author | wenzelm |
Tue, 20 Oct 2009 19:37:09 +0200 | |
changeset 33026 | 8f35633c4922 |
parent 31758 | src/HOL/Isar_examples/Fibonacci.thy@3edd5f813f01 |
child 37671 | fa53d267dab3 |
permissions | -rw-r--r-- |
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(* Title: HOL/Isar_Examples/Fibonacci.thy |
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Author: Gertrud Bauer |
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Copyright 1999 Technische Universitaet Muenchen |
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The Fibonacci function. Demonstrates the use of recdef. Original |
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tactic script by Lawrence C Paulson. |
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Fibonacci numbers: proofs of laws taken from |
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R. L. Graham, D. E. Knuth, O. Patashnik. |
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Concrete Mathematics. |
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(Addison-Wesley, 1989) |
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*) |
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header {* Fib and Gcd commute *} |
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theory Fibonacci |
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imports Primes |
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begin |
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text_raw {* |
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\footnote{Isar version by Gertrud Bauer. Original tactic script by |
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Larry Paulson. A few proofs of laws taken from |
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\cite{Concrete-Math}.} |
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*} |
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subsection {* Fibonacci numbers *} |
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fun fib :: "nat \<Rightarrow> nat" where |
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"fib 0 = 0" |
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| "fib (Suc 0) = 1" |
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| "fib (Suc (Suc x)) = fib x + fib (Suc x)" |
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lemma [simp]: "0 < fib (Suc n)" |
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by (induct n rule: fib.induct) simp_all |
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text {* Alternative induction rule. *} |
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theorem fib_induct: |
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"P 0 ==> P 1 ==> (!!n. P (n + 1) ==> P n ==> P (n + 2)) ==> P (n::nat)" |
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by (induct rule: fib.induct) simp_all |
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subsection {* Fib and gcd commute *} |
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text {* A few laws taken from \cite{Concrete-Math}. *} |
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lemma fib_add: |
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"fib (n + k + 1) = fib (k + 1) * fib (n + 1) + fib k * fib n" |
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(is "?P n") |
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-- {* see \cite[page 280]{Concrete-Math} *} |
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proof (induct n rule: fib_induct) |
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show "?P 0" by simp |
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show "?P 1" by simp |
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fix n |
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have "fib (n + 2 + k + 1) |
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= fib (n + k + 1) + fib (n + 1 + k + 1)" by simp |
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also assume "fib (n + k + 1) |
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= fib (k + 1) * fib (n + 1) + fib k * fib n" |
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(is " _ = ?R1") |
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also assume "fib (n + 1 + k + 1) |
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= fib (k + 1) * fib (n + 1 + 1) + fib k * fib (n + 1)" |
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(is " _ = ?R2") |
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also have "?R1 + ?R2 |
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= fib (k + 1) * fib (n + 2 + 1) + fib k * fib (n + 2)" |
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by (simp add: add_mult_distrib2) |
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finally show "?P (n + 2)" . |
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qed |
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lemma gcd_fib_Suc_eq_1: "gcd (fib n) (fib (n + 1)) = 1" (is "?P n") |
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proof (induct n rule: fib_induct) |
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show "?P 0" by simp |
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show "?P 1" by simp |
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fix n |
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have "fib (n + 2 + 1) = fib (n + 1) + fib (n + 2)" |
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by simp |
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also have "gcd (fib (n + 2)) ... = gcd (fib (n + 2)) (fib (n + 1))" |
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by (simp only: gcd_add2') |
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also have "... = gcd (fib (n + 1)) (fib (n + 1 + 1))" |
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by (simp add: gcd_commute) |
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also assume "... = 1" |
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finally show "?P (n + 2)" . |
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qed |
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lemma gcd_mult_add: "0 < n ==> gcd (n * k + m) n = gcd m n" |
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proof - |
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assume "0 < n" |
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then have "gcd (n * k + m) n = gcd n (m mod n)" |
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by (simp add: gcd_non_0 add_commute) |
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also from `0 < n` have "... = gcd m n" by (simp add: gcd_non_0) |
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finally show ?thesis . |
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qed |
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lemma gcd_fib_add: "gcd (fib m) (fib (n + m)) = gcd (fib m) (fib n)" |
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proof (cases m) |
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case 0 |
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then show ?thesis by simp |
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next |
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case (Suc k) |
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then have "gcd (fib m) (fib (n + m)) = gcd (fib (n + k + 1)) (fib (k + 1))" |
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by (simp add: gcd_commute) |
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also have "fib (n + k + 1) |
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= fib (k + 1) * fib (n + 1) + fib k * fib n" |
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by (rule fib_add) |
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also have "gcd ... (fib (k + 1)) = gcd (fib k * fib n) (fib (k + 1))" |
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by (simp add: gcd_mult_add) |
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also have "... = gcd (fib n) (fib (k + 1))" |
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by (simp only: gcd_fib_Suc_eq_1 gcd_mult_cancel) |
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also have "... = gcd (fib m) (fib n)" |
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using Suc by (simp add: gcd_commute) |
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finally show ?thesis . |
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qed |
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lemma gcd_fib_diff: |
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assumes "m <= n" |
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shows "gcd (fib m) (fib (n - m)) = gcd (fib m) (fib n)" |
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proof - |
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have "gcd (fib m) (fib (n - m)) = gcd (fib m) (fib (n - m + m))" |
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by (simp add: gcd_fib_add) |
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also from `m <= n` have "n - m + m = n" by simp |
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finally show ?thesis . |
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qed |
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lemma gcd_fib_mod: |
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assumes "0 < m" |
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shows "gcd (fib m) (fib (n mod m)) = gcd (fib m) (fib n)" |
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proof (induct n rule: nat_less_induct) |
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case (1 n) note hyp = this |
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show ?case |
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proof - |
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have "n mod m = (if n < m then n else (n - m) mod m)" |
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by (rule mod_if) |
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also have "gcd (fib m) (fib ...) = gcd (fib m) (fib n)" |
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proof (cases "n < m") |
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case True then show ?thesis by simp |
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next |
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case False then have "m <= n" by simp |
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from `0 < m` and False have "n - m < n" by simp |
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with hyp have "gcd (fib m) (fib ((n - m) mod m)) |
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= gcd (fib m) (fib (n - m))" by simp |
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also have "... = gcd (fib m) (fib n)" |
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using `m <= n` by (rule gcd_fib_diff) |
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finally have "gcd (fib m) (fib ((n - m) mod m)) = |
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gcd (fib m) (fib n)" . |
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with False show ?thesis by simp |
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qed |
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finally show ?thesis . |
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qed |
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qed |
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theorem fib_gcd: "fib (gcd m n) = gcd (fib m) (fib n)" (is "?P m n") |
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proof (induct m n rule: gcd_induct) |
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fix m show "fib (gcd m 0) = gcd (fib m) (fib 0)" by simp |
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fix n :: nat assume n: "0 < n" |
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then have "gcd m n = gcd n (m mod n)" by (rule gcd_non_0) |
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also assume hyp: "fib ... = gcd (fib n) (fib (m mod n))" |
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also from n have "... = gcd (fib n) (fib m)" by (rule gcd_fib_mod) |
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also have "... = gcd (fib m) (fib n)" by (rule gcd_commute) |
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finally show "fib (gcd m n) = gcd (fib m) (fib n)" . |
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qed |
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end |