src/Doc/System/Sessions.thy

added "isabelle sessions" tool;

(*:maxLineLen=78:*)

theory Sessions
imports Base
begin

chapter \<open>Isabelle sessions and build management \label{ch:session}\<close>

text \<open>
  An Isabelle \<^emph>\<open>session\<close> consists of a collection of related theories that may
  be associated with formal documents (\chref{ch:present}). There is also a
  notion of \<^emph>\<open>persistent heap\<close> image to capture the state of a session,
  similar to object-code in compiled programming languages. Thus the concept
  of session resembles that of a ``project'' in common IDE environments, but
  the specific name emphasizes the connection to interactive theorem proving:
  the session wraps-up the results of user-interaction with the prover in a
  persistent form.

  Application sessions are built on a given parent session, which may be built
  recursively on other parents. Following this path in the hierarchy
  eventually leads to some major object-logic session like \<open>HOL\<close>, which itself
  is based on \<open>Pure\<close> as the common root of all sessions.

  Processing sessions may take considerable time. Isabelle build management
  helps to organize this efficiently. This includes support for parallel build
  jobs, in addition to the multithreaded theory and proof checking that is
  already provided by the prover process itself.
\<close>


section \<open>Session ROOT specifications \label{sec:session-root}\<close>

text \<open>
  Session specifications reside in files called \<^verbatim>\<open>ROOT\<close> within certain
  directories, such as the home locations of registered Isabelle components or
  additional project directories given by the user.

  The ROOT file format follows the lexical conventions of the \<^emph>\<open>outer syntax\<close>
  of Isabelle/Isar, see also @{cite "isabelle-isar-ref"}. This defines common
  forms like identifiers, names, quoted strings, verbatim text, nested
  comments etc. The grammar for @{syntax session_chapter} and @{syntax
  session_entry} is given as syntax diagram below; each ROOT file may contain
  multiple specifications like this. Chapters help to organize browser info
  (\secref{sec:info}), but have no formal meaning. The default chapter is
  ``\<open>Unsorted\<close>''.

  Isabelle/jEdit @{cite "isabelle-jedit"} includes a simple editing mode
  \<^verbatim>\<open>isabelle-root\<close> for session ROOT files, which is enabled by default for any
  file of that name.

  \<^rail>\<open>
    @{syntax_def session_chapter}: @'chapter' @{syntax name}
    ;

    @{syntax_def session_entry}: @'session' @{syntax system_name} groups? dir? '=' \<newline>
      (@{syntax system_name} '+')? description? options? \<newline>
      sessions? directories? (theories*) \<newline>
      (document_files*) (export_files*)
    ;
    groups: '(' (@{syntax name} +) ')'
    ;
    dir: @'in' @{syntax embedded}
    ;
    description: @'description' @{syntax text}
    ;
    options: @'options' opts
    ;
    opts: '[' ( (@{syntax name} '=' value | @{syntax name}) + ',' ) ']'
    ;
    value: @{syntax name} | @{syntax real}
    ;
    sessions: @'sessions' (@{syntax system_name}+)
    ;
    directories: @'directories' (dir+)
    ;
    theories: @'theories' opts? (theory_entry+)
    ;
    theory_entry: @{syntax system_name} ('(' @'global' ')')?
    ;
    document_files: @'document_files' ('(' dir ')')? (@{syntax embedded}+)
    ;
    export_files: @'export_files' ('(' dir ')')? ('[' nat ']')? \<newline>
      (@{syntax embedded}+)
  \<close>

  \<^descr> \isakeyword{session}~\<open>A = B + body\<close> defines a new session \<open>A\<close> based on
  parent session \<open>B\<close>, with its content given in \<open>body\<close> (imported sessions and
  theories). Note that a parent (like \<open>HOL\<close>) is mandatory in practical
  applications: only Isabelle/Pure can bootstrap itself from nothing.

  All such session specifications together describe a hierarchy (graph) of
  sessions, with globally unique names. The new session name \<open>A\<close> should be
  sufficiently long and descriptive to stand on its own in a potentially large
  library.

  \<^descr> \isakeyword{session}~\<open>A (groups)\<close> indicates a collection of groups where
  the new session is a member. Group names are uninterpreted and merely follow
  certain conventions. For example, the Isabelle distribution tags some
  important sessions by the group name called ``\<open>main\<close>''. Other projects may
  invent their own conventions, but this requires some care to avoid clashes
  within this unchecked name space.

  \<^descr> \isakeyword{session}~\<open>A\<close>~\isakeyword{in}~\<open>dir\<close> specifies an explicit
  directory for this session; by default this is the current directory of the
  \<^verbatim>\<open>ROOT\<close> file.

  All theory files are located relatively to the session directory. The prover
  process is run within the same as its current working directory.

  \<^descr> \isakeyword{description}~\<open>text\<close> is a free-form annotation for this
  session.

  \<^descr> \isakeyword{options}~\<open>[x = a, y = b, z]\<close> defines separate options
  (\secref{sec:system-options}) that are used when processing this session,
  but \<^emph>\<open>without\<close> propagation to child sessions. Note that \<open>z\<close> abbreviates \<open>z =
  true\<close> for Boolean options.

  \<^descr> \isakeyword{sessions}~\<open>names\<close> specifies sessions that are \<^emph>\<open>imported\<close> into
  the current name space of theories. This allows to refer to a theory \<open>A\<close>
  from session \<open>B\<close> by the qualified name \<open>B.A\<close> --- although it is loaded again
  into the current ML process, which is in contrast to a theory that is
  already present in the \<^emph>\<open>parent\<close> session.

  Theories that are imported from other sessions are excluded from the current
  session document.

  \<^descr> \isakeyword{directories}~\<open>dirs\<close> specifies additional directories for
  import of theory files via \isakeyword{theories} within \<^verbatim>\<open>ROOT\<close> or
  \<^theory_text>\<open>imports\<close> within a theory; \<open>dirs\<close> are relative to the main session
  directory (cf.\ \isakeyword{session} \dots \isakeyword{in}~\<open>dir\<close>). These
  directories need to be exclusively assigned to a unique session, without
  implicit sharing of file-system locations.

  \<^descr> \isakeyword{theories}~\<open>options names\<close> specifies a block of theories that
  are processed within an environment that is augmented by the given options,
  in addition to the global session options given before. Any number of blocks
  of \isakeyword{theories} may be given. Options are only active for each
  \isakeyword{theories} block separately.

  A theory name that is followed by \<open>(\<close>\isakeyword{global}\<open>)\<close> is treated
  literally in other session specifications or theory imports --- the normal
  situation is to qualify theory names by the session name; this ensures
  globally unique names in big session graphs. Global theories are usually the
  entry points to major logic sessions: \<open>Pure\<close>, \<open>Main\<close>, \<open>Complex_Main\<close>,
  \<open>HOLCF\<close>, \<open>IFOL\<close>, \<open>FOL\<close>, \<open>ZF\<close>, \<open>ZFC\<close> etc. Regular Isabelle applications
  should not claim any global theory names.

  \<^descr> \isakeyword{document_files}~\<open>(\<close>\isakeyword{in}~\<open>base_dir) files\<close> lists
  source files for document preparation, typically \<^verbatim>\<open>.tex\<close> and \<^verbatim>\<open>.sty\<close> for
  {\LaTeX}. Only these explicitly given files are copied from the base
  directory to the document output directory, before formal document
  processing is started (see also \secref{sec:tool-document}). The local path
  structure of the \<open>files\<close> is preserved, which allows to reconstruct the
  original directory hierarchy of \<open>base_dir\<close>. The default \<open>base_dir\<close> is
  \<^verbatim>\<open>document\<close> within the session root directory.

  \<^descr> \isakeyword{export_files}~\<open>(\<close>\isakeyword{in}~\<open>target_dir) [number]
  patterns\<close> specifies theory exports that may get written to the file-system,
  e.g. via @{tool_ref build} with option \<^verbatim>\<open>-e\<close> (\secref{sec:tool-build}). The
  \<open>target_dir\<close> specification is relative to the session root directory; its
  default is \<^verbatim>\<open>export\<close>. Exports are selected via \<open>patterns\<close> as in @{tool_ref
  export} (\secref{sec:tool-export}). The number given in brackets (default:
  0) specifies elements that should be pruned from each name: it allows to
  reduce the resulting directory hierarchy at the danger of overwriting files
  due to loss of uniqueness.
\<close>


subsubsection \<open>Examples\<close>

text \<open>
  See \<^file>\<open>~~/src/HOL/ROOT\<close> for a diversity of practically relevant situations,
  although it uses relatively complex quasi-hierarchic naming conventions like
  \<^verbatim>\<open>HOL-SPARK\<close>, \<^verbatim>\<open>HOL-SPARK-Examples\<close>. An alternative is to use unqualified
  names that are relatively long and descriptive, as in the Archive of Formal
  Proofs (\<^url>\<open>https://isa-afp.org\<close>), for example.
\<close>


section \<open>System build options \label{sec:system-options}\<close>

text \<open>
  See \<^file>\<open>~~/etc/options\<close> for the main defaults provided by the Isabelle
  distribution. Isabelle/jEdit @{cite "isabelle-jedit"} includes a simple
  editing mode \<^verbatim>\<open>isabelle-options\<close> for this file-format.

  The following options are particularly relevant to build Isabelle sessions,
  in particular with document preparation (\chref{ch:present}).

    \<^item> @{system_option_def "browser_info"} controls output of HTML browser
    info, see also \secref{sec:info}.

    \<^item> @{system_option_def "document"} specifies the document output format,
    see @{tool document} option \<^verbatim>\<open>-o\<close> in \secref{sec:tool-document}. In
    practice, the most relevant values are \<^verbatim>\<open>document=false\<close> or
    \<^verbatim>\<open>document=pdf\<close>.

    \<^item> @{system_option_def "document_output"} specifies an alternative
    directory for generated output of the document preparation system; the
    default is within the @{setting "ISABELLE_BROWSER_INFO"} hierarchy as
    explained in \secref{sec:info}. See also @{tool mkroot}, which generates a
    default configuration with output readily available to the author of the
    document.

    \<^item> @{system_option_def "document_variants"} specifies document variants as
    a colon-separated list of \<open>name=tags\<close> entries, corresponding to @{tool
    document} options \<^verbatim>\<open>-n\<close> and \<^verbatim>\<open>-t\<close>.

    For example, \<^verbatim>\<open>document_variants=document:outline=/proof,/ML\<close> indicates
    two documents: the one called \<^verbatim>\<open>document\<close> with default tags, and the other
    called \<^verbatim>\<open>outline\<close> where proofs and ML sections are folded.

    Document variant names are just a matter of conventions. It is also
    possible to use different document variant names (without tags) for
    different document root entries, see also \secref{sec:tool-document}.

    \<^item> @{system_option_def "document_tags"} specifies alternative command tags
    as a comma-separated list of items: either ``\<open>command\<close>\<^verbatim>\<open>%\<close>\<open>tag\<close>'' for a
    specific command, or ``\<^verbatim>\<open>%\<close>\<open>tag\<close>'' as default for all other commands. This
    is occasionally useful to control the global visibility of commands via
    session options (e.g.\ in \<^verbatim>\<open>ROOT\<close>).

    \<^item> @{system_option_def "threads"} determines the number of worker threads
    for parallel checking of theories and proofs. The default \<open>0\<close> means that a
    sensible maximum value is determined by the underlying hardware. For
    machines with many cores or with hyperthreading, this is often requires
    manual adjustment (on the command-line or within personal settings or
    preferences, not within a session \<^verbatim>\<open>ROOT\<close>).

    \<^item> @{system_option_def "condition"} specifies a comma-separated list of
    process environment variables (or Isabelle settings) that are required for
    the subsequent theories to be processed. Conditions are considered
    ``true'' if the corresponding environment value is defined and non-empty.

    \<^item> @{system_option_def "timeout"} and @{system_option_def "timeout_scale"}
    specify a real wall-clock timeout for the session as a whole: the two
    values are multiplied and taken as the number of seconds. Typically,
    @{system_option "timeout"} is given for individual sessions, and
    @{system_option "timeout_scale"} as global adjustment to overall hardware
    performance.

    The timer is controlled outside the ML process by the JVM that runs
    Isabelle/Scala. Thus it is relatively reliable in canceling processes that
    get out of control, even if there is a deadlock without CPU time usage.

    \<^item> @{system_option_def "profiling"} specifies a mode for global ML
    profiling. Possible values are the empty string (disabled), \<^verbatim>\<open>time\<close> for
    \<^ML>\<open>profile_time\<close> and \<^verbatim>\<open>allocations\<close> for \<^ML>\<open>profile_allocations\<close>.
    Results appear near the bottom of the session log file.

    \<^item> @{system_option_def "system_heaps"} determines the directories for
    session heap images: \<^path>\<open>$ISABELLE_HEAPS\<close> is the user directory and
    \<^path>\<open>$ISABELLE_HEAPS_SYSTEM\<close> the system directory (usually within the
    Isabelle application). For \<^verbatim>\<open>system_heaps=false\<close>, heaps are stored in the
    user directory and may be loaded from both directories. For
    \<^verbatim>\<open>system_heaps=true\<close>, store and load happens only in the system directory.

  The @{tool_def options} tool prints Isabelle system options. Its
  command-line usage is:
  @{verbatim [display]
\<open>Usage: isabelle options [OPTIONS] [MORE_OPTIONS ...]

  Options are:
    -b           include $ISABELLE_BUILD_OPTIONS
    -g OPTION    get value of OPTION
    -l           list options
    -x FILE      export to FILE in YXML format

  Report Isabelle system options, augmented by MORE_OPTIONS given as
  arguments NAME=VAL or NAME.\<close>}

  The command line arguments provide additional system options of the form
  \<open>name\<close>\<^verbatim>\<open>=\<close>\<open>value\<close> or \<open>name\<close> for Boolean options.

  Option \<^verbatim>\<open>-b\<close> augments the implicit environment of system options by the ones
  of @{setting ISABELLE_BUILD_OPTIONS}, cf.\ \secref{sec:tool-build}.

  Option \<^verbatim>\<open>-g\<close> prints the value of the given option. Option \<^verbatim>\<open>-l\<close> lists all
  options with their declaration and current value.

  Option \<^verbatim>\<open>-x\<close> specifies a file to export the result in YXML format, instead
  of printing it in human-readable form.
\<close>


section \<open>Invoking the build process \label{sec:tool-build}\<close>

text \<open>
  The @{tool_def build} tool invokes the build process for Isabelle sessions.
  It manages dependencies between sessions, related sources of theories and
  auxiliary files, and target heap images. Accordingly, it runs instances of
  the prover process with optional document preparation. Its command-line
  usage is:\<^footnote>\<open>Isabelle/Scala provides the same functionality via
  \<^verbatim>\<open>isabelle.Build.build\<close>.\<close>
  @{verbatim [display]
\<open>Usage: isabelle build [OPTIONS] [SESSIONS ...]

  Options are:
    -B NAME      include session NAME and all descendants
    -D DIR       include session directory and select its sessions
    -N           cyclic shuffling of NUMA CPU nodes (performance tuning)
    -R           refer to requirements of selected sessions
    -S           soft build: only observe changes of sources, not heap images
    -X NAME      exclude sessions from group NAME and all descendants
    -a           select all sessions
    -b           build heap images
    -c           clean build
    -d DIR       include session directory
    -e           export files from session specification into file-system
    -f           fresh build
    -g NAME      select session group NAME
    -j INT       maximum number of parallel jobs (default 1)
    -k KEYWORD   check theory sources for conflicts with proposed keywords
    -l           list session source files
    -n           no build -- test dependencies only
    -o OPTION    override Isabelle system OPTION (via NAME=VAL or NAME)
    -v           verbose
    -x NAME      exclude session NAME and all descendants

  Build and manage Isabelle sessions, depending on implicit settings:

  ISABELLE_BUILD_OPTIONS="..."

  ML_PLATFORM="..."
  ML_HOME="..."
  ML_SYSTEM="..."
  ML_OPTIONS="..."\<close>}

  \<^medskip>
  Isabelle sessions are defined via session ROOT files as described in
  (\secref{sec:session-root}). The totality of sessions is determined by
  collecting such specifications from all Isabelle component directories
  (\secref{sec:components}), augmented by more directories given via options
  \<^verbatim>\<open>-d\<close>~\<open>DIR\<close> on the command line. Each such directory may contain a session
  \<^verbatim>\<open>ROOT\<close> file with several session specifications.

  Any session root directory may refer recursively to further directories of
  the same kind, by listing them in a catalog file \<^verbatim>\<open>ROOTS\<close> line-by-line. This
  helps to organize large collections of session specifications, or to make
  \<^verbatim>\<open>-d\<close> command line options persistent (e.g.\ in
  \<^verbatim>\<open>$ISABELLE_HOME_USER/ROOTS\<close>).

  \<^medskip>
  The subset of sessions to be managed is determined via individual \<open>SESSIONS\<close>
  given as command-line arguments, or session groups that are given via one or
  more options \<^verbatim>\<open>-g\<close>~\<open>NAME\<close>. Option \<^verbatim>\<open>-a\<close> selects all sessions. The build tool
  takes session dependencies into account: the set of selected sessions is
  completed by including all ancestors.

  \<^medskip>
  One or more options \<^verbatim>\<open>-B\<close>~\<open>NAME\<close> specify base sessions to be included (all
  descendants wrt.\ the session parent or import graph).

  \<^medskip>
  One or more options \<^verbatim>\<open>-x\<close>~\<open>NAME\<close> specify sessions to be excluded (all
  descendants wrt.\ the session parent or import graph). Option \<^verbatim>\<open>-X\<close> is
  analogous to this, but excluded sessions are specified by session group
  membership.

  \<^medskip>
  Option \<^verbatim>\<open>-R\<close> reverses the selection in the sense that it refers to its
  requirements: all ancestor sessions excluding the original selection. This
  allows to prepare the stage for some build process with different options,
  before running the main build itself (without option \<^verbatim>\<open>-R\<close>).

  \<^medskip>
  Option \<^verbatim>\<open>-D\<close> is similar to \<^verbatim>\<open>-d\<close>, but selects all sessions that are defined
  in the given directories.

  \<^medskip>
  Option \<^verbatim>\<open>-S\<close> indicates a ``soft build'': the selection is restricted to
  those sessions that have changed sources (according to actually imported
  theories). The status of heap images is ignored.

  \<^medskip>
  The build process depends on additional options
  (\secref{sec:system-options}) that are passed to the prover eventually. The
  settings variable @{setting_ref ISABELLE_BUILD_OPTIONS} allows to provide
  additional defaults, e.g.\ \<^verbatim>\<open>ISABELLE_BUILD_OPTIONS="document=pdf threads=4"\<close>.
  Moreover, the environment of system build options may be augmented on the
  command line via \<^verbatim>\<open>-o\<close>~\<open>name\<close>\<^verbatim>\<open>=\<close>\<open>value\<close> or \<^verbatim>\<open>-o\<close>~\<open>name\<close>, which abbreviates
  \<^verbatim>\<open>-o\<close>~\<open>name\<close>\<^verbatim>\<open>=true\<close> for Boolean options. Multiple occurrences of \<^verbatim>\<open>-o\<close> on
  the command-line are applied in the given order.

  \<^medskip>
  Option \<^verbatim>\<open>-b\<close> ensures that heap images are produced for all selected
  sessions. By default, images are only saved for inner nodes of the hierarchy
  of sessions, as required for other sessions to continue later on.

  \<^medskip>
  Option \<^verbatim>\<open>-c\<close> cleans the selected sessions (all descendants wrt.\ the session
  parent or import graph) before performing the specified build operation.

  \<^medskip>
  Option \<^verbatim>\<open>-e\<close> executes the \isakeyword{export_files} directives from the ROOT
  specification of all explicitly selected sessions: the status of the session
  build database needs to be OK, but the session could have been built
  earlier. Using \isakeyword{export_files}, a session may serve as abstract
  interface for add-on build artefacts, but these are only materialized on
  explicit request: without option \<^verbatim>\<open>-e\<close> there is no effect on the physical
  file-system yet.

  \<^medskip>
  Option \<^verbatim>\<open>-f\<close> forces a fresh build of all selected sessions and their
  requirements.

  \<^medskip>
  Option \<^verbatim>\<open>-n\<close> omits the actual build process after the preparatory stage
  (including optional cleanup). Note that the return code always indicates the
  status of the set of selected sessions.

  \<^medskip>
  Option \<^verbatim>\<open>-j\<close> specifies the maximum number of parallel build jobs (prover
  processes). Each prover process is subject to a separate limit of parallel
  worker threads, cf.\ system option @{system_option_ref threads}.

  \<^medskip>
  Option \<^verbatim>\<open>-N\<close> enables cyclic shuffling of NUMA CPU nodes. This may help
  performance tuning on Linux servers with separate CPU/memory modules.

  \<^medskip>
  Option \<^verbatim>\<open>-v\<close> increases the general level of verbosity. Option \<^verbatim>\<open>-l\<close> lists
  the source files that contribute to a session.

  \<^medskip>
  Option \<^verbatim>\<open>-k\<close> specifies a newly proposed keyword for outer syntax (multiple
  uses allowed). The theory sources are checked for conflicts wrt.\ this
  hypothetical change of syntax, e.g.\ to reveal occurrences of identifiers
  that need to be quoted.
\<close>


subsubsection \<open>Examples\<close>

text \<open>
  Build a specific logic image:
  @{verbatim [display] \<open>isabelle build -b HOLCF\<close>}

  \<^smallskip>
  Build the main group of logic images:
  @{verbatim [display] \<open>isabelle build -b -g main\<close>}

  \<^smallskip>
  Build all descendants (and requirements) of \<^verbatim>\<open>FOL\<close> and \<^verbatim>\<open>ZF\<close>:
  @{verbatim [display] \<open>isabelle build -B FOL -B ZF\<close>}

  \<^smallskip>
  Build all sessions where sources have changed (ignoring heaps):
  @{verbatim [display] \<open>isabelle build -a -S\<close>}

  \<^smallskip>
  Provide a general overview of the status of all Isabelle sessions, without
  building anything:
  @{verbatim [display] \<open>isabelle build -a -n -v\<close>}

  \<^smallskip>
  Build all sessions with HTML browser info and PDF document preparation:
  @{verbatim [display] \<open>isabelle build -a -o browser_info -o document=pdf\<close>}

  \<^smallskip>
  Build all sessions with a maximum of 8 parallel prover processes and 4
  worker threads each (on a machine with many cores):
  @{verbatim [display] \<open>isabelle build -a -j8 -o threads=4\<close>}

  \<^smallskip>
  Build some session images with cleanup of their descendants, while retaining
  their ancestry:
  @{verbatim [display] \<open>isabelle build -b -c HOL-Algebra HOL-Word\<close>}

  \<^smallskip>
  Clean all sessions without building anything:
  @{verbatim [display] \<open>isabelle build -a -n -c\<close>}

  \<^smallskip>
  Build all sessions from some other directory hierarchy, according to the
  settings variable \<^verbatim>\<open>AFP\<close> that happens to be defined inside the Isabelle
  environment:
  @{verbatim [display] \<open>isabelle build -D '$AFP'\<close>}

  \<^smallskip>
  Inform about the status of all sessions required for AFP, without building
  anything yet:
  @{verbatim [display] \<open>isabelle build -D '$AFP' -R -v -n\<close>}
\<close>


section \<open>Retrieve theory exports \label{sec:tool-export}\<close>

text \<open>
  The @{tool_def "export"} tool retrieves theory exports from the session
  database. Its command-line usage is: @{verbatim [display]
\<open>Usage: isabelle export [OPTIONS] SESSION

  Options are:
    -O DIR       output directory for exported files (default: "export")
    -d DIR       include session directory
    -l           list exports
    -n           no build of session
    -o OPTION    override Isabelle system OPTION (via NAME=VAL or NAME)
    -p NUM       prune path of exported files by NUM elements
    -x PATTERN   extract files matching pattern (e.g.\ "*:**" for all)

  List or export theory exports for SESSION: named blobs produced by
  isabelle build. Option -l or -x is required; option -x may be repeated.

  The PATTERN language resembles glob patterns in the shell, with ? and *
  (both excluding ":" and "/"), ** (excluding ":"), and [abc] or [^abc],
  and variants {pattern1,pattern2,pattern3}.\<close>}

  \<^medskip>
  The specified session is updated via @{tool build}
  (\secref{sec:tool-build}), with the same options \<^verbatim>\<open>-d\<close>, \<^verbatim>\<open>-o\<close>. The option
  \<^verbatim>\<open>-n\<close> suppresses the implicit build process: it means that a potentially
  outdated session database is used!

  \<^medskip>
  Option \<^verbatim>\<open>-l\<close> lists all stored exports, with compound names
  \<open>theory\<close>\<^verbatim>\<open>:\<close>\<open>name\<close>.

  \<^medskip>
  Option \<^verbatim>\<open>-x\<close> extracts stored exports whose compound name matches the given
  pattern. Note that wild cards ``\<^verbatim>\<open>?\<close>'' and ``\<^verbatim>\<open>*\<close>'' do not match the
  separators ``\<^verbatim>\<open>:\<close>'' and ``\<^verbatim>\<open>/\<close>''; the wild card \<^verbatim>\<open>**\<close> matches over directory
  name hierarchies separated by ``\<^verbatim>\<open>/\<close>''. Thus the pattern ``\<^verbatim>\<open>*:**\<close>'' matches
  \<^emph>\<open>all\<close> theory exports. Multiple options \<^verbatim>\<open>-x\<close> refer to the union of all
  specified patterns.

  Option \<^verbatim>\<open>-O\<close> specifies an alternative output directory for option \<^verbatim>\<open>-x\<close>: the
  default is \<^verbatim>\<open>export\<close> within the current directory. Each theory creates its
  own sub-directory hierarchy, using the session-qualified theory name.

  Option \<^verbatim>\<open>-p\<close> specifies the number of elements that should be pruned from
  each name: it allows to reduce the resulting directory hierarchy at the
  danger of overwriting files due to loss of uniqueness.
\<close>


section \<open>Dump PIDE session database \label{sec:tool-dump}\<close>

text \<open>
  The @{tool_def "dump"} tool dumps information from the cumulative PIDE
  session database (which is processed on the spot). Its command-line usage
  is: @{verbatim [display]
\<open>Usage: isabelle dump [OPTIONS] [SESSIONS ...]

  Options are:
    -A NAMES     dump named aspects (default: ...)
    -B NAME      include session NAME and all descendants
    -D DIR       include session directory and select its sessions
    -O DIR       output directory for dumped files (default: "dump")
    -R           refer to requirements of selected sessions
    -X NAME      exclude sessions from group NAME and all descendants
    -a           select all sessions
    -b NAME      base logic image (default "Pure")
    -d DIR       include session directory
    -g NAME      select session group NAME
    -o OPTION    override Isabelle system OPTION (via NAME=VAL or NAME)
    -v           verbose
    -x NAME      exclude session NAME and all descendants

  Dump cumulative PIDE session database, with the following aspects:
    ...\<close>}

  \<^medskip> Options \<^verbatim>\<open>-B\<close>, \<^verbatim>\<open>-D\<close>, \<^verbatim>\<open>-R\<close>, \<^verbatim>\<open>-X\<close>, \<^verbatim>\<open>-a\<close>, \<^verbatim>\<open>-d\<close>, \<^verbatim>\<open>-g\<close>, \<^verbatim>\<open>-x\<close> and the
  remaining command-line arguments specify sessions as in @{tool build}
  (\secref{sec:tool-build}): the cumulative PIDE database of all their loaded
  theories is dumped to the output directory of option \<^verbatim>\<open>-O\<close> (default: \<^verbatim>\<open>dump\<close>
  in the current directory).

  \<^medskip> Option \<^verbatim>\<open>-b\<close> specifies an optional base logic image, for improved
  scalability of the PIDE session. Its theories are only processed if it is
  included in the overall session selection.

  \<^medskip> Option \<^verbatim>\<open>-o\<close> overrides Isabelle system options as for @{tool build}
  (\secref{sec:tool-build}).

  \<^medskip> Option \<^verbatim>\<open>-v\<close> increases the general level of verbosity.

  \<^medskip> Option \<^verbatim>\<open>-A\<close> specifies named aspects of the dump, as a comma-separated
  list. The default is to dump all known aspects, as given in the command-line
  usage of the tool. The underlying Isabelle/Scala function
  \<^verbatim>\<open>isabelle.Dump.dump()\<close> takes aspects as user-defined operations on the
  final PIDE state and document version. This allows to imitate Prover IDE
  rendering under program control.
\<close>


subsubsection \<open>Examples\<close>

text \<open>
  Dump all Isabelle/ZF sessions (which are rather small):
  @{verbatim [display] \<open>isabelle dump -v -B ZF\<close>}

  \<^smallskip>
  Dump the quite substantial \<^verbatim>\<open>HOL-Analysis\<close> session, with full bootstrap
  from Isabelle/Pure:
  @{verbatim [display] \<open>isabelle dump -v HOL-Analysis\<close>}

  \<^smallskip>
  Dump all sessions connected to HOL-Analysis, using main Isabelle/HOL as
  basis:
  @{verbatim [display] \<open>isabelle dump -v -b HOL -B HOL-Analysis\<close>}

  This results in uniform PIDE markup for everything, except for the
  Isabelle/Pure bootstrap process itself. Producing that on the spot requires
  several GB of heap space, both for the Isabelle/Scala and Isabelle/ML
  process (in 64bit mode). Here are some relevant settings (\secref{sec:boot})
  for such ambitious applications:
  @{verbatim [display]
\<open>ISABELLE_TOOL_JAVA_OPTIONS="-Xms4g -Xmx32g -Xss16m"
ML_OPTIONS="--minheap 4G --maxheap 32G"
\<close>}
\<close>


section \<open>Update theory sources based on PIDE markup \label{sec:tool-update}\<close>

text \<open>
  The @{tool_def "update"} tool updates theory sources based on markup that is
  produced from a running PIDE session (similar to @{tool dump}
  \secref{sec:tool-dump}). Its command-line usage is: @{verbatim [display]
\<open>Usage: isabelle update [OPTIONS] [SESSIONS ...]

  Options are:
    -B NAME      include session NAME and all descendants
    -D DIR       include session directory and select its sessions
    -R           refer to requirements of selected sessions
    -X NAME      exclude sessions from group NAME and all descendants
    -a           select all sessions
    -b NAME      base logic image (default "Pure")
    -d DIR       include session directory
    -g NAME      select session group NAME
    -o OPTION    override Isabelle system OPTION (via NAME=VAL or NAME)
    -u OPT       overide update option: shortcut for "-o update_OPT"
    -v           verbose
    -x NAME      exclude session NAME and all descendants

  Update theory sources based on PIDE markup.\<close>}

  \<^medskip> Options \<^verbatim>\<open>-B\<close>, \<^verbatim>\<open>-D\<close>, \<^verbatim>\<open>-R\<close>, \<^verbatim>\<open>-X\<close>, \<^verbatim>\<open>-a\<close>, \<^verbatim>\<open>-d\<close>, \<^verbatim>\<open>-g\<close>, \<^verbatim>\<open>-x\<close> and the
  remaining command-line arguments specify sessions as in @{tool build}
  (\secref{sec:tool-build}) or @{tool dump} (\secref{sec:tool-dump}).

  \<^medskip> Option \<^verbatim>\<open>-b\<close> specifies an optional base logic image, for improved
  scalability of the PIDE session. Its theories are only processed if it is
  included in the overall session selection.

  \<^medskip> Option \<^verbatim>\<open>-v\<close> increases the general level of verbosity.

  \<^medskip> Option \<^verbatim>\<open>-o\<close> overrides Isabelle system options as for @{tool build}
  (\secref{sec:tool-build}). Option \<^verbatim>\<open>-u\<close> refers to specific \<^verbatim>\<open>update\<close>
  options, by relying on naming convention: ``\<^verbatim>\<open>-u\<close>~\<open>OPT\<close>'' is a shortcut for
  ``\<^verbatim>\<open>-o\<close>~\<^verbatim>\<open>update_\<close>\<open>OPT\<close>''.

  \<^medskip> The following update options are supported:

    \<^item> @{system_option update_inner_syntax_cartouches} to update inner syntax
    (types, terms, etc.)~to use cartouches, instead of double-quoted strings
    or atomic identifiers. For example, ``\<^theory_text>\<open>lemma \<doublequote>x =
    x\<doublequote>\<close>'' is replaced by ``\<^theory_text>\<open>lemma \<open>x = x\<close>\<close>'', and ``\<^theory_text>\<open>assume
    A\<close>'' is replaced by ``\<^theory_text>\<open>assume \<open>A\<close>\<close>''.

    \<^item> @{system_option update_mixfix_cartouches} to update mixfix templates to
    use cartouches instead of double-quoted strings. For example, ``\<^theory_text>\<open>(infixl
    \<doublequote>+\<doublequote> 65)\<close>'' is replaced by ``\<^theory_text>\<open>(infixl \<open>+\<close>
    65)\<close>''.

    \<^item> @{system_option update_control_cartouches} to update antiquotations to
    use the compact form with control symbol and cartouche argument. For
    example, ``\<open>@{term \<doublequote>x + y\<doublequote>}\<close>'' is replaced by
    ``\<open>\<^term>\<open>x + y\<close>\<close>'' (the control symbol is literally \<^verbatim>\<open>\<^term>\<close>.)

    \<^item> @{system_option update_path_cartouches} to update file-system paths to
    use cartouches: this depends on language markup provided by semantic
    processing of parsed input.

  It is also possible to produce custom updates in Isabelle/ML, by reporting
  \<^ML>\<open>Markup.update\<close> with the precise source position and a replacement
  text. This operation should be made conditional on specific system options,
  similar to the ones above. Searching the above option names in ML sources of
  \<^dir>\<open>$ISABELLE_HOME/src/Pure\<close> provides some examples.

  Updates can be in conflict by producing nested or overlapping edits: this
  may require to run @{tool update} multiple times.
\<close>


subsubsection \<open>Examples\<close>

text \<open>
  Update some cartouche notation in all theory sources required for session
  \<^verbatim>\<open>HOL-Analysis\<close> (and ancestors):

  @{verbatim [display] \<open>isabelle update -u mixfix_cartouches HOL-Analysis\<close>}

  \<^smallskip> Update the same for all application sessions based on \<^verbatim>\<open>HOL-Analysis\<close> ---
  using its image is taken starting point (for reduced resource requirements):

  @{verbatim [display] \<open>isabelle update -u mixfix_cartouches -b HOL-Analysis -B HOL-Analysis\<close>}

  \<^smallskip> Update sessions that build on \<^verbatim>\<open>HOL-Proofs\<close>, which need to be run
  separately with special options as follows:

  @{verbatim [display] \<open>isabelle update -u mixfix_cartouches -l HOL-Proofs -B HOL-Proofs
  -o record_proofs=2\<close>}

  \<^smallskip> See also the end of \secref{sec:tool-dump} for hints on increasing
  Isabelle/ML heap sizes for very big PIDE processes that include many
  sessions, notably from the Archive of Formal Proofs.
\<close>


section \<open>Explore sessions structure\<close>

text \<open>
  The @{tool_def "sessions"} tool explores the sessions structure. Its
  command-line usage is:
  @{verbatim [display]
\<open>Usage: isabelle sessions [OPTIONS] [SESSIONS ...]

  Options are:
    -B NAME      include session NAME and all descendants
    -D DIR       include session directory and select its sessions
    -R           refer to requirements of selected sessions
    -X NAME      exclude sessions from group NAME and all descendants
    -a           select all sessions
    -d DIR       include session directory
    -g NAME      select session group NAME
    -x NAME      exclude session NAME and all descendants

  Explore the structure of Isabelle sessions and print result names in
  topological order (on stdout).\<close>}

  Arguments and options for session selection resemble @{tool build}
  (\secref{sec:tool-build}).
\<close>


subsubsection \<open>Examples\<close>

text \<open>
  All sessions of the Isabelle distribution:
  @{verbatim [display] \<open>isabelle sessions -a\<close>}

  \<^medskip>
  Sessions that are based on \<^verbatim>\<open>ZF\<close> (and required by it):
  @{verbatim [display] \<open>isabelle sessions -B ZF\<close>}

  \<^medskip>
  All sessions of Isabelle/AFP (based in directory \<^path>\<open>AFP\<close>):
  @{verbatim [display] \<open>isabelle sessions -D AFP/thys\<close>}

  \<^medskip>
  Sessions required by Isabelle/AFP (based in directory \<^path>\<open>AFP\<close>):
  @{verbatim [display] \<open>isabelle sessions -R -D AFP/thys\<close>}
\<close>

end