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(* Title: HOL/Corec_Examples/LFilter.thy
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Author: Andreas Lochbihler, ETH Zuerich
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Author: Dmitriy Traytel, ETH Zuerich
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Author: Andrei Popescu, TU Muenchen
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Copyright 2014, 2016
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The filter function on lazy lists.
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*)
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section \<open>The Filter Function on Lazy Lists\<close>
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theory LFilter
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imports "~~/src/HOL/Library/BNF_Corec"
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begin
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codatatype (lset: 'a) llist =
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LNil
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| LCons (lhd: 'a) (ltl: "'a llist")
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corecursive lfilter where
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"lfilter P xs = (if \<forall>x \<in> lset xs. \<not> P x then
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LNil
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else if P (lhd xs) then
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LCons (lhd xs) (lfilter P (ltl xs))
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else
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lfilter P (ltl xs))"
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proof (relation "measure (\<lambda>(P, xs). LEAST n. P (lhd ((ltl ^^ n) xs)))", rule wf_measure, clarsimp)
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fix P xs x
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assume "x \<in> lset xs" "P x" "\<not> P (lhd xs)"
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from this(1,2) obtain a where "P (lhd ((ltl ^^ a) xs))"
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by (atomize_elim, induct x xs rule: llist.set_induct)
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(auto simp: funpow_Suc_right simp del: funpow.simps(2) intro: exI[of _ 0] exI[of _ "Suc i" for i])
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with \<open>\<not> P (lhd xs)\<close>
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have "(LEAST n. P (lhd ((ltl ^^ n) xs))) = Suc (LEAST n. P (lhd ((ltl ^^ Suc n) xs)))"
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by (intro Least_Suc) auto
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then show "(LEAST n. P (lhd ((ltl ^^ n) (ltl xs)))) < (LEAST n. P (lhd ((ltl ^^ n) xs)))"
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by (simp add: funpow_swap1[of ltl])
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qed
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lemma lfilter_LNil [simp]: "lfilter P LNil = LNil"
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by(simp add: lfilter.code)
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lemma lnull_lfilter [simp]: "lfilter P xs = LNil \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>x \<in> lset xs. \<not> P x)"
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proof(rule iffI ballI)+
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show "\<not> P x" if "x \<in> lset xs" "lfilter P xs = LNil" for x using that
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by(induction rule: llist.set_induct)(subst (asm) lfilter.code; auto split: if_split_asm; fail)+
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qed(simp add: lfilter.code)
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lemma lfilter_LCons [simp]: "lfilter P (LCons x xs) = (if P x then LCons x (lfilter P xs) else lfilter P xs)"
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by(subst lfilter.code)(auto intro: sym)
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lemma llist_in_lfilter [simp]: "lset (lfilter P xs) = lset xs \<inter> {x. P x}"
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proof(intro set_eqI iffI)
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show "x \<in> lset xs \<inter> {x. P x}" if "x \<in> lset (lfilter P xs)" for x using that
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proof(induction ys\<equiv>"lfilter P xs" arbitrary: xs rule: llist.set_induct)
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case (LCons1 x xs ys)
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from this show ?case
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apply(induction arg\<equiv>"(P, ys)" arbitrary: ys rule: lfilter.inner_induct)
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subgoal by(subst (asm) (2) lfilter.code)(auto split: if_split_asm elim: llist.set_cases)
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done
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next
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case (LCons2 xs y x ys)
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from LCons2(3) LCons2(1) show ?case
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apply(induction arg\<equiv>"(P, ys)" arbitrary: ys rule: lfilter.inner_induct)
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subgoal using LCons2(2) by(subst (asm) (2) lfilter.code)(auto split: if_split_asm elim: llist.set_cases)
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done
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qed
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show "x \<in> lset (lfilter P xs)" if "x \<in> lset xs \<inter> {x. P x}" for x
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using that[THEN IntD1] that[THEN IntD2] by(induction) auto
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qed
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lemma lfilter_unique_weak:
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"(\<And>xs. f xs = (if \<forall>x \<in> lset xs. \<not> P x then LNil
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else if P (lhd xs) then LCons (lhd xs) (f (ltl xs))
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else lfilter P (ltl xs)))
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\<Longrightarrow> f = lfilter P"
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by(corec_unique)(rule ext lfilter.code)+
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lemma lfilter_unique:
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assumes "\<And>xs. f xs = (if \<forall>x\<in>lset xs. \<not> P x then LNil
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else if P (lhd xs) then LCons (lhd xs) (f (ltl xs))
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else f (ltl xs))"
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shows "f = lfilter P"
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\<comment> \<open>It seems as if we cannot use @{thm lfilter_unique_weak} for showing this as the induction and the coinduction must be nested\<close>
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proof(rule ext)
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show "f xs = lfilter P xs" for xs
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proof(coinduction arbitrary: xs)
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case (Eq_llist xs)
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show ?case
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apply(induction arg\<equiv>"(P, xs)" arbitrary: xs rule: lfilter.inner_induct)
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apply(subst (1 2 3 4) assms)
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apply(subst (1 2 3 4) lfilter.code)
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apply auto
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done
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qed
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qed
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lemma lfilter_lfilter: "lfilter P \<circ> lfilter Q = lfilter (\<lambda>x. P x \<and> Q x)"
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by(rule lfilter_unique)(auto elim: llist.set_cases)
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end
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