author | wenzelm |
Mon, 16 Mar 2009 18:24:30 +0100 | |
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permissions | -rw-r--r-- |
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(* Title: HOL/Lambda/Lambda.thy |
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ID: $Id$ |
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Author: Tobias Nipkow |
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Copyright 1995 TU Muenchen |
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*) |
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header {* Basic definitions of Lambda-calculus *} |
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theory Lambda imports Main begin |
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subsection {* Lambda-terms in de Bruijn notation and substitution *} |
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datatype dB = |
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Var nat |
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| App dB dB (infixl "\<degree>" 200) |
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| Abs dB |
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primrec |
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lift :: "[dB, nat] => dB" |
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where |
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"lift (Var i) k = (if i < k then Var i else Var (i + 1))" |
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| "lift (s \<degree> t) k = lift s k \<degree> lift t k" |
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| "lift (Abs s) k = Abs (lift s (k + 1))" |
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primrec |
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subst :: "[dB, dB, nat] => dB" ("_[_'/_]" [300, 0, 0] 300) |
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where (* FIXME base names *) |
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subst_Var: "(Var i)[s/k] = |
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(if k < i then Var (i - 1) else if i = k then s else Var i)" |
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| subst_App: "(t \<degree> u)[s/k] = t[s/k] \<degree> u[s/k]" |
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| subst_Abs: "(Abs t)[s/k] = Abs (t[lift s 0 / k+1])" |
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declare subst_Var [simp del] |
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text {* Optimized versions of @{term subst} and @{term lift}. *} |
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primrec |
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liftn :: "[nat, dB, nat] => dB" |
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where |
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"liftn n (Var i) k = (if i < k then Var i else Var (i + n))" |
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| "liftn n (s \<degree> t) k = liftn n s k \<degree> liftn n t k" |
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| "liftn n (Abs s) k = Abs (liftn n s (k + 1))" |
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primrec |
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substn :: "[dB, dB, nat] => dB" |
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where |
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"substn (Var i) s k = |
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(if k < i then Var (i - 1) else if i = k then liftn k s 0 else Var i)" |
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| "substn (t \<degree> u) s k = substn t s k \<degree> substn u s k" |
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| "substn (Abs t) s k = Abs (substn t s (k + 1))" |
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subsection {* Beta-reduction *} |
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inductive beta :: "[dB, dB] => bool" (infixl "\<rightarrow>\<^sub>\<beta>" 50) |
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where |
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beta [simp, intro!]: "Abs s \<degree> t \<rightarrow>\<^sub>\<beta> s[t/0]" |
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| appL [simp, intro!]: "s \<rightarrow>\<^sub>\<beta> t ==> s \<degree> u \<rightarrow>\<^sub>\<beta> t \<degree> u" |
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| appR [simp, intro!]: "s \<rightarrow>\<^sub>\<beta> t ==> u \<degree> s \<rightarrow>\<^sub>\<beta> u \<degree> t" |
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| abs [simp, intro!]: "s \<rightarrow>\<^sub>\<beta> t ==> Abs s \<rightarrow>\<^sub>\<beta> Abs t" |
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abbreviation |
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beta_reds :: "[dB, dB] => bool" (infixl "->>" 50) where |
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"s ->> t == beta^** s t" |
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notation (latex) |
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beta_reds (infixl "\<rightarrow>\<^sub>\<beta>\<^sup>*" 50) |
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inductive_cases beta_cases [elim!]: |
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"Var i \<rightarrow>\<^sub>\<beta> t" |
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"Abs r \<rightarrow>\<^sub>\<beta> s" |
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"s \<degree> t \<rightarrow>\<^sub>\<beta> u" |
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declare if_not_P [simp] not_less_eq [simp] |
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-- {* don't add @{text "r_into_rtrancl[intro!]"} *} |
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subsection {* Congruence rules *} |
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lemma rtrancl_beta_Abs [intro!]: |
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"s \<rightarrow>\<^sub>\<beta>\<^sup>* s' ==> Abs s \<rightarrow>\<^sub>\<beta>\<^sup>* Abs s'" |
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by (induct set: rtranclp) (blast intro: rtranclp.rtrancl_into_rtrancl)+ |
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lemma rtrancl_beta_AppL: |
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"s \<rightarrow>\<^sub>\<beta>\<^sup>* s' ==> s \<degree> t \<rightarrow>\<^sub>\<beta>\<^sup>* s' \<degree> t" |
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by (induct set: rtranclp) (blast intro: rtranclp.rtrancl_into_rtrancl)+ |
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lemma rtrancl_beta_AppR: |
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"t \<rightarrow>\<^sub>\<beta>\<^sup>* t' ==> s \<degree> t \<rightarrow>\<^sub>\<beta>\<^sup>* s \<degree> t'" |
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by (induct set: rtranclp) (blast intro: rtranclp.rtrancl_into_rtrancl)+ |
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lemma rtrancl_beta_App [intro]: |
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"[| s \<rightarrow>\<^sub>\<beta>\<^sup>* s'; t \<rightarrow>\<^sub>\<beta>\<^sup>* t' |] ==> s \<degree> t \<rightarrow>\<^sub>\<beta>\<^sup>* s' \<degree> t'" |
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by (blast intro!: rtrancl_beta_AppL rtrancl_beta_AppR intro: rtranclp_trans) |
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subsection {* Substitution-lemmas *} |
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lemma subst_eq [simp]: "(Var k)[u/k] = u" |
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by (simp add: subst_Var) |
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lemma subst_gt [simp]: "i < j ==> (Var j)[u/i] = Var (j - 1)" |
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by (simp add: subst_Var) |
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lemma subst_lt [simp]: "j < i ==> (Var j)[u/i] = Var j" |
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by (simp add: subst_Var) |
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lemma lift_lift: |
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"i < k + 1 \<Longrightarrow> lift (lift t i) (Suc k) = lift (lift t k) i" |
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by (induct t arbitrary: i k) auto |
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lemma lift_subst [simp]: |
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"j < i + 1 \<Longrightarrow> lift (t[s/j]) i = (lift t (i + 1)) [lift s i / j]" |
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by (induct t arbitrary: i j s) |
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(simp_all add: diff_Suc subst_Var lift_lift split: nat.split) |
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lemma lift_subst_lt: |
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"i < j + 1 \<Longrightarrow> lift (t[s/j]) i = (lift t i) [lift s i / j + 1]" |
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by (induct t arbitrary: i j s) (simp_all add: subst_Var lift_lift) |
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lemma subst_lift [simp]: |
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"(lift t k)[s/k] = t" |
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by (induct t arbitrary: k s) simp_all |
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lemma subst_subst: |
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"i < j + 1 \<Longrightarrow> t[lift v i / Suc j][u[v/j]/i] = t[u/i][v/j]" |
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by (induct t arbitrary: i j u v) |
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(simp_all add: diff_Suc subst_Var lift_lift [symmetric] lift_subst_lt |
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split: nat.split) |
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subsection {* Equivalence proof for optimized substitution *} |
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lemma liftn_0 [simp]: "liftn 0 t k = t" |
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by (induct t arbitrary: k) (simp_all add: subst_Var) |
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lemma liftn_lift [simp]: "liftn (Suc n) t k = lift (liftn n t k) k" |
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by (induct t arbitrary: k) (simp_all add: subst_Var) |
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lemma substn_subst_n [simp]: "substn t s n = t[liftn n s 0 / n]" |
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by (induct t arbitrary: n) (simp_all add: subst_Var) |
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theorem substn_subst_0: "substn t s 0 = t[s/0]" |
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by simp |
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subsection {* Preservation theorems *} |
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text {* Not used in Church-Rosser proof, but in Strong |
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Normalization. \medskip *} |
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theorem subst_preserves_beta [simp]: |
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"r \<rightarrow>\<^sub>\<beta> s ==> r[t/i] \<rightarrow>\<^sub>\<beta> s[t/i]" |
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by (induct arbitrary: t i set: beta) (simp_all add: subst_subst [symmetric]) |
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theorem subst_preserves_beta': "r \<rightarrow>\<^sub>\<beta>\<^sup>* s ==> r[t/i] \<rightarrow>\<^sub>\<beta>\<^sup>* s[t/i]" |
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apply (induct set: rtranclp) |
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apply (rule rtranclp.rtrancl_refl) |
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apply (erule rtranclp.rtrancl_into_rtrancl) |
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apply (erule subst_preserves_beta) |
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done |
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theorem lift_preserves_beta [simp]: |
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"r \<rightarrow>\<^sub>\<beta> s ==> lift r i \<rightarrow>\<^sub>\<beta> lift s i" |
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by (induct arbitrary: i set: beta) auto |
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theorem lift_preserves_beta': "r \<rightarrow>\<^sub>\<beta>\<^sup>* s ==> lift r i \<rightarrow>\<^sub>\<beta>\<^sup>* lift s i" |
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apply (induct set: rtranclp) |
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apply (rule rtranclp.rtrancl_refl) |
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apply (erule rtranclp.rtrancl_into_rtrancl) |
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apply (erule lift_preserves_beta) |
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done |
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theorem subst_preserves_beta2 [simp]: "r \<rightarrow>\<^sub>\<beta> s ==> t[r/i] \<rightarrow>\<^sub>\<beta>\<^sup>* t[s/i]" |
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apply (induct t arbitrary: r s i) |
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apply (simp add: subst_Var r_into_rtranclp) |
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apply (simp add: rtrancl_beta_App) |
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apply (simp add: rtrancl_beta_Abs) |
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done |
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theorem subst_preserves_beta2': "r \<rightarrow>\<^sub>\<beta>\<^sup>* s ==> t[r/i] \<rightarrow>\<^sub>\<beta>\<^sup>* t[s/i]" |
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apply (induct set: rtranclp) |
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apply (rule rtranclp.rtrancl_refl) |
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apply (erule rtranclp_trans) |
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apply (erule subst_preserves_beta2) |
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done |
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end |