(* Title: ZF/List_ZF.thy
Author: Lawrence C Paulson, Cambridge University Computer Laboratory
Copyright 1994 University of Cambridge
*)
section\<open>Lists in Zermelo-Fraenkel Set Theory\<close>
theory List_ZF imports Datatype_ZF ArithSimp begin
consts
list :: "i=>i"
datatype
"list(A)" = Nil | Cons ("a \<in> A", "l \<in> list(A)")
syntax
"_Nil" :: i ("[]")
"_List" :: "is => i" ("[(_)]")
translations
"[x, xs]" == "CONST Cons(x, [xs])"
"[x]" == "CONST Cons(x, [])"
"[]" == "CONST Nil"
consts
length :: "i=>i"
hd :: "i=>i"
tl :: "i=>i"
primrec
"length([]) = 0"
"length(Cons(a,l)) = succ(length(l))"
primrec
"hd([]) = 0"
"hd(Cons(a,l)) = a"
primrec
"tl([]) = []"
"tl(Cons(a,l)) = l"
consts
map :: "[i=>i, i] => i"
set_of_list :: "i=>i"
app :: "[i,i]=>i" (infixr "@" 60)
(*map is a binding operator -- it applies to meta-level functions, not
object-level functions. This simplifies the final form of term_rec_conv,
although complicating its derivation.*)
primrec
"map(f,[]) = []"
"map(f,Cons(a,l)) = Cons(f(a), map(f,l))"
primrec
"set_of_list([]) = 0"
"set_of_list(Cons(a,l)) = cons(a, set_of_list(l))"
primrec
app_Nil: "[] @ ys = ys"
app_Cons: "(Cons(a,l)) @ ys = Cons(a, l @ ys)"
consts
rev :: "i=>i"
flat :: "i=>i"
list_add :: "i=>i"
primrec
"rev([]) = []"
"rev(Cons(a,l)) = rev(l) @ [a]"
primrec
"flat([]) = []"
"flat(Cons(l,ls)) = l @ flat(ls)"
primrec
"list_add([]) = 0"
"list_add(Cons(a,l)) = a #+ list_add(l)"
consts
drop :: "[i,i]=>i"
primrec
drop_0: "drop(0,l) = l"
drop_succ: "drop(succ(i), l) = tl (drop(i,l))"
(*** Thanks to Sidi Ehmety for the following ***)
definition
(* Function `take' returns the first n elements of a list *)
take :: "[i,i]=>i" where
"take(n, as) == list_rec(\<lambda>n\<in>nat. [],
%a l r. \<lambda>n\<in>nat. nat_case([], %m. Cons(a, r`m), n), as)`n"
definition
nth :: "[i, i]=>i" where
\<comment>\<open>returns the (n+1)th element of a list, or 0 if the
list is too short.\<close>
"nth(n, as) == list_rec(\<lambda>n\<in>nat. 0,
%a l r. \<lambda>n\<in>nat. nat_case(a, %m. r`m, n), as) ` n"
definition
list_update :: "[i, i, i]=>i" where
"list_update(xs, i, v) == list_rec(\<lambda>n\<in>nat. Nil,
%u us vs. \<lambda>n\<in>nat. nat_case(Cons(v, us), %m. Cons(u, vs`m), n), xs)`i"
consts
filter :: "[i=>o, i] => i"
upt :: "[i, i] =>i"
primrec
"filter(P, Nil) = Nil"
"filter(P, Cons(x, xs)) =
(if P(x) then Cons(x, filter(P, xs)) else filter(P, xs))"
primrec
"upt(i, 0) = Nil"
"upt(i, succ(j)) = (if i \<le> j then upt(i, j)@[j] else Nil)"
definition
min :: "[i,i] =>i" where
"min(x, y) == (if x \<le> y then x else y)"
definition
max :: "[i, i] =>i" where
"max(x, y) == (if x \<le> y then y else x)"
(*** Aspects of the datatype definition ***)
declare list.intros [simp,TC]
(*An elimination rule, for type-checking*)
inductive_cases ConsE: "Cons(a,l) \<in> list(A)"
lemma Cons_type_iff [simp]: "Cons(a,l) \<in> list(A) \<longleftrightarrow> a \<in> A & l \<in> list(A)"
by (blast elim: ConsE)
(*Proving freeness results*)
lemma Cons_iff: "Cons(a,l)=Cons(a',l') \<longleftrightarrow> a=a' & l=l'"
by auto
lemma Nil_Cons_iff: "~ Nil=Cons(a,l)"
by auto
lemma list_unfold: "list(A) = {0} + (A * list(A))"
by (blast intro!: list.intros [unfolded list.con_defs]
elim: list.cases [unfolded list.con_defs])
(** Lemmas to justify using "list" in other recursive type definitions **)
lemma list_mono: "A<=B ==> list(A) \<subseteq> list(B)"
apply (unfold list.defs )
apply (rule lfp_mono)
apply (simp_all add: list.bnd_mono)
apply (assumption | rule univ_mono basic_monos)+
done
(*There is a similar proof by list induction.*)
lemma list_univ: "list(univ(A)) \<subseteq> univ(A)"
apply (unfold list.defs list.con_defs)
apply (rule lfp_lowerbound)
apply (rule_tac [2] A_subset_univ [THEN univ_mono])
apply (blast intro!: zero_in_univ Inl_in_univ Inr_in_univ Pair_in_univ)
done
(*These two theorems justify datatypes involving list(nat), list(A), ...*)
lemmas list_subset_univ = subset_trans [OF list_mono list_univ]
lemma list_into_univ: "[| l \<in> list(A); A \<subseteq> univ(B) |] ==> l \<in> univ(B)"
by (blast intro: list_subset_univ [THEN subsetD])
lemma list_case_type:
"[| l \<in> list(A);
c \<in> C(Nil);
!!x y. [| x \<in> A; y \<in> list(A) |] ==> h(x,y): C(Cons(x,y))
|] ==> list_case(c,h,l) \<in> C(l)"
by (erule list.induct, auto)
lemma list_0_triv: "list(0) = {Nil}"
apply (rule equalityI, auto)
apply (induct_tac x, auto)
done
(*** List functions ***)
lemma tl_type: "l \<in> list(A) ==> tl(l) \<in> list(A)"
apply (induct_tac "l")
apply (simp_all (no_asm_simp) add: list.intros)
done
(** drop **)
lemma drop_Nil [simp]: "i \<in> nat ==> drop(i, Nil) = Nil"
apply (induct_tac "i")
apply (simp_all (no_asm_simp))
done
lemma drop_succ_Cons [simp]: "i \<in> nat ==> drop(succ(i), Cons(a,l)) = drop(i,l)"
apply (rule sym)
apply (induct_tac "i")
apply (simp (no_asm))
apply (simp (no_asm_simp))
done
lemma drop_type [simp,TC]: "[| i \<in> nat; l \<in> list(A) |] ==> drop(i,l) \<in> list(A)"
apply (induct_tac "i")
apply (simp_all (no_asm_simp) add: tl_type)
done
declare drop_succ [simp del]
(** Type checking -- proved by induction, as usual **)
lemma list_rec_type [TC]:
"[| l \<in> list(A);
c \<in> C(Nil);
!!x y r. [| x \<in> A; y \<in> list(A); r \<in> C(y) |] ==> h(x,y,r): C(Cons(x,y))
|] ==> list_rec(c,h,l) \<in> C(l)"
by (induct_tac "l", auto)
(** map **)
lemma map_type [TC]:
"[| l \<in> list(A); !!x. x \<in> A ==> h(x): B |] ==> map(h,l) \<in> list(B)"
apply (simp add: map_list_def)
apply (typecheck add: list.intros list_rec_type, blast)
done
lemma map_type2 [TC]: "l \<in> list(A) ==> map(h,l) \<in> list({h(u). u \<in> A})"
apply (erule map_type)
apply (erule RepFunI)
done
(** length **)
lemma length_type [TC]: "l \<in> list(A) ==> length(l) \<in> nat"
by (simp add: length_list_def)
lemma lt_length_in_nat:
"[|x < length(xs); xs \<in> list(A)|] ==> x \<in> nat"
by (frule lt_nat_in_nat, typecheck)
(** app **)
lemma app_type [TC]: "[| xs: list(A); ys: list(A) |] ==> xs@ys \<in> list(A)"
by (simp add: app_list_def)
(** rev **)
lemma rev_type [TC]: "xs: list(A) ==> rev(xs) \<in> list(A)"
by (simp add: rev_list_def)
(** flat **)
lemma flat_type [TC]: "ls: list(list(A)) ==> flat(ls) \<in> list(A)"
by (simp add: flat_list_def)
(** set_of_list **)
lemma set_of_list_type [TC]: "l \<in> list(A) ==> set_of_list(l) \<in> Pow(A)"
apply (unfold set_of_list_list_def)
apply (erule list_rec_type, auto)
done
lemma set_of_list_append:
"xs: list(A) ==> set_of_list (xs@ys) = set_of_list(xs) \<union> set_of_list(ys)"
apply (erule list.induct)
apply (simp_all (no_asm_simp) add: Un_cons)
done
(** list_add **)
lemma list_add_type [TC]: "xs: list(nat) ==> list_add(xs) \<in> nat"
by (simp add: list_add_list_def)
(*** theorems about map ***)
lemma map_ident [simp]: "l \<in> list(A) ==> map(%u. u, l) = l"
apply (induct_tac "l")
apply (simp_all (no_asm_simp))
done
lemma map_compose: "l \<in> list(A) ==> map(h, map(j,l)) = map(%u. h(j(u)), l)"
apply (induct_tac "l")
apply (simp_all (no_asm_simp))
done
lemma map_app_distrib: "xs: list(A) ==> map(h, xs@ys) = map(h,xs) @ map(h,ys)"
apply (induct_tac "xs")
apply (simp_all (no_asm_simp))
done
lemma map_flat: "ls: list(list(A)) ==> map(h, flat(ls)) = flat(map(map(h),ls))"
apply (induct_tac "ls")
apply (simp_all (no_asm_simp) add: map_app_distrib)
done
lemma list_rec_map:
"l \<in> list(A) ==>
list_rec(c, d, map(h,l)) =
list_rec(c, %x xs r. d(h(x), map(h,xs), r), l)"
apply (induct_tac "l")
apply (simp_all (no_asm_simp))
done
(** theorems about list(Collect(A,P)) -- used in Induct/Term.thy **)
(* @{term"c \<in> list(Collect(B,P)) ==> c \<in> list"} *)
lemmas list_CollectD = Collect_subset [THEN list_mono, THEN subsetD]
lemma map_list_Collect: "l \<in> list({x \<in> A. h(x)=j(x)}) ==> map(h,l) = map(j,l)"
apply (induct_tac "l")
apply (simp_all (no_asm_simp))
done
(*** theorems about length ***)
lemma length_map [simp]: "xs: list(A) ==> length(map(h,xs)) = length(xs)"
by (induct_tac "xs", simp_all)
lemma length_app [simp]:
"[| xs: list(A); ys: list(A) |]
==> length(xs@ys) = length(xs) #+ length(ys)"
by (induct_tac "xs", simp_all)
lemma length_rev [simp]: "xs: list(A) ==> length(rev(xs)) = length(xs)"
apply (induct_tac "xs")
apply (simp_all (no_asm_simp) add: length_app)
done
lemma length_flat:
"ls: list(list(A)) ==> length(flat(ls)) = list_add(map(length,ls))"
apply (induct_tac "ls")
apply (simp_all (no_asm_simp) add: length_app)
done
(** Length and drop **)
(*Lemma for the inductive step of drop_length*)
lemma drop_length_Cons [rule_format]:
"xs: list(A) ==>
\<forall>x. \<exists>z zs. drop(length(xs), Cons(x,xs)) = Cons(z,zs)"
by (erule list.induct, simp_all)
lemma drop_length [rule_format]:
"l \<in> list(A) ==> \<forall>i \<in> length(l). (\<exists>z zs. drop(i,l) = Cons(z,zs))"
apply (erule list.induct, simp_all, safe)
apply (erule drop_length_Cons)
apply (rule natE)
apply (erule Ord_trans [OF asm_rl length_type Ord_nat], assumption, simp_all)
apply (blast intro: succ_in_naturalD length_type)
done
(*** theorems about app ***)
lemma app_right_Nil [simp]: "xs: list(A) ==> xs@Nil=xs"
by (erule list.induct, simp_all)
lemma app_assoc: "xs: list(A) ==> (xs@ys)@zs = xs@(ys@zs)"
by (induct_tac "xs", simp_all)
lemma flat_app_distrib: "ls: list(list(A)) ==> flat(ls@ms) = flat(ls)@flat(ms)"
apply (induct_tac "ls")
apply (simp_all (no_asm_simp) add: app_assoc)
done
(*** theorems about rev ***)
lemma rev_map_distrib: "l \<in> list(A) ==> rev(map(h,l)) = map(h,rev(l))"
apply (induct_tac "l")
apply (simp_all (no_asm_simp) add: map_app_distrib)
done
(*Simplifier needs the premises as assumptions because rewriting will not
instantiate the variable ?A in the rules' typing conditions; note that
rev_type does not instantiate ?A. Only the premises do.
*)
lemma rev_app_distrib:
"[| xs: list(A); ys: list(A) |] ==> rev(xs@ys) = rev(ys)@rev(xs)"
apply (erule list.induct)
apply (simp_all add: app_assoc)
done
lemma rev_rev_ident [simp]: "l \<in> list(A) ==> rev(rev(l))=l"
apply (induct_tac "l")
apply (simp_all (no_asm_simp) add: rev_app_distrib)
done
lemma rev_flat: "ls: list(list(A)) ==> rev(flat(ls)) = flat(map(rev,rev(ls)))"
apply (induct_tac "ls")
apply (simp_all add: map_app_distrib flat_app_distrib rev_app_distrib)
done
(*** theorems about list_add ***)
lemma list_add_app:
"[| xs: list(nat); ys: list(nat) |]
==> list_add(xs@ys) = list_add(ys) #+ list_add(xs)"
apply (induct_tac "xs", simp_all)
done
lemma list_add_rev: "l \<in> list(nat) ==> list_add(rev(l)) = list_add(l)"
apply (induct_tac "l")
apply (simp_all (no_asm_simp) add: list_add_app)
done
lemma list_add_flat:
"ls: list(list(nat)) ==> list_add(flat(ls)) = list_add(map(list_add,ls))"
apply (induct_tac "ls")
apply (simp_all (no_asm_simp) add: list_add_app)
done
(** New induction rules **)
lemma list_append_induct [case_names Nil snoc, consumes 1]:
"[| l \<in> list(A);
P(Nil);
!!x y. [| x \<in> A; y \<in> list(A); P(y) |] ==> P(y @ [x])
|] ==> P(l)"
apply (subgoal_tac "P(rev(rev(l)))", simp)
apply (erule rev_type [THEN list.induct], simp_all)
done
lemma list_complete_induct_lemma [rule_format]:
assumes ih:
"\<And>l. [| l \<in> list(A);
\<forall>l' \<in> list(A). length(l') < length(l) \<longrightarrow> P(l')|]
==> P(l)"
shows "n \<in> nat ==> \<forall>l \<in> list(A). length(l) < n \<longrightarrow> P(l)"
apply (induct_tac n, simp)
apply (blast intro: ih elim!: leE)
done
theorem list_complete_induct:
"[| l \<in> list(A);
\<And>l. [| l \<in> list(A);
\<forall>l' \<in> list(A). length(l') < length(l) \<longrightarrow> P(l')|]
==> P(l)
|] ==> P(l)"
apply (rule list_complete_induct_lemma [of A])
prefer 4 apply (rule le_refl, simp)
apply blast
apply simp
apply assumption
done
(*** Thanks to Sidi Ehmety for these results about min, take, etc. ***)
(** min FIXME: replace by Int! **)
(* Min theorems are also true for i, j ordinals *)
lemma min_sym: "[| i \<in> nat; j \<in> nat |] ==> min(i,j)=min(j,i)"
apply (unfold min_def)
apply (auto dest!: not_lt_imp_le dest: lt_not_sym intro: le_anti_sym)
done
lemma min_type [simp,TC]: "[| i \<in> nat; j \<in> nat |] ==> min(i,j):nat"
by (unfold min_def, auto)
lemma min_0 [simp]: "i \<in> nat ==> min(0,i) = 0"
apply (unfold min_def)
apply (auto dest: not_lt_imp_le)
done
lemma min_02 [simp]: "i \<in> nat ==> min(i, 0) = 0"
apply (unfold min_def)
apply (auto dest: not_lt_imp_le)
done
lemma lt_min_iff: "[| i \<in> nat; j \<in> nat; k \<in> nat |] ==> i<min(j,k) \<longleftrightarrow> i<j & i<k"
apply (unfold min_def)
apply (auto dest!: not_lt_imp_le intro: lt_trans2 lt_trans)
done
lemma min_succ_succ [simp]:
"[| i \<in> nat; j \<in> nat |] ==> min(succ(i), succ(j))= succ(min(i, j))"
apply (unfold min_def, auto)
done
(*** more theorems about lists ***)
(** filter **)
lemma filter_append [simp]:
"xs:list(A) ==> filter(P, xs@ys) = filter(P, xs) @ filter(P, ys)"
by (induct_tac "xs", auto)
lemma filter_type [simp,TC]: "xs:list(A) ==> filter(P, xs):list(A)"
by (induct_tac "xs", auto)
lemma length_filter: "xs:list(A) ==> length(filter(P, xs)) \<le> length(xs)"
apply (induct_tac "xs", auto)
apply (rule_tac j = "length (l) " in le_trans)
apply (auto simp add: le_iff)
done
lemma filter_is_subset: "xs:list(A) ==> set_of_list(filter(P,xs)) \<subseteq> set_of_list(xs)"
by (induct_tac "xs", auto)
lemma filter_False [simp]: "xs:list(A) ==> filter(%p. False, xs) = Nil"
by (induct_tac "xs", auto)
lemma filter_True [simp]: "xs:list(A) ==> filter(%p. True, xs) = xs"
by (induct_tac "xs", auto)
(** length **)
lemma length_is_0_iff [simp]: "xs:list(A) ==> length(xs)=0 \<longleftrightarrow> xs=Nil"
by (erule list.induct, auto)
lemma length_is_0_iff2 [simp]: "xs:list(A) ==> 0 = length(xs) \<longleftrightarrow> xs=Nil"
by (erule list.induct, auto)
lemma length_tl [simp]: "xs:list(A) ==> length(tl(xs)) = length(xs) #- 1"
by (erule list.induct, auto)
lemma length_greater_0_iff: "xs:list(A) ==> 0<length(xs) \<longleftrightarrow> xs \<noteq> Nil"
by (erule list.induct, auto)
lemma length_succ_iff: "xs:list(A) ==> length(xs)=succ(n) \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>y ys. xs=Cons(y, ys) & length(ys)=n)"
by (erule list.induct, auto)
(** more theorems about append **)
lemma append_is_Nil_iff [simp]:
"xs:list(A) ==> (xs@ys = Nil) \<longleftrightarrow> (xs=Nil & ys = Nil)"
by (erule list.induct, auto)
lemma append_is_Nil_iff2 [simp]:
"xs:list(A) ==> (Nil = xs@ys) \<longleftrightarrow> (xs=Nil & ys = Nil)"
by (erule list.induct, auto)
lemma append_left_is_self_iff [simp]:
"xs:list(A) ==> (xs@ys = xs) \<longleftrightarrow> (ys = Nil)"
by (erule list.induct, auto)
lemma append_left_is_self_iff2 [simp]:
"xs:list(A) ==> (xs = xs@ys) \<longleftrightarrow> (ys = Nil)"
by (erule list.induct, auto)
(*TOO SLOW as a default simprule!*)
lemma append_left_is_Nil_iff [rule_format]:
"[| xs:list(A); ys:list(A); zs:list(A) |] ==>
length(ys)=length(zs) \<longrightarrow> (xs@ys=zs \<longleftrightarrow> (xs=Nil & ys=zs))"
apply (erule list.induct)
apply (auto simp add: length_app)
done
(*TOO SLOW as a default simprule!*)
lemma append_left_is_Nil_iff2 [rule_format]:
"[| xs:list(A); ys:list(A); zs:list(A) |] ==>
length(ys)=length(zs) \<longrightarrow> (zs=ys@xs \<longleftrightarrow> (xs=Nil & ys=zs))"
apply (erule list.induct)
apply (auto simp add: length_app)
done
lemma append_eq_append_iff [rule_format,simp]:
"xs:list(A) ==> \<forall>ys \<in> list(A).
length(xs)=length(ys) \<longrightarrow> (xs@us = ys@vs) \<longleftrightarrow> (xs=ys & us=vs)"
apply (erule list.induct)
apply (simp (no_asm_simp))
apply clarify
apply (erule_tac a = ys in list.cases, auto)
done
lemma append_eq_append [rule_format]:
"xs:list(A) ==>
\<forall>ys \<in> list(A). \<forall>us \<in> list(A). \<forall>vs \<in> list(A).
length(us) = length(vs) \<longrightarrow> (xs@us = ys@vs) \<longrightarrow> (xs=ys & us=vs)"
apply (induct_tac "xs")
apply (force simp add: length_app, clarify)
apply (erule_tac a = ys in list.cases, simp)
apply (subgoal_tac "Cons (a, l) @ us =vs")
apply (drule rev_iffD1 [OF _ append_left_is_Nil_iff], simp_all, blast)
done
lemma append_eq_append_iff2 [simp]:
"[| xs:list(A); ys:list(A); us:list(A); vs:list(A); length(us)=length(vs) |]
==> xs@us = ys@vs \<longleftrightarrow> (xs=ys & us=vs)"
apply (rule iffI)
apply (rule append_eq_append, auto)
done
lemma append_self_iff [simp]:
"[| xs:list(A); ys:list(A); zs:list(A) |] ==> xs@ys=xs@zs \<longleftrightarrow> ys=zs"
by simp
lemma append_self_iff2 [simp]:
"[| xs:list(A); ys:list(A); zs:list(A) |] ==> ys@xs=zs@xs \<longleftrightarrow> ys=zs"
by simp
(* Can also be proved from append_eq_append_iff2,
but the proof requires two more hypotheses: x \<in> A and y \<in> A *)
lemma append1_eq_iff [rule_format,simp]:
"xs:list(A) ==> \<forall>ys \<in> list(A). xs@[x] = ys@[y] \<longleftrightarrow> (xs = ys & x=y)"
apply (erule list.induct)
apply clarify
apply (erule list.cases)
apply simp_all
txt\<open>Inductive step\<close>
apply clarify
apply (erule_tac a=ys in list.cases, simp_all)
done
lemma append_right_is_self_iff [simp]:
"[| xs:list(A); ys:list(A) |] ==> (xs@ys = ys) \<longleftrightarrow> (xs=Nil)"
by (simp (no_asm_simp) add: append_left_is_Nil_iff)
lemma append_right_is_self_iff2 [simp]:
"[| xs:list(A); ys:list(A) |] ==> (ys = xs@ys) \<longleftrightarrow> (xs=Nil)"
apply (rule iffI)
apply (drule sym, auto)
done
lemma hd_append [rule_format,simp]:
"xs:list(A) ==> xs \<noteq> Nil \<longrightarrow> hd(xs @ ys) = hd(xs)"
by (induct_tac "xs", auto)
lemma tl_append [rule_format,simp]:
"xs:list(A) ==> xs\<noteq>Nil \<longrightarrow> tl(xs @ ys) = tl(xs)@ys"
by (induct_tac "xs", auto)
(** rev **)
lemma rev_is_Nil_iff [simp]: "xs:list(A) ==> (rev(xs) = Nil \<longleftrightarrow> xs = Nil)"
by (erule list.induct, auto)
lemma Nil_is_rev_iff [simp]: "xs:list(A) ==> (Nil = rev(xs) \<longleftrightarrow> xs = Nil)"
by (erule list.induct, auto)
lemma rev_is_rev_iff [rule_format,simp]:
"xs:list(A) ==> \<forall>ys \<in> list(A). rev(xs)=rev(ys) \<longleftrightarrow> xs=ys"
apply (erule list.induct, force, clarify)
apply (erule_tac a = ys in list.cases, auto)
done
lemma rev_list_elim [rule_format]:
"xs:list(A) ==>
(xs=Nil \<longrightarrow> P) \<longrightarrow> (\<forall>ys \<in> list(A). \<forall>y \<in> A. xs =ys@[y] \<longrightarrow>P)\<longrightarrow>P"
by (erule list_append_induct, auto)
(** more theorems about drop **)
lemma length_drop [rule_format,simp]:
"n \<in> nat ==> \<forall>xs \<in> list(A). length(drop(n, xs)) = length(xs) #- n"
apply (erule nat_induct)
apply (auto elim: list.cases)
done
lemma drop_all [rule_format,simp]:
"n \<in> nat ==> \<forall>xs \<in> list(A). length(xs) \<le> n \<longrightarrow> drop(n, xs)=Nil"
apply (erule nat_induct)
apply (auto elim: list.cases)
done
lemma drop_append [rule_format]:
"n \<in> nat ==>
\<forall>xs \<in> list(A). drop(n, xs@ys) = drop(n,xs) @ drop(n #- length(xs), ys)"
apply (induct_tac "n")
apply (auto elim: list.cases)
done
lemma drop_drop:
"m \<in> nat ==> \<forall>xs \<in> list(A). \<forall>n \<in> nat. drop(n, drop(m, xs))=drop(n #+ m, xs)"
apply (induct_tac "m")
apply (auto elim: list.cases)
done
(** take **)
lemma take_0 [simp]: "xs:list(A) ==> take(0, xs) = Nil"
apply (unfold take_def)
apply (erule list.induct, auto)
done
lemma take_succ_Cons [simp]:
"n \<in> nat ==> take(succ(n), Cons(a, xs)) = Cons(a, take(n, xs))"
by (simp add: take_def)
(* Needed for proving take_all *)
lemma take_Nil [simp]: "n \<in> nat ==> take(n, Nil) = Nil"
by (unfold take_def, auto)
lemma take_all [rule_format,simp]:
"n \<in> nat ==> \<forall>xs \<in> list(A). length(xs) \<le> n \<longrightarrow> take(n, xs) = xs"
apply (erule nat_induct)
apply (auto elim: list.cases)
done
lemma take_type [rule_format,simp,TC]:
"xs:list(A) ==> \<forall>n \<in> nat. take(n, xs):list(A)"
apply (erule list.induct, simp, clarify)
apply (erule natE, auto)
done
lemma take_append [rule_format,simp]:
"xs:list(A) ==>
\<forall>ys \<in> list(A). \<forall>n \<in> nat. take(n, xs @ ys) =
take(n, xs) @ take(n #- length(xs), ys)"
apply (erule list.induct, simp, clarify)
apply (erule natE, auto)
done
lemma take_take [rule_format]:
"m \<in> nat ==>
\<forall>xs \<in> list(A). \<forall>n \<in> nat. take(n, take(m,xs))= take(min(n, m), xs)"
apply (induct_tac "m", auto)
apply (erule_tac a = xs in list.cases)
apply (auto simp add: take_Nil)
apply (erule_tac n=n in natE)
apply (auto intro: take_0 take_type)
done
(** nth **)
lemma nth_0 [simp]: "nth(0, Cons(a, l)) = a"
by (simp add: nth_def)
lemma nth_Cons [simp]: "n \<in> nat ==> nth(succ(n), Cons(a,l)) = nth(n,l)"
by (simp add: nth_def)
lemma nth_empty [simp]: "nth(n, Nil) = 0"
by (simp add: nth_def)
lemma nth_type [rule_format,simp,TC]:
"xs:list(A) ==> \<forall>n. n < length(xs) \<longrightarrow> nth(n,xs) \<in> A"
apply (erule list.induct, simp, clarify)
apply (subgoal_tac "n \<in> nat")
apply (erule natE, auto dest!: le_in_nat)
done
lemma nth_eq_0 [rule_format]:
"xs:list(A) ==> \<forall>n \<in> nat. length(xs) \<le> n \<longrightarrow> nth(n,xs) = 0"
apply (erule list.induct, simp, clarify)
apply (erule natE, auto)
done
lemma nth_append [rule_format]:
"xs:list(A) ==>
\<forall>n \<in> nat. nth(n, xs @ ys) = (if n < length(xs) then nth(n,xs)
else nth(n #- length(xs), ys))"
apply (induct_tac "xs", simp, clarify)
apply (erule natE, auto)
done
lemma set_of_list_conv_nth:
"xs:list(A)
==> set_of_list(xs) = {x \<in> A. \<exists>i\<in>nat. i<length(xs) & x = nth(i,xs)}"
apply (induct_tac "xs", simp_all)
apply (rule equalityI, auto)
apply (rule_tac x = 0 in bexI, auto)
apply (erule natE, auto)
done
(* Other theorems about lists *)
lemma nth_take_lemma [rule_format]:
"k \<in> nat ==>
\<forall>xs \<in> list(A). (\<forall>ys \<in> list(A). k \<le> length(xs) \<longrightarrow> k \<le> length(ys) \<longrightarrow>
(\<forall>i \<in> nat. i<k \<longrightarrow> nth(i,xs) = nth(i,ys))\<longrightarrow> take(k,xs) = take(k,ys))"
apply (induct_tac "k")
apply (simp_all (no_asm_simp) add: lt_succ_eq_0_disj all_conj_distrib)
apply clarify
(*Both lists are non-empty*)
apply (erule_tac a=xs in list.cases, simp)
apply (erule_tac a=ys in list.cases, clarify)
apply (simp (no_asm_use) )
apply clarify
apply (simp (no_asm_simp))
apply (rule conjI, force)
apply (rename_tac y ys z zs)
apply (drule_tac x = zs and x1 = ys in bspec [THEN bspec], auto)
done
lemma nth_equalityI [rule_format]:
"[| xs:list(A); ys:list(A); length(xs) = length(ys);
\<forall>i \<in> nat. i < length(xs) \<longrightarrow> nth(i,xs) = nth(i,ys) |]
==> xs = ys"
apply (subgoal_tac "length (xs) \<le> length (ys) ")
apply (cut_tac k="length(xs)" and xs=xs and ys=ys in nth_take_lemma)
apply (simp_all add: take_all)
done
(*The famous take-lemma*)
lemma take_equalityI [rule_format]:
"[| xs:list(A); ys:list(A); (\<forall>i \<in> nat. take(i, xs) = take(i,ys)) |]
==> xs = ys"
apply (case_tac "length (xs) \<le> length (ys) ")
apply (drule_tac x = "length (ys) " in bspec)
apply (drule_tac [3] not_lt_imp_le)
apply (subgoal_tac [5] "length (ys) \<le> length (xs) ")
apply (rule_tac [6] j = "succ (length (ys))" in le_trans)
apply (rule_tac [6] leI)
apply (drule_tac [5] x = "length (xs) " in bspec)
apply (simp_all add: take_all)
done
lemma nth_drop [rule_format]:
"n \<in> nat ==> \<forall>i \<in> nat. \<forall>xs \<in> list(A). nth(i, drop(n, xs)) = nth(n #+ i, xs)"
apply (induct_tac "n", simp_all, clarify)
apply (erule list.cases, auto)
done
lemma take_succ [rule_format]:
"xs\<in>list(A)
==> \<forall>i. i < length(xs) \<longrightarrow> take(succ(i), xs) = take(i,xs) @ [nth(i, xs)]"
apply (induct_tac "xs", auto)
apply (subgoal_tac "i\<in>nat")
apply (erule natE)
apply (auto simp add: le_in_nat)
done
lemma take_add [rule_format]:
"[|xs\<in>list(A); j\<in>nat|]
==> \<forall>i\<in>nat. take(i #+ j, xs) = take(i,xs) @ take(j, drop(i,xs))"
apply (induct_tac "xs", simp_all, clarify)
apply (erule_tac n = i in natE, simp_all)
done
lemma length_take:
"l\<in>list(A) ==> \<forall>n\<in>nat. length(take(n,l)) = min(n, length(l))"
apply (induct_tac "l", safe, simp_all)
apply (erule natE, simp_all)
done
subsection\<open>The function zip\<close>
text\<open>Crafty definition to eliminate a type argument\<close>
consts
zip_aux :: "[i,i]=>i"
primrec (*explicit lambda is required because both arguments of "un" vary*)
"zip_aux(B,[]) =
(\<lambda>ys \<in> list(B). list_case([], %y l. [], ys))"
"zip_aux(B,Cons(x,l)) =
(\<lambda>ys \<in> list(B).
list_case(Nil, %y zs. Cons(<x,y>, zip_aux(B,l)`zs), ys))"
definition
zip :: "[i, i]=>i" where
"zip(xs, ys) == zip_aux(set_of_list(ys),xs)`ys"
(* zip equations *)
lemma list_on_set_of_list: "xs \<in> list(A) ==> xs \<in> list(set_of_list(xs))"
apply (induct_tac xs, simp_all)
apply (blast intro: list_mono [THEN subsetD])
done
lemma zip_Nil [simp]: "ys:list(A) ==> zip(Nil, ys)=Nil"
apply (simp add: zip_def list_on_set_of_list [of _ A])
apply (erule list.cases, simp_all)
done
lemma zip_Nil2 [simp]: "xs:list(A) ==> zip(xs, Nil)=Nil"
apply (simp add: zip_def list_on_set_of_list [of _ A])
apply (erule list.cases, simp_all)
done
lemma zip_aux_unique [rule_format]:
"[|B<=C; xs \<in> list(A)|]
==> \<forall>ys \<in> list(B). zip_aux(C,xs) ` ys = zip_aux(B,xs) ` ys"
apply (induct_tac xs)
apply simp_all
apply (blast intro: list_mono [THEN subsetD], clarify)
apply (erule_tac a=ys in list.cases, auto)
apply (blast intro: list_mono [THEN subsetD])
done
lemma zip_Cons_Cons [simp]:
"[| xs:list(A); ys:list(B); x \<in> A; y \<in> B |] ==>
zip(Cons(x,xs), Cons(y, ys)) = Cons(<x,y>, zip(xs, ys))"
apply (simp add: zip_def, auto)
apply (rule zip_aux_unique, auto)
apply (simp add: list_on_set_of_list [of _ B])
apply (blast intro: list_on_set_of_list list_mono [THEN subsetD])
done
lemma zip_type [rule_format,simp,TC]:
"xs:list(A) ==> \<forall>ys \<in> list(B). zip(xs, ys):list(A*B)"
apply (induct_tac "xs")
apply (simp (no_asm))
apply clarify
apply (erule_tac a = ys in list.cases, auto)
done
(* zip length *)
lemma length_zip [rule_format,simp]:
"xs:list(A) ==> \<forall>ys \<in> list(B). length(zip(xs,ys)) =
min(length(xs), length(ys))"
apply (unfold min_def)
apply (induct_tac "xs", simp_all, clarify)
apply (erule_tac a = ys in list.cases, auto)
done
lemma zip_append1 [rule_format]:
"[| ys:list(A); zs:list(B) |] ==>
\<forall>xs \<in> list(A). zip(xs @ ys, zs) =
zip(xs, take(length(xs), zs)) @ zip(ys, drop(length(xs),zs))"
apply (induct_tac "zs", force, clarify)
apply (erule_tac a = xs in list.cases, simp_all)
done
lemma zip_append2 [rule_format]:
"[| xs:list(A); zs:list(B) |] ==> \<forall>ys \<in> list(B). zip(xs, ys@zs) =
zip(take(length(ys), xs), ys) @ zip(drop(length(ys), xs), zs)"
apply (induct_tac "xs", force, clarify)
apply (erule_tac a = ys in list.cases, auto)
done
lemma zip_append [simp]:
"[| length(xs) = length(us); length(ys) = length(vs);
xs:list(A); us:list(B); ys:list(A); vs:list(B) |]
==> zip(xs@ys,us@vs) = zip(xs, us) @ zip(ys, vs)"
by (simp (no_asm_simp) add: zip_append1 drop_append diff_self_eq_0)
lemma zip_rev [rule_format,simp]:
"ys:list(B) ==> \<forall>xs \<in> list(A).
length(xs) = length(ys) \<longrightarrow> zip(rev(xs), rev(ys)) = rev(zip(xs, ys))"
apply (induct_tac "ys", force, clarify)
apply (erule_tac a = xs in list.cases)
apply (auto simp add: length_rev)
done
lemma nth_zip [rule_format,simp]:
"ys:list(B) ==> \<forall>i \<in> nat. \<forall>xs \<in> list(A).
i < length(xs) \<longrightarrow> i < length(ys) \<longrightarrow>
nth(i,zip(xs, ys)) = <nth(i,xs),nth(i, ys)>"
apply (induct_tac "ys", force, clarify)
apply (erule_tac a = xs in list.cases, simp)
apply (auto elim: natE)
done
lemma set_of_list_zip [rule_format]:
"[| xs:list(A); ys:list(B); i \<in> nat |]
==> set_of_list(zip(xs, ys)) =
{<x, y>:A*B. \<exists>i\<in>nat. i < min(length(xs), length(ys))
& x = nth(i, xs) & y = nth(i, ys)}"
by (force intro!: Collect_cong simp add: lt_min_iff set_of_list_conv_nth)
(** list_update **)
lemma list_update_Nil [simp]: "i \<in> nat ==>list_update(Nil, i, v) = Nil"
by (unfold list_update_def, auto)
lemma list_update_Cons_0 [simp]: "list_update(Cons(x, xs), 0, v)= Cons(v, xs)"
by (unfold list_update_def, auto)
lemma list_update_Cons_succ [simp]:
"n \<in> nat ==>
list_update(Cons(x, xs), succ(n), v)= Cons(x, list_update(xs, n, v))"
apply (unfold list_update_def, auto)
done
lemma list_update_type [rule_format,simp,TC]:
"[| xs:list(A); v \<in> A |] ==> \<forall>n \<in> nat. list_update(xs, n, v):list(A)"
apply (induct_tac "xs")
apply (simp (no_asm))
apply clarify
apply (erule natE, auto)
done
lemma length_list_update [rule_format,simp]:
"xs:list(A) ==> \<forall>i \<in> nat. length(list_update(xs, i, v))=length(xs)"
apply (induct_tac "xs")
apply (simp (no_asm))
apply clarify
apply (erule natE, auto)
done
lemma nth_list_update [rule_format]:
"[| xs:list(A) |] ==> \<forall>i \<in> nat. \<forall>j \<in> nat. i < length(xs) \<longrightarrow>
nth(j, list_update(xs, i, x)) = (if i=j then x else nth(j, xs))"
apply (induct_tac "xs")
apply simp_all
apply clarify
apply (rename_tac i j)
apply (erule_tac n=i in natE)
apply (erule_tac [2] n=j in natE)
apply (erule_tac n=j in natE, simp_all, force)
done
lemma nth_list_update_eq [simp]:
"[| i < length(xs); xs:list(A) |] ==> nth(i, list_update(xs, i,x)) = x"
by (simp (no_asm_simp) add: lt_length_in_nat nth_list_update)
lemma nth_list_update_neq [rule_format,simp]:
"xs:list(A) ==>
\<forall>i \<in> nat. \<forall>j \<in> nat. i \<noteq> j \<longrightarrow> nth(j, list_update(xs,i,x)) = nth(j,xs)"
apply (induct_tac "xs")
apply (simp (no_asm))
apply clarify
apply (erule natE)
apply (erule_tac [2] natE, simp_all)
apply (erule natE, simp_all)
done
lemma list_update_overwrite [rule_format,simp]:
"xs:list(A) ==> \<forall>i \<in> nat. i < length(xs)
\<longrightarrow> list_update(list_update(xs, i, x), i, y) = list_update(xs, i,y)"
apply (induct_tac "xs")
apply (simp (no_asm))
apply clarify
apply (erule natE, auto)
done
lemma list_update_same_conv [rule_format]:
"xs:list(A) ==>
\<forall>i \<in> nat. i < length(xs) \<longrightarrow>
(list_update(xs, i, x) = xs) \<longleftrightarrow> (nth(i, xs) = x)"
apply (induct_tac "xs")
apply (simp (no_asm))
apply clarify
apply (erule natE, auto)
done
lemma update_zip [rule_format]:
"ys:list(B) ==>
\<forall>i \<in> nat. \<forall>xy \<in> A*B. \<forall>xs \<in> list(A).
length(xs) = length(ys) \<longrightarrow>
list_update(zip(xs, ys), i, xy) = zip(list_update(xs, i, fst(xy)),
list_update(ys, i, snd(xy)))"
apply (induct_tac "ys")
apply auto
apply (erule_tac a = xs in list.cases)
apply (auto elim: natE)
done
lemma set_update_subset_cons [rule_format]:
"xs:list(A) ==>
\<forall>i \<in> nat. set_of_list(list_update(xs, i, x)) \<subseteq> cons(x, set_of_list(xs))"
apply (induct_tac "xs")
apply simp
apply (rule ballI)
apply (erule natE, simp_all, auto)
done
lemma set_of_list_update_subsetI:
"[| set_of_list(xs) \<subseteq> A; xs:list(A); x \<in> A; i \<in> nat|]
==> set_of_list(list_update(xs, i,x)) \<subseteq> A"
apply (rule subset_trans)
apply (rule set_update_subset_cons, auto)
done
(** upt **)
lemma upt_rec:
"j \<in> nat ==> upt(i,j) = (if i<j then Cons(i, upt(succ(i), j)) else Nil)"
apply (induct_tac "j", auto)
apply (drule not_lt_imp_le)
apply (auto simp: lt_Ord intro: le_anti_sym)
done
lemma upt_conv_Nil [simp]: "[| j \<le> i; j \<in> nat |] ==> upt(i,j) = Nil"
apply (subst upt_rec, auto)
apply (auto simp add: le_iff)
apply (drule lt_asym [THEN notE], auto)
done
(*Only needed if upt_Suc is deleted from the simpset*)
lemma upt_succ_append:
"[| i \<le> j; j \<in> nat |] ==> upt(i,succ(j)) = upt(i, j)@[j]"
by simp
lemma upt_conv_Cons:
"[| i<j; j \<in> nat |] ==> upt(i,j) = Cons(i,upt(succ(i),j))"
apply (rule trans)
apply (rule upt_rec, auto)
done
lemma upt_type [simp,TC]: "j \<in> nat ==> upt(i,j):list(nat)"
by (induct_tac "j", auto)
(*LOOPS as a simprule, since j<=j*)
lemma upt_add_eq_append:
"[| i \<le> j; j \<in> nat; k \<in> nat |] ==> upt(i, j #+k) = upt(i,j)@upt(j,j#+k)"
apply (induct_tac "k")
apply (auto simp add: app_assoc app_type)
apply (rule_tac j = j in le_trans, auto)
done
lemma length_upt [simp]: "[| i \<in> nat; j \<in> nat |] ==>length(upt(i,j)) = j #- i"
apply (induct_tac "j")
apply (rule_tac [2] sym)
apply (auto dest!: not_lt_imp_le simp add: diff_succ diff_is_0_iff)
done
lemma nth_upt [rule_format,simp]:
"[| i \<in> nat; j \<in> nat; k \<in> nat |] ==> i #+ k < j \<longrightarrow> nth(k, upt(i,j)) = i #+ k"
apply (induct_tac "j", simp)
apply (simp add: nth_append le_iff)
apply (auto dest!: not_lt_imp_le
simp add: nth_append less_diff_conv add_commute)
done
lemma take_upt [rule_format,simp]:
"[| m \<in> nat; n \<in> nat |] ==>
\<forall>i \<in> nat. i #+ m \<le> n \<longrightarrow> take(m, upt(i,n)) = upt(i,i#+m)"
apply (induct_tac "m")
apply (simp (no_asm_simp) add: take_0)
apply clarify
apply (subst upt_rec, simp)
apply (rule sym)
apply (subst upt_rec, simp)
apply (simp_all del: upt.simps)
apply (rule_tac j = "succ (i #+ x) " in lt_trans2)
apply auto
done
lemma map_succ_upt:
"[| m \<in> nat; n \<in> nat |] ==> map(succ, upt(m,n))= upt(succ(m), succ(n))"
apply (induct_tac "n")
apply (auto simp add: map_app_distrib)
done
lemma nth_map [rule_format,simp]:
"xs:list(A) ==>
\<forall>n \<in> nat. n < length(xs) \<longrightarrow> nth(n, map(f, xs)) = f(nth(n, xs))"
apply (induct_tac "xs", simp)
apply (rule ballI)
apply (induct_tac "n", auto)
done
lemma nth_map_upt [rule_format]:
"[| m \<in> nat; n \<in> nat |] ==>
\<forall>i \<in> nat. i < n #- m \<longrightarrow> nth(i, map(f, upt(m,n))) = f(m #+ i)"
apply (rule_tac n = m and m = n in diff_induct, typecheck, simp, simp)
apply (subst map_succ_upt [symmetric], simp_all, clarify)
apply (subgoal_tac "i < length (upt (0, x))")
prefer 2
apply (simp add: less_diff_conv)
apply (rule_tac j = "succ (i #+ y) " in lt_trans2)
apply simp
apply simp
apply (subgoal_tac "i < length (upt (y, x))")
apply (simp_all add: add_commute less_diff_conv)
done
(** sublist (a generalization of nth to sets) **)
definition
sublist :: "[i, i] => i" where
"sublist(xs, A)==
map(fst, (filter(%p. snd(p): A, zip(xs, upt(0,length(xs))))))"
lemma sublist_0 [simp]: "xs:list(A) ==>sublist(xs, 0) =Nil"
by (unfold sublist_def, auto)
lemma sublist_Nil [simp]: "sublist(Nil, A) = Nil"
by (unfold sublist_def, auto)
lemma sublist_shift_lemma:
"[| xs:list(B); i \<in> nat |] ==>
map(fst, filter(%p. snd(p):A, zip(xs, upt(i,i #+ length(xs))))) =
map(fst, filter(%p. snd(p):nat & snd(p) #+ i \<in> A, zip(xs,upt(0,length(xs)))))"
apply (erule list_append_induct)
apply (simp (no_asm_simp))
apply (auto simp add: add_commute length_app filter_append map_app_distrib)
done
lemma sublist_type [simp,TC]:
"xs:list(B) ==> sublist(xs, A):list(B)"
apply (unfold sublist_def)
apply (induct_tac "xs")
apply (auto simp add: filter_append map_app_distrib)
done
lemma upt_add_eq_append2:
"[| i \<in> nat; j \<in> nat |] ==> upt(0, i #+ j) = upt(0, i) @ upt(i, i #+ j)"
by (simp add: upt_add_eq_append [of 0] nat_0_le)
lemma sublist_append:
"[| xs:list(B); ys:list(B) |] ==>
sublist(xs@ys, A) = sublist(xs, A) @ sublist(ys, {j \<in> nat. j #+ length(xs): A})"
apply (unfold sublist_def)
apply (erule_tac l = ys in list_append_induct, simp)
apply (simp (no_asm_simp) add: upt_add_eq_append2 app_assoc [symmetric])
apply (auto simp add: sublist_shift_lemma length_type map_app_distrib app_assoc)
apply (simp_all add: add_commute)
done
lemma sublist_Cons:
"[| xs:list(B); x \<in> B |] ==>
sublist(Cons(x, xs), A) =
(if 0 \<in> A then [x] else []) @ sublist(xs, {j \<in> nat. succ(j) \<in> A})"
apply (erule_tac l = xs in list_append_induct)
apply (simp (no_asm_simp) add: sublist_def)
apply (simp del: app_Cons add: app_Cons [symmetric] sublist_append, simp)
done
lemma sublist_singleton [simp]:
"sublist([x], A) = (if 0 \<in> A then [x] else [])"
by (simp add: sublist_Cons)
lemma sublist_upt_eq_take [rule_format, simp]:
"xs:list(A) ==> \<forall>n\<in>nat. sublist(xs,n) = take(n,xs)"
apply (erule list.induct, simp)
apply (clarify )
apply (erule natE)
apply (simp_all add: nat_eq_Collect_lt Ord_mem_iff_lt sublist_Cons)
done
lemma sublist_Int_eq:
"xs \<in> list(B) ==> sublist(xs, A \<inter> nat) = sublist(xs, A)"
apply (erule list.induct)
apply (simp_all add: sublist_Cons)
done
text\<open>Repetition of a List Element\<close>
consts repeat :: "[i,i]=>i"
primrec
"repeat(a,0) = []"
"repeat(a,succ(n)) = Cons(a,repeat(a,n))"
lemma length_repeat: "n \<in> nat ==> length(repeat(a,n)) = n"
by (induct_tac n, auto)
lemma repeat_succ_app: "n \<in> nat ==> repeat(a,succ(n)) = repeat(a,n) @ [a]"
apply (induct_tac n)
apply (simp_all del: app_Cons add: app_Cons [symmetric])
done
lemma repeat_type [TC]: "[|a \<in> A; n \<in> nat|] ==> repeat(a,n) \<in> list(A)"
by (induct_tac n, auto)
end