(* *********************************************************************** *)
(* *)
(* Title: SList.thy (Extended List Theory) *)
(* Based on: $Id$ *)
(* Author: Lawrence C Paulson, Cambridge University Computer Laboratory*)
(* Author: B. Wolff, University of Bremen *)
(* Purpose: Enriched theory of lists *)
(* mutual indirect recursive data-types *)
(* *)
(* *********************************************************************** *)
(* Definition of type 'a list (strict lists) by a least fixed point
We use list(A) == lfp(%Z. {NUMB(0)} <+> A <*> Z)
and not list == lfp(%Z. {NUMB(0)} <+> range(Leaf) <*> Z)
so that list can serve as a "functor" for defining other recursive types.
This enables the conservative construction of mutual recursive data-types
such as
datatype 'a m = Node 'a * ('a m) list
Tidied by lcp. Still needs removal of nat_rec.
*)
theory SList = NatArith + Sexp + Hilbert_Choice:
(*Hilbert_Choice is needed for the function "inv"*)
(* *********************************************************************** *)
(* *)
(* Building up data type *)
(* *)
(* *********************************************************************** *)
(* Defining the Concrete Constructors *)
constdefs
NIL :: "'a item"
"NIL == In0(Numb(0))"
CONS :: "['a item, 'a item] => 'a item"
"CONS M N == In1(Scons M N)"
consts
list :: "'a item set => 'a item set"
inductive "list(A)"
intros
NIL_I: "NIL: list A"
CONS_I: "[| a: A; M: list A |] ==> CONS a M : list A"
typedef (List)
'a list = "list(range Leaf) :: 'a item set"
by (blast intro: list.NIL_I)
constdefs
List_case :: "['b, ['a item, 'a item]=>'b, 'a item] => 'b"
"List_case c d == Case(%x. c)(Split(d))"
List_rec :: "['a item, 'b, ['a item, 'a item, 'b]=>'b] => 'b"
"List_rec M c d == wfrec (trancl pred_sexp)
(%g. List_case c (%x y. d x y (g y))) M"
(* *********************************************************************** *)
(* *)
(* Abstracting data type *)
(* *)
(* *********************************************************************** *)
(*Declaring the abstract list constructors*)
constdefs
Nil :: "'a list"
"Nil == Abs_List(NIL)"
"Cons" :: "['a, 'a list] => 'a list" (infixr "#" 65)
"x#xs == Abs_List(CONS (Leaf x)(Rep_List xs))"
(* list Recursion -- the trancl is Essential; see list.ML *)
list_rec :: "['a list, 'b, ['a, 'a list, 'b]=>'b] => 'b"
"list_rec l c d ==
List_rec(Rep_List l) c (%x y r. d(inv Leaf x)(Abs_List y) r)"
list_case :: "['b, ['a, 'a list]=>'b, 'a list] => 'b"
"list_case a f xs == list_rec xs a (%x xs r. f x xs)"
(* list Enumeration *)
consts
"[]" :: "'a list" ("[]")
syntax
"@list" :: "args => 'a list" ("[(_)]")
translations
"[x, xs]" == "x#[xs]"
"[x]" == "x#[]"
"[]" == "Nil"
"case xs of Nil => a | y#ys => b" == "list_case(a, %y ys. b, xs)"
(* *********************************************************************** *)
(* *)
(* Generalized Map Functionals *)
(* *)
(* *********************************************************************** *)
(* Generalized Map Functionals *)
constdefs
Rep_map :: "('b => 'a item) => ('b list => 'a item)"
"Rep_map f xs == list_rec xs NIL(%x l r. CONS(f x) r)"
Abs_map :: "('a item => 'b) => 'a item => 'b list"
"Abs_map g M == List_rec M Nil (%N L r. g(N)#r)"
(**** Function definitions ****)
constdefs
null :: "'a list => bool"
"null xs == list_rec xs True (%x xs r. False)"
hd :: "'a list => 'a"
"hd xs == list_rec xs (@x. True) (%x xs r. x)"
tl :: "'a list => 'a list"
"tl xs == list_rec xs (@xs. True) (%x xs r. xs)"
(* a total version of tl: *)
ttl :: "'a list => 'a list"
"ttl xs == list_rec xs [] (%x xs r. xs)"
member :: "['a, 'a list] => bool" (infixl "mem" 55)
"x mem xs == list_rec xs False (%y ys r. if y=x then True else r)"
list_all :: "('a => bool) => ('a list => bool)"
"list_all P xs == list_rec xs True(%x l r. P(x) & r)"
map :: "('a=>'b) => ('a list => 'b list)"
"map f xs == list_rec xs [] (%x l r. f(x)#r)"
constdefs
append :: "['a list, 'a list] => 'a list" (infixr "@" 65)
"xs@ys == list_rec xs ys (%x l r. x#r)"
filter :: "['a => bool, 'a list] => 'a list"
"filter P xs == list_rec xs [] (%x xs r. if P(x)then x#r else r)"
foldl :: "[['b,'a] => 'b, 'b, 'a list] => 'b"
"foldl f a xs == list_rec xs (%a. a)(%x xs r.%a. r(f a x))(a)"
foldr :: "[['a,'b] => 'b, 'b, 'a list] => 'b"
"foldr f a xs == list_rec xs a (%x xs r. (f x r))"
length :: "'a list => nat"
"length xs== list_rec xs 0 (%x xs r. Suc r)"
drop :: "['a list,nat] => 'a list"
"drop t n == (nat_rec(%x. x)(%m r xs. r(ttl xs)))(n)(t)"
copy :: "['a, nat] => 'a list" (* make list of n copies of x *)
"copy t == nat_rec [] (%m xs. t # xs)"
flat :: "'a list list => 'a list"
"flat == foldr (op @) []"
nth :: "[nat, 'a list] => 'a"
"nth == nat_rec hd (%m r xs. r(tl xs))"
rev :: "'a list => 'a list"
"rev xs == list_rec xs [] (%x xs xsa. xsa @ [x])"
(* miscellaneous definitions *)
zipWith :: "['a * 'b => 'c, 'a list * 'b list] => 'c list"
"zipWith f S == (list_rec (fst S) (%T.[])
(%x xs r. %T. if null T then []
else f(x,hd T) # r(tl T)))(snd(S))"
zip :: "'a list * 'b list => ('a*'b) list"
"zip == zipWith (%s. s)"
unzip :: "('a*'b) list => ('a list * 'b list)"
"unzip == foldr(% (a,b)(c,d).(a#c,b#d))([],[])"
consts take :: "['a list,nat] => 'a list"
primrec
take_0: "take xs 0 = []"
take_Suc: "take xs (Suc n) = list_case [] (%x l. x # take l n) xs"
consts enum :: "[nat,nat] => nat list"
primrec
enum_0: "enum i 0 = []"
enum_Suc: "enum i (Suc j) = (if i <= j then enum i j @ [j] else [])"
syntax
(* Special syntax for list_all and filter *)
"@Alls" :: "[idt, 'a list, bool] => bool" ("(2Alls _:_./ _)" 10)
"@filter" :: "[idt, 'a list, bool] => 'a list" ("(1[_:_ ./ _])")
translations
"[x:xs. P]" == "filter(%x. P) xs"
"Alls x:xs. P"== "list_all(%x. P)xs"
lemma ListI: "x : list (range Leaf) ==> x : List"
by (simp add: List_def)
lemma ListD: "x : List ==> x : list (range Leaf)"
by (simp add: List_def)
lemma list_unfold: "list(A) = usum {Numb(0)} (uprod A (list(A)))"
by (fast intro!: list.intros [unfolded NIL_def CONS_def]
elim: list.cases [unfolded NIL_def CONS_def])
(*This justifies using list in other recursive type definitions*)
lemma list_mono: "A<=B ==> list(A) <= list(B)"
apply (unfold list.defs )
apply (rule lfp_mono)
apply (assumption | rule basic_monos)+
done
(*Type checking -- list creates well-founded sets*)
lemma list_sexp: "list(sexp) <= sexp"
apply (unfold NIL_def CONS_def list.defs)
apply (rule lfp_lowerbound)
apply (fast intro: sexp.intros sexp_In0I sexp_In1I)
done
(* A <= sexp ==> list(A) <= sexp *)
lemmas list_subset_sexp = subset_trans [OF list_mono list_sexp]
(*Induction for the type 'a list *)
lemma list_induct:
"[| P(Nil);
!!x xs. P(xs) ==> P(x # xs) |] ==> P(l)"
apply (unfold Nil_def Cons_def)
apply (rule Rep_List_inverse [THEN subst])
(*types force good instantiation*)
apply (rule Rep_List [unfolded List_def, THEN list.induct], simp)
apply (erule Abs_List_inverse [unfolded List_def, THEN subst], blast)
done
(*** Isomorphisms ***)
lemma inj_on_Abs_list: "inj_on Abs_List (list(range Leaf))"
apply (rule inj_on_inverseI)
apply (erule Abs_List_inverse [unfolded List_def])
done
(** Distinctness of constructors **)
lemma CONS_not_NIL [iff]: "CONS M N ~= NIL"
by (simp add: NIL_def CONS_def)
lemmas NIL_not_CONS [iff] = CONS_not_NIL [THEN not_sym]
lemmas CONS_neq_NIL = CONS_not_NIL [THEN notE, standard]
lemmas NIL_neq_CONS = sym [THEN CONS_neq_NIL]
lemma Cons_not_Nil [iff]: "x # xs ~= Nil"
apply (unfold Nil_def Cons_def)
apply (rule CONS_not_NIL [THEN inj_on_Abs_list [THEN inj_on_contraD]])
apply (simp_all add: list.intros rangeI Rep_List [unfolded List_def])
done
lemmas Nil_not_Cons [iff] = Cons_not_Nil [THEN not_sym, standard]
lemmas Cons_neq_Nil = Cons_not_Nil [THEN notE, standard]
lemmas Nil_neq_Cons = sym [THEN Cons_neq_Nil]
(** Injectiveness of CONS and Cons **)
lemma CONS_CONS_eq [iff]: "(CONS K M)=(CONS L N) = (K=L & M=N)"
by (simp add: CONS_def)
(*For reasoning about abstract list constructors*)
declare Rep_List [THEN ListD, intro] ListI [intro]
declare list.intros [intro,simp]
declare Leaf_inject [dest!]
lemma Cons_Cons_eq [iff]: "(x#xs=y#ys) = (x=y & xs=ys)"
apply (simp add: Cons_def)
apply (subst Abs_List_inject)
apply (auto simp add: Rep_List_inject)
done
lemmas Cons_inject2 = Cons_Cons_eq [THEN iffD1, THEN conjE, standard]
lemma CONS_D: "CONS M N: list(A) ==> M: A & N: list(A)"
apply (erule setup_induction)
apply (erule list.induct, blast+)
done
lemma sexp_CONS_D: "CONS M N: sexp ==> M: sexp & N: sexp"
apply (simp add: CONS_def In1_def)
apply (fast dest!: Scons_D)
done
(*Reasoning about constructors and their freeness*)
lemma not_CONS_self: "N: list(A) ==> !M. N ~= CONS M N"
by (erule list.induct, simp_all)
lemma not_Cons_self2: "\<forall>x. l ~= x#l"
by (induct_tac "l" rule: list_induct, simp_all)
lemma neq_Nil_conv2: "(xs ~= []) = (\<exists>y ys. xs = y#ys)"
by (induct_tac "xs" rule: list_induct, auto)
(** Conversion rules for List_case: case analysis operator **)
lemma List_case_NIL [simp]: "List_case c h NIL = c"
by (simp add: List_case_def NIL_def)
lemma List_case_CONS [simp]: "List_case c h (CONS M N) = h M N"
by (simp add: List_case_def CONS_def)
(*** List_rec -- by wf recursion on pred_sexp ***)
(* The trancl(pred_sexp) is essential because pred_sexp_CONS_I1,2 would not
hold if pred_sexp^+ were changed to pred_sexp. *)
lemma List_rec_unfold_lemma:
"(%M. List_rec M c d) ==
wfrec (trancl pred_sexp) (%g. List_case c (%x y. d x y (g y)))"
by (simp add: List_rec_def)
lemmas List_rec_unfold =
def_wfrec [OF List_rec_unfold_lemma wf_pred_sexp [THEN wf_trancl],
standard]
(** pred_sexp lemmas **)
lemma pred_sexp_CONS_I1:
"[| M: sexp; N: sexp |] ==> (M, CONS M N) : pred_sexp^+"
by (simp add: CONS_def In1_def)
lemma pred_sexp_CONS_I2:
"[| M: sexp; N: sexp |] ==> (N, CONS M N) : pred_sexp^+"
by (simp add: CONS_def In1_def)
lemma pred_sexp_CONS_D:
"(CONS M1 M2, N) : pred_sexp^+ ==>
(M1,N) : pred_sexp^+ & (M2,N) : pred_sexp^+"
apply (frule pred_sexp_subset_Sigma [THEN trancl_subset_Sigma, THEN subsetD])
apply (blast dest!: sexp_CONS_D intro: pred_sexp_CONS_I1 pred_sexp_CONS_I2
trans_trancl [THEN transD])
done
(** Conversion rules for List_rec **)
lemma List_rec_NIL [simp]: "List_rec NIL c h = c"
apply (rule List_rec_unfold [THEN trans])
apply (simp add: List_case_NIL)
done
lemma List_rec_CONS [simp]:
"[| M: sexp; N: sexp |]
==> List_rec (CONS M N) c h = h M N (List_rec N c h)"
apply (rule List_rec_unfold [THEN trans])
apply (simp add: pred_sexp_CONS_I2)
done
(*** list_rec -- by List_rec ***)
lemmas Rep_List_in_sexp =
subsetD [OF range_Leaf_subset_sexp [THEN list_subset_sexp]
Rep_List [THEN ListD]]
lemma list_rec_Nil [simp]: "list_rec Nil c h = c"
by (simp add: list_rec_def ListI [THEN Abs_List_inverse] Nil_def)
lemma list_rec_Cons [simp]: "list_rec (a#l) c h = h a l (list_rec l c h)"
by (simp add: list_rec_def ListI [THEN Abs_List_inverse] Cons_def
Rep_List_inverse Rep_List [THEN ListD] inj_Leaf Rep_List_in_sexp)
(*Type checking. Useful?*)
lemma List_rec_type:
"[| M: list(A);
A<=sexp;
c: C(NIL);
!!x y r. [| x: A; y: list(A); r: C(y) |] ==> h x y r: C(CONS x y)
|] ==> List_rec M c h : C(M :: 'a item)"
apply (erule list.induct, simp)
apply (insert list_subset_sexp)
apply (subst List_rec_CONS, blast+)
done
(** Generalized map functionals **)
lemma Rep_map_Nil [simp]: "Rep_map f Nil = NIL"
by (simp add: Rep_map_def)
lemma Rep_map_Cons [simp]:
"Rep_map f(x#xs) = CONS(f x)(Rep_map f xs)"
by (simp add: Rep_map_def)
lemma Rep_map_type: "(!!x. f(x): A) ==> Rep_map f xs: list(A)"
apply (simp add: Rep_map_def)
apply (rule list_induct, auto)
done
lemma Abs_map_NIL [simp]: "Abs_map g NIL = Nil"
by (simp add: Abs_map_def)
lemma Abs_map_CONS [simp]:
"[| M: sexp; N: sexp |] ==> Abs_map g (CONS M N) = g(M) # Abs_map g N"
by (simp add: Abs_map_def)
(*Eases the use of primitive recursion. NOTE USE OF == *)
lemma def_list_rec_NilCons:
"[| !!xs. f(xs) == list_rec xs c h |]
==> f [] = c & f(x#xs) = h x xs (f xs)"
by simp
lemma Abs_map_inverse:
"[| M: list(A); A<=sexp; !!z. z: A ==> f(g(z)) = z |]
==> Rep_map f (Abs_map g M) = M"
apply (erule list.induct, simp_all)
apply (insert list_subset_sexp)
apply (subst Abs_map_CONS, blast)
apply blast
apply simp
done
(*Rep_map_inverse is obtained via Abs_Rep_map and map_ident*)
(** list_case **)
(* setting up rewrite sets *)
text{*Better to have a single theorem with a conjunctive conclusion.*}
declare def_list_rec_NilCons [OF list_case_def, simp]
(** list_case **)
lemma expand_list_case:
"P(list_case a f xs) = ((xs=[] --> P a ) & (!y ys. xs=y#ys --> P(f y ys)))"
by (induct_tac "xs" rule: list_induct, simp_all)
(**** Function definitions ****)
declare def_list_rec_NilCons [OF null_def, simp]
declare def_list_rec_NilCons [OF hd_def, simp]
declare def_list_rec_NilCons [OF tl_def, simp]
declare def_list_rec_NilCons [OF ttl_def, simp]
declare def_list_rec_NilCons [OF append_def, simp]
declare def_list_rec_NilCons [OF member_def, simp]
declare def_list_rec_NilCons [OF map_def, simp]
declare def_list_rec_NilCons [OF filter_def, simp]
declare def_list_rec_NilCons [OF list_all_def, simp]
(** nth **)
lemma def_nat_rec_0_eta:
"[| !!n. f == nat_rec c h |] ==> f(0) = c"
by simp
lemma def_nat_rec_Suc_eta:
"[| !!n. f == nat_rec c h |] ==> f(Suc(n)) = h n (f n)"
by simp
declare def_nat_rec_0_eta [OF nth_def, simp]
declare def_nat_rec_Suc_eta [OF nth_def, simp]
(** length **)
lemma length_Nil [simp]: "length([]) = 0"
by (simp add: length_def)
lemma length_Cons [simp]: "length(a#xs) = Suc(length(xs))"
by (simp add: length_def)
(** @ - append **)
lemma append_assoc [simp]: "(xs@ys)@zs = xs@(ys@zs)"
by (induct_tac "xs" rule: list_induct, simp_all)
lemma append_Nil2 [simp]: "xs @ [] = xs"
by (induct_tac "xs" rule: list_induct, simp_all)
(** mem **)
lemma mem_append [simp]: "x mem (xs@ys) = (x mem xs | x mem ys)"
by (induct_tac "xs" rule: list_induct, simp_all)
lemma mem_filter [simp]: "x mem [x:xs. P x ] = (x mem xs & P(x))"
by (induct_tac "xs" rule: list_induct, simp_all)
(** list_all **)
lemma list_all_True [simp]: "(Alls x:xs. True) = True"
by (induct_tac "xs" rule: list_induct, simp_all)
lemma list_all_conj [simp]:
"list_all p (xs@ys) = ((list_all p xs) & (list_all p ys))"
by (induct_tac "xs" rule: list_induct, simp_all)
lemma list_all_mem_conv: "(Alls x:xs. P(x)) = (!x. x mem xs --> P(x))"
apply (induct_tac "xs" rule: list_induct, simp_all)
apply blast
done
lemma nat_case_dist : "(! n. P n) = (P 0 & (! n. P (Suc n)))"
apply auto
apply (induct_tac "n", auto)
done
lemma alls_P_eq_P_nth: "(Alls u:A. P u) = (!n. n < length A --> P(nth n A))"
apply (induct_tac "A" rule: list_induct, simp_all)
apply (rule trans)
apply (rule_tac [2] nat_case_dist [symmetric], simp_all)
done
lemma list_all_imp:
"[| !x. P x --> Q x; (Alls x:xs. P(x)) |] ==> (Alls x:xs. Q(x))"
by (simp add: list_all_mem_conv)
(** The functional "map" and the generalized functionals **)
lemma Abs_Rep_map:
"(!!x. f(x): sexp) ==>
Abs_map g (Rep_map f xs) = map (%t. g(f(t))) xs"
apply (induct_tac "xs" rule: list_induct)
apply (simp_all add: Rep_map_type list_sexp [THEN subsetD])
done
(** Additional mapping lemmas **)
lemma map_ident [simp]: "map(%x. x)(xs) = xs"
by (induct_tac "xs" rule: list_induct, simp_all)
lemma map_append [simp]: "map f (xs@ys) = map f xs @ map f ys"
by (induct_tac "xs" rule: list_induct, simp_all)
lemma map_compose: "map(f o g)(xs) = map f (map g xs)"
apply (simp add: o_def)
apply (induct_tac "xs" rule: list_induct, simp_all)
done
lemma mem_map_aux1 [rule_format]:
"x mem (map f q) --> (\<exists>y. y mem q & x = f y)"
by (induct_tac "q" rule: list_induct, simp_all, blast)
lemma mem_map_aux2 [rule_format]:
"(\<exists>y. y mem q & x = f y) --> x mem (map f q)"
by (induct_tac "q" rule: list_induct, auto)
lemma mem_map: "x mem (map f q) = (\<exists>y. y mem q & x = f y)"
apply (rule iffI)
apply (erule mem_map_aux1)
apply (erule mem_map_aux2)
done
lemma hd_append [rule_format]: "A ~= [] --> hd(A @ B) = hd(A)"
by (induct_tac "A" rule: list_induct, auto)
lemma tl_append [rule_format]: "A ~= [] --> tl(A @ B) = tl(A) @ B"
by (induct_tac "A" rule: list_induct, auto)
(** take **)
lemma take_Suc1 [simp]: "take [] (Suc x) = []"
by simp
lemma take_Suc2 [simp]: "take(a#xs)(Suc x) = a#take xs x"
by simp
(** drop **)
lemma drop_0 [simp]: "drop xs 0 = xs"
by (simp add: drop_def)
lemma drop_Suc1 [simp]: "drop [] (Suc x) = []"
apply (simp add: drop_def)
apply (induct_tac "x", auto)
done
lemma drop_Suc2 [simp]: "drop(a#xs)(Suc x) = drop xs x"
by (simp add: drop_def)
(** copy **)
lemma copy_0 [simp]: "copy x 0 = []"
by (simp add: copy_def)
lemma copy_Suc [simp]: "copy x (Suc y) = x # copy x y"
by (simp add: copy_def)
(** fold **)
lemma foldl_Nil [simp]: "foldl f a [] = a"
by (simp add: foldl_def)
lemma foldl_Cons [simp]: "foldl f a(x#xs) = foldl f (f a x) xs"
by (simp add: foldl_def)
lemma foldr_Nil [simp]: "foldr f a [] = a"
by (simp add: foldr_def)
lemma foldr_Cons [simp]: "foldr f z(x#xs) = f x (foldr f z xs)"
by (simp add: foldr_def)
(** flat **)
lemma flat_Nil [simp]: "flat [] = []"
by (simp add: flat_def)
lemma flat_Cons [simp]: "flat (x # xs) = x @ flat xs"
by (simp add: flat_def)
(** rev **)
lemma rev_Nil [simp]: "rev [] = []"
by (simp add: rev_def)
lemma rev_Cons [simp]: "rev (x # xs) = rev xs @ [x]"
by (simp add: rev_def)
(** zip **)
lemma zipWith_Cons_Cons [simp]:
"zipWith f (a#as,b#bs) = f(a,b) # zipWith f (as,bs)"
by (simp add: zipWith_def)
lemma zipWith_Nil_Nil [simp]: "zipWith f ([],[]) = []"
by (simp add: zipWith_def)
lemma zipWith_Cons_Nil [simp]: "zipWith f (x,[]) = []"
apply (simp add: zipWith_def)
apply (induct_tac "x" rule: list_induct, simp_all)
done
lemma zipWith_Nil_Cons [simp]: "zipWith f ([],x) = []"
by (simp add: zipWith_def)
lemma unzip_Nil [simp]: "unzip [] = ([],[])"
by (simp add: unzip_def)
(** SOME LIST THEOREMS **)
(* SQUIGGOL LEMMAS *)
lemma map_compose_ext: "map(f o g) = ((map f) o (map g))"
apply (simp add: o_def)
apply (rule ext)
apply (simp add: map_compose [symmetric] o_def)
done
lemma map_flat: "map f (flat S) = flat(map (map f) S)"
by (induct_tac "S" rule: list_induct, simp_all)
lemma list_all_map_eq: "(Alls u:xs. f(u) = g(u)) --> map f xs = map g xs"
by (induct_tac "xs" rule: list_induct, simp_all)
lemma filter_map_d: "filter p (map f xs) = map f (filter(p o f)(xs))"
by (induct_tac "xs" rule: list_induct, simp_all)
lemma filter_compose: "filter p (filter q xs) = filter(%x. p x & q x) xs"
by (induct_tac "xs" rule: list_induct, simp_all)
(* "filter(p, filter(q,xs)) = filter(q, filter(p,xs))",
"filter(p, filter(p,xs)) = filter(p,xs)" BIRD's thms.*)
lemma filter_append [rule_format, simp]:
"\<forall>B. filter p (A @ B) = (filter p A @ filter p B)"
by (induct_tac "A" rule: list_induct, simp_all)
(* inits(xs) == map(fst,splits(xs)),
splits([]) = []
splits(a # xs) = <[],xs> @ map(%x. <a # fst(x),snd(x)>, splits(xs))
(x @ y = z) = <x,y> mem splits(z)
x mem xs & y mem ys = <x,y> mem diag(xs,ys) *)
lemma length_append: "length(xs@ys) = length(xs)+length(ys)"
by (induct_tac "xs" rule: list_induct, simp_all)
lemma length_map: "length(map f xs) = length(xs)"
by (induct_tac "xs" rule: list_induct, simp_all)
lemma take_Nil [simp]: "take [] n = []"
by (induct_tac "n", simp_all)
lemma take_take_eq [simp]: "\<forall>n. take (take xs n) n = take xs n"
apply (induct_tac "xs" rule: list_induct, simp_all)
apply (rule allI)
apply (induct_tac "n", auto)
done
lemma take_take_Suc_eq1 [rule_format]:
"\<forall>n. take (take xs(Suc(n+m))) n = take xs n"
apply (induct_tac "xs" rule: list_induct, simp_all)
apply (rule allI)
apply (induct_tac "n", auto)
done
declare take_Suc [simp del]
lemma take_take_1: "take (take xs (n+m)) n = take xs n"
apply (induct_tac "m")
apply (simp_all add: take_take_Suc_eq1)
done
lemma take_take_Suc_eq2 [rule_format]:
"\<forall>n. take (take xs n)(Suc(n+m)) = take xs n"
apply (induct_tac "xs" rule: list_induct, simp_all)
apply (rule allI)
apply (induct_tac "n", auto)
done
lemma take_take_2: "take(take xs n)(n+m) = take xs n"
apply (induct_tac "m")
apply (simp_all add: take_take_Suc_eq2)
done
(* length(take(xs,n)) = min(n, length(xs)) *)
(* length(drop(xs,n)) = length(xs) - n *)
lemma drop_Nil [simp]: "drop [] n = []"
by (induct_tac "n", auto)
lemma drop_drop [rule_format]: "\<forall>xs. drop (drop xs m) n = drop xs(m+n)"
apply (induct_tac "m", auto)
apply (induct_tac "xs" rule: list_induct, auto)
done
lemma take_drop [rule_format]: "\<forall>xs. (take xs n) @ (drop xs n) = xs"
apply (induct_tac "n", auto)
apply (induct_tac "xs" rule: list_induct, auto)
done
lemma copy_copy: "copy x n @ copy x m = copy x (n+m)"
by (induct_tac "n", auto)
lemma length_copy: "length(copy x n) = n"
by (induct_tac "n", auto)
lemma length_take [rule_format, simp]:
"\<forall>xs. length(take xs n) = min (length xs) n"
apply (induct_tac "n")
apply auto
apply (induct_tac "xs" rule: list_induct)
apply auto
done
lemma length_take_drop: "length(take A k) + length(drop A k) = length(A)"
by (simp only: length_append [symmetric] take_drop)
lemma take_append [rule_format]: "\<forall>A. length(A) = n --> take(A@B) n = A"
apply (induct_tac "n")
apply (rule allI)
apply (rule_tac [2] allI)
apply (induct_tac "A" rule: list_induct)
apply (induct_tac [3] "A" rule: list_induct, simp_all)
done
lemma take_append2 [rule_format]:
"\<forall>A. length(A) = n --> take(A@B) (n+k) = A @ take B k"
apply (induct_tac "n")
apply (rule allI)
apply (rule_tac [2] allI)
apply (induct_tac "A" rule: list_induct)
apply (induct_tac [3] "A" rule: list_induct, simp_all)
done
lemma take_map [rule_format]: "\<forall>n. take (map f A) n = map f (take A n)"
apply (induct_tac "A" rule: list_induct, simp_all)
apply (rule allI)
apply (induct_tac "n", simp_all)
done
lemma drop_append [rule_format]: "\<forall>A. length(A) = n --> drop(A@B)n = B"
apply (induct_tac "n")
apply (rule allI)
apply (rule_tac [2] allI)
apply (induct_tac "A" rule: list_induct)
apply (induct_tac [3] "A" rule: list_induct, simp_all)
done
lemma drop_append2 [rule_format]:
"\<forall>A. length(A) = n --> drop(A@B)(n+k) = drop B k"
apply (induct_tac "n")
apply (rule allI)
apply (rule_tac [2] allI)
apply (induct_tac "A" rule: list_induct)
apply (induct_tac [3] "A" rule: list_induct, simp_all)
done
lemma drop_all [rule_format]: "\<forall>A. length(A) = n --> drop A n = []"
apply (induct_tac "n")
apply (rule allI)
apply (rule_tac [2] allI)
apply (induct_tac "A" rule: list_induct)
apply (induct_tac [3] "A" rule: list_induct, auto)
done
lemma drop_map [rule_format]: "\<forall>n. drop (map f A) n = map f (drop A n)"
apply (induct_tac "A" rule: list_induct, simp_all)
apply (rule allI)
apply (induct_tac "n", simp_all)
done
lemma take_all [rule_format]: "\<forall>A. length(A) = n --> take A n = A"
apply (induct_tac "n")
apply (rule allI)
apply (rule_tac [2] allI)
apply (induct_tac "A" rule: list_induct)
apply (induct_tac [3] "A" rule: list_induct, auto)
done
lemma foldl_single: "foldl f a [b] = f a b"
by simp_all
lemma foldl_append [rule_format, simp]:
"\<forall>a. foldl f a (A @ B) = foldl f (foldl f a A) B"
by (induct_tac "A" rule: list_induct, simp_all)
lemma foldl_map [rule_format]:
"\<forall>e. foldl f e (map g S) = foldl (%x y. f x (g y)) e S"
by (induct_tac "S" rule: list_induct, simp_all)
lemma foldl_neutr_distr [rule_format]:
assumes r_neutr: "\<forall>a. f a e = a"
and r_neutl: "\<forall>a. f e a = a"
and assoc: "\<forall>a b c. f a (f b c) = f(f a b) c"
shows "\<forall>y. f y (foldl f e A) = foldl f y A"
apply (induct_tac "A" rule: list_induct)
apply (simp_all add: r_neutr r_neutl, clarify)
apply (erule all_dupE)
apply (rule trans)
prefer 2 apply assumption
apply (simp (no_asm_use) add: assoc [THEN spec, THEN spec, THEN spec, THEN sym])
apply simp
done
lemma foldl_append_sym:
"[| !a. f a e = a; !a. f e a = a;
!a b c. f a (f b c) = f(f a b) c |]
==> foldl f e (A @ B) = f(foldl f e A)(foldl f e B)"
apply (rule trans)
apply (rule foldl_append)
apply (rule sym)
apply (rule foldl_neutr_distr, auto)
done
lemma foldr_append [rule_format, simp]:
"\<forall>a. foldr f a (A @ B) = foldr f (foldr f a B) A"
apply (induct_tac "A" rule: list_induct, simp_all)
done
lemma foldr_map [rule_format]: "\<forall>e. foldr f e (map g S) = foldr (f o g) e S"
apply (simp add: o_def)
apply (induct_tac "S" rule: list_induct, simp_all)
done
lemma foldr_Un_eq_UN: "foldr op Un {} S = (UN X: {t. t mem S}.X)"
by (induct_tac "S" rule: list_induct, auto)
lemma foldr_neutr_distr:
"[| !a. f e a = a; !a b c. f a (f b c) = f(f a b) c |]
==> foldr f y S = f (foldr f e S) y"
by (induct_tac "S" rule: list_induct, auto)
lemma foldr_append2:
"[| !a. f e a = a; !a b c. f a (f b c) = f(f a b) c |]
==> foldr f e (A @ B) = f (foldr f e A) (foldr f e B)"
apply auto
apply (rule foldr_neutr_distr, auto)
done
lemma foldr_flat:
"[| !a. f e a = a; !a b c. f a (f b c) = f(f a b) c |] ==>
foldr f e (flat S) = (foldr f e)(map (foldr f e) S)"
apply (induct_tac "S" rule: list_induct)
apply (simp_all del: foldr_append add: foldr_append2)
done
lemma list_all_map: "(Alls x:map f xs .P(x)) = (Alls x:xs.(P o f)(x))"
by (induct_tac "xs" rule: list_induct, auto)
lemma list_all_and:
"(Alls x:xs. P(x)&Q(x)) = ((Alls x:xs. P(x))&(Alls x:xs. Q(x)))"
by (induct_tac "xs" rule: list_induct, auto)
lemma nth_map [rule_format]:
"\<forall>i. i < length(A) --> nth i (map f A) = f(nth i A)"
apply (induct_tac "A" rule: list_induct, simp_all)
apply (rule allI)
apply (induct_tac "i", auto)
done
lemma nth_app_cancel_right [rule_format]:
"\<forall>i. i < length(A) --> nth i(A@B) = nth i A"
apply (induct_tac "A" rule: list_induct, simp_all)
apply (rule allI)
apply (induct_tac "i", simp_all)
done
lemma nth_app_cancel_left [rule_format]:
"\<forall>n. n = length(A) --> nth(n+i)(A@B) = nth i B"
by (induct_tac "A" rule: list_induct, simp_all)
(** flat **)
lemma flat_append [simp]: "flat(xs@ys) = flat(xs) @ flat(ys)"
by (induct_tac "xs" rule: list_induct, auto)
lemma filter_flat: "filter p (flat S) = flat(map (filter p) S)"
by (induct_tac "S" rule: list_induct, auto)
(** rev **)
lemma rev_append [simp]: "rev(xs@ys) = rev(ys) @ rev(xs)"
by (induct_tac "xs" rule: list_induct, auto)
lemma rev_rev_ident [simp]: "rev(rev l) = l"
by (induct_tac "l" rule: list_induct, auto)
lemma rev_flat: "rev(flat ls) = flat (map rev (rev ls))"
by (induct_tac "ls" rule: list_induct, auto)
lemma rev_map_distrib: "rev(map f l) = map f (rev l)"
by (induct_tac "l" rule: list_induct, auto)
lemma foldl_rev: "foldl f b (rev l) = foldr (%x y. f y x) b l"
by (induct_tac "l" rule: list_induct, auto)
lemma foldr_rev: "foldr f b (rev l) = foldl (%x y. f y x) b l"
apply (rule sym)
apply (rule trans)
apply (rule_tac [2] foldl_rev, simp)
done
end