(* Title: HOL/Product_Type.thy
Author: Lawrence C Paulson, Cambridge University Computer Laboratory
Copyright 1992 University of Cambridge
*)
header {* Cartesian products *}
theory Product_Type
imports Typedef Inductive Fun
uses
("Tools/split_rule.ML")
("Tools/inductive_codegen.ML")
("Tools/inductive_set.ML")
begin
subsection {* @{typ bool} is a datatype *}
rep_datatype True False by (auto intro: bool_induct)
declare case_split [cases type: bool]
-- "prefer plain propositional version"
lemma
shows [code]: "HOL.equal False P \<longleftrightarrow> \<not> P"
and [code]: "HOL.equal True P \<longleftrightarrow> P"
and [code]: "HOL.equal P False \<longleftrightarrow> \<not> P"
and [code]: "HOL.equal P True \<longleftrightarrow> P"
and [code nbe]: "HOL.equal P P \<longleftrightarrow> True"
by (simp_all add: equal)
code_const "HOL.equal \<Colon> bool \<Rightarrow> bool \<Rightarrow> bool"
(Haskell infix 4 "==")
code_instance bool :: equal
(Haskell -)
subsection {* The @{text unit} type *}
typedef (open) unit = "{True}"
proof
show "True : ?unit" ..
qed
definition
Unity :: unit ("'(')")
where
"() = Abs_unit True"
lemma unit_eq [no_atp]: "u = ()"
by (induct u) (simp add: Unity_def)
text {*
Simplification procedure for @{thm [source] unit_eq}. Cannot use
this rule directly --- it loops!
*}
ML {*
val unit_eq_proc =
let val unit_meta_eq = mk_meta_eq @{thm unit_eq} in
Simplifier.simproc_global @{theory} "unit_eq" ["x::unit"]
(fn _ => fn _ => fn t => if HOLogic.is_unit t then NONE else SOME unit_meta_eq)
end;
Addsimprocs [unit_eq_proc];
*}
rep_datatype "()" by simp
lemma unit_all_eq1: "(!!x::unit. PROP P x) == PROP P ()"
by simp
lemma unit_all_eq2: "(!!x::unit. PROP P) == PROP P"
by (rule triv_forall_equality)
text {*
This rewrite counters the effect of @{text unit_eq_proc} on @{term
[source] "%u::unit. f u"}, replacing it by @{term [source]
f} rather than by @{term [source] "%u. f ()"}.
*}
lemma unit_abs_eta_conv [simp,no_atp]: "(%u::unit. f ()) = f"
by (rule ext) simp
instantiation unit :: default
begin
definition "default = ()"
instance ..
end
lemma [code]:
"HOL.equal (u\<Colon>unit) v \<longleftrightarrow> True" unfolding equal unit_eq [of u] unit_eq [of v] by rule+
code_type unit
(SML "unit")
(OCaml "unit")
(Haskell "()")
(Scala "Unit")
code_const Unity
(SML "()")
(OCaml "()")
(Haskell "()")
(Scala "()")
code_instance unit :: equal
(Haskell -)
code_const "HOL.equal \<Colon> unit \<Rightarrow> unit \<Rightarrow> bool"
(Haskell infix 4 "==")
code_reserved SML
unit
code_reserved OCaml
unit
code_reserved Scala
Unit
subsection {* The product type *}
subsubsection {* Type definition *}
definition Pair_Rep :: "'a \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'a \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> bool" where
"Pair_Rep a b = (\<lambda>x y. x = a \<and> y = b)"
typedef ('a, 'b) prod (infixr "*" 20)
= "{f. \<exists>a b. f = Pair_Rep (a\<Colon>'a) (b\<Colon>'b)}"
proof
fix a b show "Pair_Rep a b \<in> ?prod"
by rule+
qed
type_notation (xsymbols)
"prod" ("(_ \<times>/ _)" [21, 20] 20)
type_notation (HTML output)
"prod" ("(_ \<times>/ _)" [21, 20] 20)
definition Pair :: "'a \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'a \<times> 'b" where
"Pair a b = Abs_prod (Pair_Rep a b)"
rep_datatype Pair proof -
fix P :: "'a \<times> 'b \<Rightarrow> bool" and p
assume "\<And>a b. P (Pair a b)"
then show "P p" by (cases p) (auto simp add: prod_def Pair_def Pair_Rep_def)
next
fix a c :: 'a and b d :: 'b
have "Pair_Rep a b = Pair_Rep c d \<longleftrightarrow> a = c \<and> b = d"
by (auto simp add: Pair_Rep_def fun_eq_iff)
moreover have "Pair_Rep a b \<in> prod" and "Pair_Rep c d \<in> prod"
by (auto simp add: prod_def)
ultimately show "Pair a b = Pair c d \<longleftrightarrow> a = c \<and> b = d"
by (simp add: Pair_def Abs_prod_inject)
qed
declare prod.simps(2) [nitpick_simp del]
declare prod.weak_case_cong [cong del]
subsubsection {* Tuple syntax *}
abbreviation (input) split :: "('a \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'c) \<Rightarrow> 'a \<times> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'c" where
"split \<equiv> prod_case"
text {*
Patterns -- extends pre-defined type @{typ pttrn} used in
abstractions.
*}
nonterminal tuple_args and patterns
syntax
"_tuple" :: "'a => tuple_args => 'a * 'b" ("(1'(_,/ _'))")
"_tuple_arg" :: "'a => tuple_args" ("_")
"_tuple_args" :: "'a => tuple_args => tuple_args" ("_,/ _")
"_pattern" :: "[pttrn, patterns] => pttrn" ("'(_,/ _')")
"" :: "pttrn => patterns" ("_")
"_patterns" :: "[pttrn, patterns] => patterns" ("_,/ _")
translations
"(x, y)" == "CONST Pair x y"
"_tuple x (_tuple_args y z)" == "_tuple x (_tuple_arg (_tuple y z))"
"%(x, y, zs). b" == "CONST prod_case (%x (y, zs). b)"
"%(x, y). b" == "CONST prod_case (%x y. b)"
"_abs (CONST Pair x y) t" => "%(x, y). t"
-- {* The last rule accommodates tuples in `case C ... (x,y) ... => ...'
The (x,y) is parsed as `Pair x y' because it is logic, not pttrn *}
(*reconstruct pattern from (nested) splits, avoiding eta-contraction of body;
works best with enclosing "let", if "let" does not avoid eta-contraction*)
print_translation {*
let
fun split_tr' [Abs (x, T, t as (Abs abs))] =
(* split (%x y. t) => %(x,y) t *)
let
val (y, t') = atomic_abs_tr' abs;
val (x', t'') = atomic_abs_tr' (x, T, t');
in
Syntax.const @{syntax_const "_abs"} $
(Syntax.const @{syntax_const "_pattern"} $ x' $ y) $ t''
end
| split_tr' [Abs (x, T, (s as Const (@{const_syntax prod_case}, _) $ t))] =
(* split (%x. (split (%y z. t))) => %(x,y,z). t *)
let
val Const (@{syntax_const "_abs"}, _) $
(Const (@{syntax_const "_pattern"}, _) $ y $ z) $ t' = split_tr' [t];
val (x', t'') = atomic_abs_tr' (x, T, t');
in
Syntax.const @{syntax_const "_abs"} $
(Syntax.const @{syntax_const "_pattern"} $ x' $
(Syntax.const @{syntax_const "_patterns"} $ y $ z)) $ t''
end
| split_tr' [Const (@{const_syntax prod_case}, _) $ t] =
(* split (split (%x y z. t)) => %((x, y), z). t *)
split_tr' [(split_tr' [t])] (* inner split_tr' creates next pattern *)
| split_tr' [Const (@{syntax_const "_abs"}, _) $ x_y $ Abs abs] =
(* split (%pttrn z. t) => %(pttrn,z). t *)
let val (z, t) = atomic_abs_tr' abs in
Syntax.const @{syntax_const "_abs"} $
(Syntax.const @{syntax_const "_pattern"} $ x_y $ z) $ t
end
| split_tr' _ = raise Match;
in [(@{const_syntax prod_case}, split_tr')] end
*}
(* print "split f" as "\<lambda>(x,y). f x y" and "split (\<lambda>x. f x)" as "\<lambda>(x,y). f x y" *)
typed_print_translation {*
let
fun split_guess_names_tr' _ T [Abs (x, _, Abs _)] = raise Match
| split_guess_names_tr' _ T [Abs (x, xT, t)] =
(case (head_of t) of
Const (@{const_syntax prod_case}, _) => raise Match
| _ =>
let
val (_ :: yT :: _) = binder_types (domain_type T) handle Bind => raise Match;
val (y, t') = atomic_abs_tr' ("y", yT, incr_boundvars 1 t $ Bound 0);
val (x', t'') = atomic_abs_tr' (x, xT, t');
in
Syntax.const @{syntax_const "_abs"} $
(Syntax.const @{syntax_const "_pattern"} $ x' $ y) $ t''
end)
| split_guess_names_tr' _ T [t] =
(case head_of t of
Const (@{const_syntax prod_case}, _) => raise Match
| _ =>
let
val (xT :: yT :: _) = binder_types (domain_type T) handle Bind => raise Match;
val (y, t') = atomic_abs_tr' ("y", yT, incr_boundvars 2 t $ Bound 1 $ Bound 0);
val (x', t'') = atomic_abs_tr' ("x", xT, t');
in
Syntax.const @{syntax_const "_abs"} $
(Syntax.const @{syntax_const "_pattern"} $ x' $ y) $ t''
end)
| split_guess_names_tr' _ _ _ = raise Match;
in [(@{const_syntax prod_case}, split_guess_names_tr')] end
*}
subsubsection {* Code generator setup *}
code_type prod
(SML infix 2 "*")
(OCaml infix 2 "*")
(Haskell "!((_),/ (_))")
(Scala "((_),/ (_))")
code_const Pair
(SML "!((_),/ (_))")
(OCaml "!((_),/ (_))")
(Haskell "!((_),/ (_))")
(Scala "!((_),/ (_))")
code_instance prod :: equal
(Haskell -)
code_const "HOL.equal \<Colon> 'a \<times> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'a \<times> 'b \<Rightarrow> bool"
(Haskell infix 4 "==")
types_code
"prod" ("(_ */ _)")
attach (term_of) {*
fun term_of_prod aF aT bF bT (x, y) = HOLogic.pair_const aT bT $ aF x $ bF y;
*}
attach (test) {*
fun gen_prod aG aT bG bT i =
let
val (x, t) = aG i;
val (y, u) = bG i
in ((x, y), fn () => HOLogic.pair_const aT bT $ t () $ u ()) end;
*}
consts_code
"Pair" ("(_,/ _)")
setup {*
let
fun strip_abs_split 0 t = ([], t)
| strip_abs_split i (Abs (s, T, t)) =
let
val s' = Codegen.new_name t s;
val v = Free (s', T)
in apfst (cons v) (strip_abs_split (i-1) (subst_bound (v, t))) end
| strip_abs_split i (u as Const (@{const_name prod_case}, _) $ t) =
(case strip_abs_split (i+1) t of
(v :: v' :: vs, u) => (HOLogic.mk_prod (v, v') :: vs, u)
| _ => ([], u))
| strip_abs_split i t =
strip_abs_split i (Abs ("x", hd (binder_types (fastype_of t)), t $ Bound 0));
fun let_codegen thy defs dep thyname brack t gr =
(case strip_comb t of
(t1 as Const (@{const_name Let}, _), t2 :: t3 :: ts) =>
let
fun dest_let (l as Const (@{const_name Let}, _) $ t $ u) =
(case strip_abs_split 1 u of
([p], u') => apfst (cons (p, t)) (dest_let u')
| _ => ([], l))
| dest_let t = ([], t);
fun mk_code (l, r) gr =
let
val (pl, gr1) = Codegen.invoke_codegen thy defs dep thyname false l gr;
val (pr, gr2) = Codegen.invoke_codegen thy defs dep thyname false r gr1;
in ((pl, pr), gr2) end
in case dest_let (t1 $ t2 $ t3) of
([], _) => NONE
| (ps, u) =>
let
val (qs, gr1) = fold_map mk_code ps gr;
val (pu, gr2) = Codegen.invoke_codegen thy defs dep thyname false u gr1;
val (pargs, gr3) = fold_map
(Codegen.invoke_codegen thy defs dep thyname true) ts gr2
in
SOME (Codegen.mk_app brack
(Pretty.blk (0, [Codegen.str "let ", Pretty.blk (0, flat
(separate [Codegen.str ";", Pretty.brk 1] (map (fn (pl, pr) =>
[Pretty.block [Codegen.str "val ", pl, Codegen.str " =",
Pretty.brk 1, pr]]) qs))),
Pretty.brk 1, Codegen.str "in ", pu,
Pretty.brk 1, Codegen.str "end"])) pargs, gr3)
end
end
| _ => NONE);
fun split_codegen thy defs dep thyname brack t gr = (case strip_comb t of
(t1 as Const (@{const_name prod_case}, _), t2 :: ts) =>
let
val ([p], u) = strip_abs_split 1 (t1 $ t2);
val (q, gr1) = Codegen.invoke_codegen thy defs dep thyname false p gr;
val (pu, gr2) = Codegen.invoke_codegen thy defs dep thyname false u gr1;
val (pargs, gr3) = fold_map
(Codegen.invoke_codegen thy defs dep thyname true) ts gr2
in
SOME (Codegen.mk_app brack
(Pretty.block [Codegen.str "(fn ", q, Codegen.str " =>",
Pretty.brk 1, pu, Codegen.str ")"]) pargs, gr2)
end
| _ => NONE);
in
Codegen.add_codegen "let_codegen" let_codegen
#> Codegen.add_codegen "split_codegen" split_codegen
end
*}
subsubsection {* Fundamental operations and properties *}
lemma surj_pair [simp]: "EX x y. p = (x, y)"
by (cases p) simp
definition fst :: "'a \<times> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'a" where
"fst p = (case p of (a, b) \<Rightarrow> a)"
definition snd :: "'a \<times> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'b" where
"snd p = (case p of (a, b) \<Rightarrow> b)"
lemma fst_conv [simp, code]: "fst (a, b) = a"
unfolding fst_def by simp
lemma snd_conv [simp, code]: "snd (a, b) = b"
unfolding snd_def by simp
code_const fst and snd
(Haskell "fst" and "snd")
lemma prod_case_unfold [nitpick_unfold]: "prod_case = (%c p. c (fst p) (snd p))"
by (simp add: fun_eq_iff split: prod.split)
lemma fst_eqD: "fst (x, y) = a ==> x = a"
by simp
lemma snd_eqD: "snd (x, y) = a ==> y = a"
by simp
lemma pair_collapse [simp]: "(fst p, snd p) = p"
by (cases p) simp
lemmas surjective_pairing = pair_collapse [symmetric]
lemma Pair_fst_snd_eq: "s = t \<longleftrightarrow> fst s = fst t \<and> snd s = snd t"
by (cases s, cases t) simp
lemma prod_eqI [intro?]: "fst p = fst q \<Longrightarrow> snd p = snd q \<Longrightarrow> p = q"
by (simp add: Pair_fst_snd_eq)
lemma split_conv [simp, code]: "split f (a, b) = f a b"
by (fact prod.cases)
lemma splitI: "f a b \<Longrightarrow> split f (a, b)"
by (rule split_conv [THEN iffD2])
lemma splitD: "split f (a, b) \<Longrightarrow> f a b"
by (rule split_conv [THEN iffD1])
lemma split_Pair [simp]: "(\<lambda>(x, y). (x, y)) = id"
by (simp add: fun_eq_iff split: prod.split)
lemma split_eta: "(\<lambda>(x, y). f (x, y)) = f"
-- {* Subsumes the old @{text split_Pair} when @{term f} is the identity function. *}
by (simp add: fun_eq_iff split: prod.split)
lemma split_comp: "split (f \<circ> g) x = f (g (fst x)) (snd x)"
by (cases x) simp
lemma split_twice: "split f (split g p) = split (\<lambda>x y. split f (g x y)) p"
by (cases p) simp
lemma The_split: "The (split P) = (THE xy. P (fst xy) (snd xy))"
by (simp add: prod_case_unfold)
lemma split_weak_cong: "p = q \<Longrightarrow> split c p = split c q"
-- {* Prevents simplification of @{term c}: much faster *}
by (fact prod.weak_case_cong)
lemma cond_split_eta: "(!!x y. f x y = g (x, y)) ==> (%(x, y). f x y) = g"
by (simp add: split_eta)
lemma split_paired_all: "(!!x. PROP P x) == (!!a b. PROP P (a, b))"
proof
fix a b
assume "!!x. PROP P x"
then show "PROP P (a, b)" .
next
fix x
assume "!!a b. PROP P (a, b)"
from `PROP P (fst x, snd x)` show "PROP P x" by simp
qed
text {*
The rule @{thm [source] split_paired_all} does not work with the
Simplifier because it also affects premises in congrence rules,
where this can lead to premises of the form @{text "!!a b. ... =
?P(a, b)"} which cannot be solved by reflexivity.
*}
lemmas split_tupled_all = split_paired_all unit_all_eq2
ML {*
(* replace parameters of product type by individual component parameters *)
val safe_full_simp_tac = generic_simp_tac true (true, false, false);
local (* filtering with exists_paired_all is an essential optimization *)
fun exists_paired_all (Const ("all", _) $ Abs (_, T, t)) =
can HOLogic.dest_prodT T orelse exists_paired_all t
| exists_paired_all (t $ u) = exists_paired_all t orelse exists_paired_all u
| exists_paired_all (Abs (_, _, t)) = exists_paired_all t
| exists_paired_all _ = false;
val ss = HOL_basic_ss
addsimps [@{thm split_paired_all}, @{thm unit_all_eq2}, @{thm unit_abs_eta_conv}]
addsimprocs [unit_eq_proc];
in
val split_all_tac = SUBGOAL (fn (t, i) =>
if exists_paired_all t then safe_full_simp_tac ss i else no_tac);
val unsafe_split_all_tac = SUBGOAL (fn (t, i) =>
if exists_paired_all t then full_simp_tac ss i else no_tac);
fun split_all th =
if exists_paired_all (Thm.prop_of th) then full_simplify ss th else th;
end;
*}
declaration {* fn _ =>
Classical.map_cs (fn cs => cs addSbefore ("split_all_tac", split_all_tac))
*}
lemma split_paired_All [simp]: "(ALL x. P x) = (ALL a b. P (a, b))"
-- {* @{text "[iff]"} is not a good idea because it makes @{text blast} loop *}
by fast
lemma split_paired_Ex [simp]: "(EX x. P x) = (EX a b. P (a, b))"
by fast
lemma split_paired_The: "(THE x. P x) = (THE (a, b). P (a, b))"
-- {* Can't be added to simpset: loops! *}
by (simp add: split_eta)
text {*
Simplification procedure for @{thm [source] cond_split_eta}. Using
@{thm [source] split_eta} as a rewrite rule is not general enough,
and using @{thm [source] cond_split_eta} directly would render some
existing proofs very inefficient; similarly for @{text
split_beta}.
*}
ML {*
local
val cond_split_eta_ss = HOL_basic_ss addsimps @{thms cond_split_eta};
fun Pair_pat k 0 (Bound m) = (m = k)
| Pair_pat k i (Const (@{const_name Pair}, _) $ Bound m $ t) =
i > 0 andalso m = k + i andalso Pair_pat k (i - 1) t
| Pair_pat _ _ _ = false;
fun no_args k i (Abs (_, _, t)) = no_args (k + 1) i t
| no_args k i (t $ u) = no_args k i t andalso no_args k i u
| no_args k i (Bound m) = m < k orelse m > k + i
| no_args _ _ _ = true;
fun split_pat tp i (Abs (_, _, t)) = if tp 0 i t then SOME (i, t) else NONE
| split_pat tp i (Const (@{const_name prod_case}, _) $ Abs (_, _, t)) = split_pat tp (i + 1) t
| split_pat tp i _ = NONE;
fun metaeq ss lhs rhs = mk_meta_eq (Goal.prove (Simplifier.the_context ss) [] []
(HOLogic.mk_Trueprop (HOLogic.mk_eq (lhs, rhs)))
(K (simp_tac (Simplifier.inherit_context ss cond_split_eta_ss) 1)));
fun beta_term_pat k i (Abs (_, _, t)) = beta_term_pat (k + 1) i t
| beta_term_pat k i (t $ u) =
Pair_pat k i (t $ u) orelse (beta_term_pat k i t andalso beta_term_pat k i u)
| beta_term_pat k i t = no_args k i t;
fun eta_term_pat k i (f $ arg) = no_args k i f andalso Pair_pat k i arg
| eta_term_pat _ _ _ = false;
fun subst arg k i (Abs (x, T, t)) = Abs (x, T, subst arg (k+1) i t)
| subst arg k i (t $ u) =
if Pair_pat k i (t $ u) then incr_boundvars k arg
else (subst arg k i t $ subst arg k i u)
| subst arg k i t = t;
fun beta_proc ss (s as Const (@{const_name prod_case}, _) $ Abs (_, _, t) $ arg) =
(case split_pat beta_term_pat 1 t of
SOME (i, f) => SOME (metaeq ss s (subst arg 0 i f))
| NONE => NONE)
| beta_proc _ _ = NONE;
fun eta_proc ss (s as Const (@{const_name prod_case}, _) $ Abs (_, _, t)) =
(case split_pat eta_term_pat 1 t of
SOME (_, ft) => SOME (metaeq ss s (let val (f $ arg) = ft in f end))
| NONE => NONE)
| eta_proc _ _ = NONE;
in
val split_beta_proc = Simplifier.simproc_global @{theory} "split_beta" ["split f z"] (K beta_proc);
val split_eta_proc = Simplifier.simproc_global @{theory} "split_eta" ["split f"] (K eta_proc);
end;
Addsimprocs [split_beta_proc, split_eta_proc];
*}
lemma split_beta [mono]: "(%(x, y). P x y) z = P (fst z) (snd z)"
by (subst surjective_pairing, rule split_conv)
lemma split_split [no_atp]: "R(split c p) = (ALL x y. p = (x, y) --> R(c x y))"
-- {* For use with @{text split} and the Simplifier. *}
by (insert surj_pair [of p], clarify, simp)
text {*
@{thm [source] split_split} could be declared as @{text "[split]"}
done after the Splitter has been speeded up significantly;
precompute the constants involved and don't do anything unless the
current goal contains one of those constants.
*}
lemma split_split_asm [no_atp]: "R (split c p) = (~(EX x y. p = (x, y) & (~R (c x y))))"
by (subst split_split, simp)
text {*
\medskip @{term split} used as a logical connective or set former.
\medskip These rules are for use with @{text blast}; could instead
call @{text simp} using @{thm [source] prod.split} as rewrite. *}
lemma splitI2: "!!p. [| !!a b. p = (a, b) ==> c a b |] ==> split c p"
apply (simp only: split_tupled_all)
apply (simp (no_asm_simp))
done
lemma splitI2': "!!p. [| !!a b. (a, b) = p ==> c a b x |] ==> split c p x"
apply (simp only: split_tupled_all)
apply (simp (no_asm_simp))
done
lemma splitE: "split c p ==> (!!x y. p = (x, y) ==> c x y ==> Q) ==> Q"
by (induct p) auto
lemma splitE': "split c p z ==> (!!x y. p = (x, y) ==> c x y z ==> Q) ==> Q"
by (induct p) auto
lemma splitE2:
"[| Q (split P z); !!x y. [|z = (x, y); Q (P x y)|] ==> R |] ==> R"
proof -
assume q: "Q (split P z)"
assume r: "!!x y. [|z = (x, y); Q (P x y)|] ==> R"
show R
apply (rule r surjective_pairing)+
apply (rule split_beta [THEN subst], rule q)
done
qed
lemma splitD': "split R (a,b) c ==> R a b c"
by simp
lemma mem_splitI: "z: c a b ==> z: split c (a, b)"
by simp
lemma mem_splitI2: "!!p. [| !!a b. p = (a, b) ==> z: c a b |] ==> z: split c p"
by (simp only: split_tupled_all, simp)
lemma mem_splitE:
assumes major: "z \<in> split c p"
and cases: "\<And>x y. p = (x, y) \<Longrightarrow> z \<in> c x y \<Longrightarrow> Q"
shows Q
by (rule major [unfolded prod_case_unfold] cases surjective_pairing)+
declare mem_splitI2 [intro!] mem_splitI [intro!] splitI2' [intro!] splitI2 [intro!] splitI [intro!]
declare mem_splitE [elim!] splitE' [elim!] splitE [elim!]
ML {*
local (* filtering with exists_p_split is an essential optimization *)
fun exists_p_split (Const (@{const_name prod_case},_) $ _ $ (Const (@{const_name Pair},_)$_$_)) = true
| exists_p_split (t $ u) = exists_p_split t orelse exists_p_split u
| exists_p_split (Abs (_, _, t)) = exists_p_split t
| exists_p_split _ = false;
val ss = HOL_basic_ss addsimps @{thms split_conv};
in
val split_conv_tac = SUBGOAL (fn (t, i) =>
if exists_p_split t then safe_full_simp_tac ss i else no_tac);
end;
*}
(* This prevents applications of splitE for already splitted arguments leading
to quite time-consuming computations (in particular for nested tuples) *)
declaration {* fn _ =>
Classical.map_cs (fn cs => cs addSbefore ("split_conv_tac", split_conv_tac))
*}
lemma split_eta_SetCompr [simp,no_atp]: "(%u. EX x y. u = (x, y) & P (x, y)) = P"
by (rule ext) fast
lemma split_eta_SetCompr2 [simp,no_atp]: "(%u. EX x y. u = (x, y) & P x y) = split P"
by (rule ext) fast
lemma split_part [simp]: "(%(a,b). P & Q a b) = (%ab. P & split Q ab)"
-- {* Allows simplifications of nested splits in case of independent predicates. *}
by (rule ext) blast
(* Do NOT make this a simp rule as it
a) only helps in special situations
b) can lead to nontermination in the presence of split_def
*)
lemma split_comp_eq:
fixes f :: "'a => 'b => 'c" and g :: "'d => 'a"
shows "(%u. f (g (fst u)) (snd u)) = (split (%x. f (g x)))"
by (rule ext) auto
lemma pair_imageI [intro]: "(a, b) : A ==> f a b : (%(a, b). f a b) ` A"
apply (rule_tac x = "(a, b)" in image_eqI)
apply auto
done
lemma The_split_eq [simp]: "(THE (x',y'). x = x' & y = y') = (x, y)"
by blast
(*
the following would be slightly more general,
but cannot be used as rewrite rule:
### Cannot add premise as rewrite rule because it contains (type) unknowns:
### ?y = .x
Goal "[| P y; !!x. P x ==> x = y |] ==> (@(x',y). x = x' & P y) = (x,y)"
by (rtac some_equality 1)
by ( Simp_tac 1)
by (split_all_tac 1)
by (Asm_full_simp_tac 1)
qed "The_split_eq";
*)
text {*
Setup of internal @{text split_rule}.
*}
lemmas prod_caseI = prod.cases [THEN iffD2, standard]
lemma prod_caseI2: "!!p. [| !!a b. p = (a, b) ==> c a b |] ==> prod_case c p"
by (fact splitI2)
lemma prod_caseI2': "!!p. [| !!a b. (a, b) = p ==> c a b x |] ==> prod_case c p x"
by (fact splitI2')
lemma prod_caseE: "prod_case c p ==> (!!x y. p = (x, y) ==> c x y ==> Q) ==> Q"
by (fact splitE)
lemma prod_caseE': "prod_case c p z ==> (!!x y. p = (x, y) ==> c x y z ==> Q) ==> Q"
by (fact splitE')
declare prod_caseI [intro!]
lemma prod_case_beta:
"prod_case f p = f (fst p) (snd p)"
by (fact split_beta)
lemma prod_cases3 [cases type]:
obtains (fields) a b c where "y = (a, b, c)"
by (cases y, case_tac b) blast
lemma prod_induct3 [case_names fields, induct type]:
"(!!a b c. P (a, b, c)) ==> P x"
by (cases x) blast
lemma prod_cases4 [cases type]:
obtains (fields) a b c d where "y = (a, b, c, d)"
by (cases y, case_tac c) blast
lemma prod_induct4 [case_names fields, induct type]:
"(!!a b c d. P (a, b, c, d)) ==> P x"
by (cases x) blast
lemma prod_cases5 [cases type]:
obtains (fields) a b c d e where "y = (a, b, c, d, e)"
by (cases y, case_tac d) blast
lemma prod_induct5 [case_names fields, induct type]:
"(!!a b c d e. P (a, b, c, d, e)) ==> P x"
by (cases x) blast
lemma prod_cases6 [cases type]:
obtains (fields) a b c d e f where "y = (a, b, c, d, e, f)"
by (cases y, case_tac e) blast
lemma prod_induct6 [case_names fields, induct type]:
"(!!a b c d e f. P (a, b, c, d, e, f)) ==> P x"
by (cases x) blast
lemma prod_cases7 [cases type]:
obtains (fields) a b c d e f g where "y = (a, b, c, d, e, f, g)"
by (cases y, case_tac f) blast
lemma prod_induct7 [case_names fields, induct type]:
"(!!a b c d e f g. P (a, b, c, d, e, f, g)) ==> P x"
by (cases x) blast
lemma split_def:
"split = (\<lambda>c p. c (fst p) (snd p))"
by (fact prod_case_unfold)
definition internal_split :: "('a \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'c) \<Rightarrow> 'a \<times> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'c" where
"internal_split == split"
lemma internal_split_conv: "internal_split c (a, b) = c a b"
by (simp only: internal_split_def split_conv)
use "Tools/split_rule.ML"
setup Split_Rule.setup
hide_const internal_split
subsubsection {* Derived operations *}
definition curry :: "('a \<times> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'c) \<Rightarrow> 'a \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'c" where
"curry = (\<lambda>c x y. c (x, y))"
lemma curry_conv [simp, code]: "curry f a b = f (a, b)"
by (simp add: curry_def)
lemma curryI [intro!]: "f (a, b) \<Longrightarrow> curry f a b"
by (simp add: curry_def)
lemma curryD [dest!]: "curry f a b \<Longrightarrow> f (a, b)"
by (simp add: curry_def)
lemma curryE: "curry f a b \<Longrightarrow> (f (a, b) \<Longrightarrow> Q) \<Longrightarrow> Q"
by (simp add: curry_def)
lemma curry_split [simp]: "curry (split f) = f"
by (simp add: curry_def split_def)
lemma split_curry [simp]: "split (curry f) = f"
by (simp add: curry_def split_def)
text {*
The composition-uncurry combinator.
*}
notation fcomp (infixl "\<circ>>" 60)
definition scomp :: "('a \<Rightarrow> 'b \<times> 'c) \<Rightarrow> ('b \<Rightarrow> 'c \<Rightarrow> 'd) \<Rightarrow> 'a \<Rightarrow> 'd" (infixl "\<circ>\<rightarrow>" 60) where
"f \<circ>\<rightarrow> g = (\<lambda>x. prod_case g (f x))"
lemma scomp_unfold: "scomp = (\<lambda>f g x. g (fst (f x)) (snd (f x)))"
by (simp add: fun_eq_iff scomp_def prod_case_unfold)
lemma scomp_apply [simp]: "(f \<circ>\<rightarrow> g) x = prod_case g (f x)"
by (simp add: scomp_unfold prod_case_unfold)
lemma Pair_scomp: "Pair x \<circ>\<rightarrow> f = f x"
by (simp add: fun_eq_iff scomp_apply)
lemma scomp_Pair: "x \<circ>\<rightarrow> Pair = x"
by (simp add: fun_eq_iff scomp_apply)
lemma scomp_scomp: "(f \<circ>\<rightarrow> g) \<circ>\<rightarrow> h = f \<circ>\<rightarrow> (\<lambda>x. g x \<circ>\<rightarrow> h)"
by (simp add: fun_eq_iff scomp_unfold)
lemma scomp_fcomp: "(f \<circ>\<rightarrow> g) \<circ>> h = f \<circ>\<rightarrow> (\<lambda>x. g x \<circ>> h)"
by (simp add: fun_eq_iff scomp_unfold fcomp_def)
lemma fcomp_scomp: "(f \<circ>> g) \<circ>\<rightarrow> h = f \<circ>> (g \<circ>\<rightarrow> h)"
by (simp add: fun_eq_iff scomp_unfold fcomp_apply)
code_const scomp
(Eval infixl 3 "#->")
no_notation fcomp (infixl "\<circ>>" 60)
no_notation scomp (infixl "\<circ>\<rightarrow>" 60)
text {*
@{term map_pair} --- action of the product functor upon
functions.
*}
definition map_pair :: "('a \<Rightarrow> 'c) \<Rightarrow> ('b \<Rightarrow> 'd) \<Rightarrow> 'a \<times> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'c \<times> 'd" where
"map_pair f g = (\<lambda>(x, y). (f x, g y))"
lemma map_pair_simp [simp, code]:
"map_pair f g (a, b) = (f a, g b)"
by (simp add: map_pair_def)
enriched_type map_pair: map_pair
by (auto simp add: split_paired_all intro: ext)
lemma fst_map_pair [simp]:
"fst (map_pair f g x) = f (fst x)"
by (cases x) simp_all
lemma snd_prod_fun [simp]:
"snd (map_pair f g x) = g (snd x)"
by (cases x) simp_all
lemma fst_comp_map_pair [simp]:
"fst \<circ> map_pair f g = f \<circ> fst"
by (rule ext) simp_all
lemma snd_comp_map_pair [simp]:
"snd \<circ> map_pair f g = g \<circ> snd"
by (rule ext) simp_all
lemma map_pair_compose:
"map_pair (f1 o f2) (g1 o g2) = (map_pair f1 g1 o map_pair f2 g2)"
by (rule ext) (simp add: map_pair.compositionality comp_def)
lemma map_pair_ident [simp]:
"map_pair (%x. x) (%y. y) = (%z. z)"
by (rule ext) (simp add: map_pair.identity)
lemma map_pair_imageI [intro]:
"(a, b) \<in> R \<Longrightarrow> (f a, g b) \<in> map_pair f g ` R"
by (rule image_eqI) simp_all
lemma prod_fun_imageE [elim!]:
assumes major: "c \<in> map_pair f g ` R"
and cases: "\<And>x y. c = (f x, g y) \<Longrightarrow> (x, y) \<in> R \<Longrightarrow> P"
shows P
apply (rule major [THEN imageE])
apply (case_tac x)
apply (rule cases)
apply simp_all
done
definition apfst :: "('a \<Rightarrow> 'c) \<Rightarrow> 'a \<times> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'c \<times> 'b" where
"apfst f = map_pair f id"
definition apsnd :: "('b \<Rightarrow> 'c) \<Rightarrow> 'a \<times> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'a \<times> 'c" where
"apsnd f = map_pair id f"
lemma apfst_conv [simp, code]:
"apfst f (x, y) = (f x, y)"
by (simp add: apfst_def)
lemma apsnd_conv [simp, code]:
"apsnd f (x, y) = (x, f y)"
by (simp add: apsnd_def)
lemma fst_apfst [simp]:
"fst (apfst f x) = f (fst x)"
by (cases x) simp
lemma fst_apsnd [simp]:
"fst (apsnd f x) = fst x"
by (cases x) simp
lemma snd_apfst [simp]:
"snd (apfst f x) = snd x"
by (cases x) simp
lemma snd_apsnd [simp]:
"snd (apsnd f x) = f (snd x)"
by (cases x) simp
lemma apfst_compose:
"apfst f (apfst g x) = apfst (f \<circ> g) x"
by (cases x) simp
lemma apsnd_compose:
"apsnd f (apsnd g x) = apsnd (f \<circ> g) x"
by (cases x) simp
lemma apfst_apsnd [simp]:
"apfst f (apsnd g x) = (f (fst x), g (snd x))"
by (cases x) simp
lemma apsnd_apfst [simp]:
"apsnd f (apfst g x) = (g (fst x), f (snd x))"
by (cases x) simp
lemma apfst_id [simp] :
"apfst id = id"
by (simp add: fun_eq_iff)
lemma apsnd_id [simp] :
"apsnd id = id"
by (simp add: fun_eq_iff)
lemma apfst_eq_conv [simp]:
"apfst f x = apfst g x \<longleftrightarrow> f (fst x) = g (fst x)"
by (cases x) simp
lemma apsnd_eq_conv [simp]:
"apsnd f x = apsnd g x \<longleftrightarrow> f (snd x) = g (snd x)"
by (cases x) simp
lemma apsnd_apfst_commute:
"apsnd f (apfst g p) = apfst g (apsnd f p)"
by simp
text {*
Disjoint union of a family of sets -- Sigma.
*}
definition Sigma :: "['a set, 'a => 'b set] => ('a \<times> 'b) set" where
Sigma_def: "Sigma A B == UN x:A. UN y:B x. {Pair x y}"
abbreviation
Times :: "['a set, 'b set] => ('a * 'b) set"
(infixr "<*>" 80) where
"A <*> B == Sigma A (%_. B)"
notation (xsymbols)
Times (infixr "\<times>" 80)
notation (HTML output)
Times (infixr "\<times>" 80)
syntax
"_Sigma" :: "[pttrn, 'a set, 'b set] => ('a * 'b) set" ("(3SIGMA _:_./ _)" [0, 0, 10] 10)
translations
"SIGMA x:A. B" == "CONST Sigma A (%x. B)"
lemma SigmaI [intro!]: "[| a:A; b:B(a) |] ==> (a,b) : Sigma A B"
by (unfold Sigma_def) blast
lemma SigmaE [elim!]:
"[| c: Sigma A B;
!!x y.[| x:A; y:B(x); c=(x,y) |] ==> P
|] ==> P"
-- {* The general elimination rule. *}
by (unfold Sigma_def) blast
text {*
Elimination of @{term "(a, b) : A \<times> B"} -- introduces no
eigenvariables.
*}
lemma SigmaD1: "(a, b) : Sigma A B ==> a : A"
by blast
lemma SigmaD2: "(a, b) : Sigma A B ==> b : B a"
by blast
lemma SigmaE2:
"[| (a, b) : Sigma A B;
[| a:A; b:B(a) |] ==> P
|] ==> P"
by blast
lemma Sigma_cong:
"\<lbrakk>A = B; !!x. x \<in> B \<Longrightarrow> C x = D x\<rbrakk>
\<Longrightarrow> (SIGMA x: A. C x) = (SIGMA x: B. D x)"
by auto
lemma Sigma_mono: "[| A <= C; !!x. x:A ==> B x <= D x |] ==> Sigma A B <= Sigma C D"
by blast
lemma Sigma_empty1 [simp]: "Sigma {} B = {}"
by blast
lemma Sigma_empty2 [simp]: "A <*> {} = {}"
by blast
lemma UNIV_Times_UNIV [simp]: "UNIV <*> UNIV = UNIV"
by auto
lemma Compl_Times_UNIV1 [simp]: "- (UNIV <*> A) = UNIV <*> (-A)"
by auto
lemma Compl_Times_UNIV2 [simp]: "- (A <*> UNIV) = (-A) <*> UNIV"
by auto
lemma mem_Sigma_iff [iff]: "((a,b): Sigma A B) = (a:A & b:B(a))"
by blast
lemma Times_subset_cancel2: "x:C ==> (A <*> C <= B <*> C) = (A <= B)"
by blast
lemma Times_eq_cancel2: "x:C ==> (A <*> C = B <*> C) = (A = B)"
by (blast elim: equalityE)
lemma SetCompr_Sigma_eq:
"Collect (split (%x y. P x & Q x y)) = (SIGMA x:Collect P. Collect (Q x))"
by blast
lemma Collect_split [simp]: "{(a,b). P a & Q b} = Collect P <*> Collect Q"
by blast
lemma UN_Times_distrib:
"(UN (a,b):(A <*> B). E a <*> F b) = (UNION A E) <*> (UNION B F)"
-- {* Suggested by Pierre Chartier *}
by blast
lemma split_paired_Ball_Sigma [simp,no_atp]:
"(ALL z: Sigma A B. P z) = (ALL x:A. ALL y: B x. P(x,y))"
by blast
lemma split_paired_Bex_Sigma [simp,no_atp]:
"(EX z: Sigma A B. P z) = (EX x:A. EX y: B x. P(x,y))"
by blast
lemma Sigma_Un_distrib1: "(SIGMA i:I Un J. C(i)) = (SIGMA i:I. C(i)) Un (SIGMA j:J. C(j))"
by blast
lemma Sigma_Un_distrib2: "(SIGMA i:I. A(i) Un B(i)) = (SIGMA i:I. A(i)) Un (SIGMA i:I. B(i))"
by blast
lemma Sigma_Int_distrib1: "(SIGMA i:I Int J. C(i)) = (SIGMA i:I. C(i)) Int (SIGMA j:J. C(j))"
by blast
lemma Sigma_Int_distrib2: "(SIGMA i:I. A(i) Int B(i)) = (SIGMA i:I. A(i)) Int (SIGMA i:I. B(i))"
by blast
lemma Sigma_Diff_distrib1: "(SIGMA i:I - J. C(i)) = (SIGMA i:I. C(i)) - (SIGMA j:J. C(j))"
by blast
lemma Sigma_Diff_distrib2: "(SIGMA i:I. A(i) - B(i)) = (SIGMA i:I. A(i)) - (SIGMA i:I. B(i))"
by blast
lemma Sigma_Union: "Sigma (Union X) B = (UN A:X. Sigma A B)"
by blast
text {*
Non-dependent versions are needed to avoid the need for higher-order
matching, especially when the rules are re-oriented.
*}
lemma Times_Un_distrib1: "(A Un B) <*> C = (A <*> C) Un (B <*> C)"
by blast
lemma Times_Int_distrib1: "(A Int B) <*> C = (A <*> C) Int (B <*> C)"
by blast
lemma Times_Diff_distrib1: "(A - B) <*> C = (A <*> C) - (B <*> C)"
by blast
lemma Times_empty[simp]: "A \<times> B = {} \<longleftrightarrow> A = {} \<or> B = {}"
by auto
lemma fst_image_times[simp]: "fst ` (A \<times> B) = (if B = {} then {} else A)"
by (auto intro!: image_eqI)
lemma snd_image_times[simp]: "snd ` (A \<times> B) = (if A = {} then {} else B)"
by (auto intro!: image_eqI)
lemma insert_times_insert[simp]:
"insert a A \<times> insert b B =
insert (a,b) (A \<times> insert b B \<union> insert a A \<times> B)"
by blast
lemma vimage_Times: "f -` (A \<times> B) = ((fst \<circ> f) -` A) \<inter> ((snd \<circ> f) -` B)"
by (auto, case_tac "f x", auto)
lemma swap_inj_on:
"inj_on (\<lambda>(i, j). (j, i)) A"
by (auto intro!: inj_onI)
lemma swap_product:
"(%(i, j). (j, i)) ` (A \<times> B) = B \<times> A"
by (simp add: split_def image_def) blast
lemma image_split_eq_Sigma:
"(\<lambda>x. (f x, g x)) ` A = Sigma (f ` A) (\<lambda>x. g ` (f -` {x} \<inter> A))"
proof (safe intro!: imageI vimageI)
fix a b assume *: "a \<in> A" "b \<in> A" and eq: "f a = f b"
show "(f b, g a) \<in> (\<lambda>x. (f x, g x)) ` A"
using * eq[symmetric] by auto
qed simp_all
text {* The following @{const map_pair} lemmas are due to Joachim Breitner: *}
lemma map_pair_inj_on:
assumes "inj_on f A" and "inj_on g B"
shows "inj_on (map_pair f g) (A \<times> B)"
proof (rule inj_onI)
fix x :: "'a \<times> 'c" and y :: "'a \<times> 'c"
assume "x \<in> A \<times> B" hence "fst x \<in> A" and "snd x \<in> B" by auto
assume "y \<in> A \<times> B" hence "fst y \<in> A" and "snd y \<in> B" by auto
assume "map_pair f g x = map_pair f g y"
hence "fst (map_pair f g x) = fst (map_pair f g y)" by (auto)
hence "f (fst x) = f (fst y)" by (cases x,cases y,auto)
with `inj_on f A` and `fst x \<in> A` and `fst y \<in> A`
have "fst x = fst y" by (auto dest:dest:inj_onD)
moreover from `map_pair f g x = map_pair f g y`
have "snd (map_pair f g x) = snd (map_pair f g y)" by (auto)
hence "g (snd x) = g (snd y)" by (cases x,cases y,auto)
with `inj_on g B` and `snd x \<in> B` and `snd y \<in> B`
have "snd x = snd y" by (auto dest:dest:inj_onD)
ultimately show "x = y" by(rule prod_eqI)
qed
lemma map_pair_surj:
fixes f :: "'a \<Rightarrow> 'b" and g :: "'c \<Rightarrow> 'd"
assumes "surj f" and "surj g"
shows "surj (map_pair f g)"
unfolding surj_def
proof
fix y :: "'b \<times> 'd"
from `surj f` obtain a where "fst y = f a" by (auto elim:surjE)
moreover
from `surj g` obtain b where "snd y = g b" by (auto elim:surjE)
ultimately have "(fst y, snd y) = map_pair f g (a,b)" by auto
thus "\<exists>x. y = map_pair f g x" by auto
qed
lemma map_pair_surj_on:
assumes "f ` A = A'" and "g ` B = B'"
shows "map_pair f g ` (A \<times> B) = A' \<times> B'"
unfolding image_def
proof(rule set_eqI,rule iffI)
fix x :: "'a \<times> 'c"
assume "x \<in> {y\<Colon>'a \<times> 'c. \<exists>x\<Colon>'b \<times> 'd\<in>A \<times> B. y = map_pair f g x}"
then obtain y where "y \<in> A \<times> B" and "x = map_pair f g y" by blast
from `image f A = A'` and `y \<in> A \<times> B` have "f (fst y) \<in> A'" by auto
moreover from `image g B = B'` and `y \<in> A \<times> B` have "g (snd y) \<in> B'" by auto
ultimately have "(f (fst y), g (snd y)) \<in> (A' \<times> B')" by auto
with `x = map_pair f g y` show "x \<in> A' \<times> B'" by (cases y, auto)
next
fix x :: "'a \<times> 'c"
assume "x \<in> A' \<times> B'" hence "fst x \<in> A'" and "snd x \<in> B'" by auto
from `image f A = A'` and `fst x \<in> A'` have "fst x \<in> image f A" by auto
then obtain a where "a \<in> A" and "fst x = f a" by (rule imageE)
moreover from `image g B = B'` and `snd x \<in> B'`
obtain b where "b \<in> B" and "snd x = g b" by auto
ultimately have "(fst x, snd x) = map_pair f g (a,b)" by auto
moreover from `a \<in> A` and `b \<in> B` have "(a , b) \<in> A \<times> B" by auto
ultimately have "\<exists>y \<in> A \<times> B. x = map_pair f g y" by auto
thus "x \<in> {x. \<exists>y \<in> A \<times> B. x = map_pair f g y}" by auto
qed
subsection {* Inductively defined sets *}
use "Tools/inductive_codegen.ML"
setup Inductive_Codegen.setup
use "Tools/inductive_set.ML"
setup Inductive_Set.setup
subsection {* Legacy theorem bindings and duplicates *}
lemma PairE:
obtains x y where "p = (x, y)"
by (fact prod.exhaust)
lemma Pair_inject:
assumes "(a, b) = (a', b')"
and "a = a' ==> b = b' ==> R"
shows R
using assms by simp
lemmas Pair_eq = prod.inject
lemmas split = split_conv -- {* for backwards compatibility *}
end