  apply (rule d)
 apply (rule finite_deflation_axioms.intro)
 apply (rule finite_range_imp_finite_fixes)
 apply (simp add: range_composition [where f="\<lambda>x. p\<cdot>x"])
 apply (simp add: range_composition [where f="\<lambda>x. d\<cdot>x"])
 apply (simp add: d.finite_image)
done

end

subsection {* Uniqueness of ep-pairs *}

lemma ep_pair_unique_e:
  "\<lbrakk>ep_pair e1 p; ep_pair e2 p\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> e1 = e2"
 apply (rule ext_cfun)
 apply (rule antisym_less)
  apply (subgoal_tac "e1\<cdot>(p\<cdot>(e2\<cdot>x)) \<sqsubseteq> e2\<cdot>x")
   apply (simp add: ep_pair.e_inverse)
  apply (erule ep_pair.e_p_less)
 apply (subgoal_tac "e2\<cdot>(p\<cdot>(e1\<cdot>x)) \<sqsubseteq> e1\<cdot>x")
  apply (simp add: ep_pair.e_inverse)
 apply (erule ep_pair.e_p_less)
done

lemma ep_pair_unique_p:
  "\<lbrakk>ep_pair e p1; ep_pair e p2\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> p1 = p2"
 apply (rule ext_cfun)
 apply (rule antisym_less)
  apply (subgoal_tac "p2\<cdot>(e\<cdot>(p1\<cdot>x)) \<sqsubseteq> p2\<cdot>x")
   apply (simp add: ep_pair.e_inverse)
  apply (rule monofun_cfun_arg)
  apply (erule ep_pair.e_p_less)
 apply (subgoal_tac "p1\<cdot>(e\<cdot>(p2\<cdot>x)) \<sqsubseteq> p1\<cdot>x")
  apply (simp add: ep_pair.e_inverse)
 apply (rule monofun_cfun_arg)
 apply (erule ep_pair.e_p_less)
done

subsection {* Composing ep-pairs *}

lemma ep_pair_ID_ID: "ep_pair ID ID"
by default simp_all

lemma ep_pair_comp:
  "\<lbrakk>ep_pair e1 p1; ep_pair e2 p2\<rbrakk>
    \<Longrightarrow> ep_pair (e2 oo e1) (p1 oo p2)"
 apply (rule ep_pair.intro)
  apply (simp add: ep_pair.e_inverse)
 apply (simp, rule trans_less)
  apply (rule monofun_cfun_arg)
  apply (erule ep_pair.e_p_less)
 apply (erule ep_pair.e_p_less)
done

locale (open) pcpo_ep_pair = ep_pair +
  constrains e :: "'a::pcpo \<rightarrow> 'b::pcpo"
  constrains p :: "'b::pcpo \<rightarrow> 'a::pcpo"
begin

lemma e_strict [simp]: "e\<cdot>\<bottom> = \<bottom>"
proof -
  have "\<bottom> \<sqsubseteq> p\<cdot>\<bottom>" by (rule minimal)
  hence "e\<cdot>\<bottom> \<sqsubseteq> e\<cdot>(p\<cdot>\<bottom>)" by (rule monofun_cfun_arg)
  also have "e\<cdot>(p\<cdot>\<bottom>) \<sqsubseteq> \<bottom>" by (rule e_p_less)
  finally show "e\<cdot>\<bottom> = \<bottom>" by simp
qed

lemma e_defined_iff [simp]: "e\<cdot>x = \<bottom> \<longleftrightarrow> x = \<bottom>"
by (rule e_eq_iff [where y="\<bottom>", unfolded e_strict])

lemma e_defined: "x \<noteq> \<bottom> \<Longrightarrow> e\<cdot>x \<noteq> \<bottom>"
by simp

lemma p_strict [simp]: "p\<cdot>\<bottom> = \<bottom>"
by (rule e_inverse [where x="\<bottom>", unfolded e_strict])

lemmas stricts = e_strict p_strict

end

end