
wenzelm@23164: (*  Title:      HOL/IntDiv.thy
wenzelm@23164:     ID:         $Id$
wenzelm@23164:     Author:     Lawrence C Paulson, Cambridge University Computer Laboratory
wenzelm@23164:     Copyright   1999  University of Cambridge
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: *)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: header{*The Division Operators div and mod; the Divides Relation dvd*}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: theory IntDiv
wenzelm@23164: imports IntArith Divides FunDef
wenzelm@23164: begin
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: declare zless_nat_conj [simp]
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: constdefs
wenzelm@23164:   quorem :: "(int*int) * (int*int) => bool"
wenzelm@23164:     --{*definition of quotient and remainder*}
wenzelm@23164:     [code func]: "quorem == %((a,b), (q,r)).
wenzelm@23164:                       a = b*q + r &
wenzelm@23164:                       (if 0 < b then 0\<le>r & r<b else b<r & r \<le> 0)"
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164:   adjust :: "[int, int*int] => int*int"
wenzelm@23164:     --{*for the division algorithm*}
wenzelm@23164:     [code func]: "adjust b == %(q,r). if 0 \<le> r-b then (2*q + 1, r-b)
wenzelm@23164:                          else (2*q, r)"
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: text{*algorithm for the case @{text "a\<ge>0, b>0"}*}
wenzelm@23164: function
wenzelm@23164:   posDivAlg :: "int \<Rightarrow> int \<Rightarrow> int \<times> int"
wenzelm@23164: where
wenzelm@23164:   "posDivAlg a b =
wenzelm@23164:      (if (a<b | b\<le>0) then (0,a)
wenzelm@23164:         else adjust b (posDivAlg a (2*b)))"
wenzelm@23164: by auto
wenzelm@23164: termination by (relation "measure (%(a,b). nat(a - b + 1))") auto
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: text{*algorithm for the case @{text "a<0, b>0"}*}
wenzelm@23164: function
wenzelm@23164:   negDivAlg :: "int \<Rightarrow> int \<Rightarrow> int \<times> int"
wenzelm@23164: where
wenzelm@23164:   "negDivAlg a b  =
wenzelm@23164:      (if (0\<le>a+b | b\<le>0) then (-1,a+b)
wenzelm@23164:       else adjust b (negDivAlg a (2*b)))"
wenzelm@23164: by auto
wenzelm@23164: termination by (relation "measure (%(a,b). nat(- a - b))") auto
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: text{*algorithm for the general case @{term "b\<noteq>0"}*}
wenzelm@23164: constdefs
wenzelm@23164:   negateSnd :: "int*int => int*int"
wenzelm@23164:     [code func]: "negateSnd == %(q,r). (q,-r)"
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: definition
wenzelm@23164:   divAlg :: "int \<times> int \<Rightarrow> int \<times> int"
wenzelm@23164:     --{*The full division algorithm considers all possible signs for a, b
wenzelm@23164:        including the special case @{text "a=0, b<0"} because 
wenzelm@23164:        @{term negDivAlg} requires @{term "a<0"}.*}
wenzelm@23164: where
wenzelm@23164:   "divAlg = (\<lambda>(a, b). (if 0\<le>a then
wenzelm@23164:                   if 0\<le>b then posDivAlg a b
wenzelm@23164:                   else if a=0 then (0, 0)
wenzelm@23164:                        else negateSnd (negDivAlg (-a) (-b))
wenzelm@23164:                else 
wenzelm@23164:                   if 0<b then negDivAlg a b
wenzelm@23164:                   else negateSnd (posDivAlg (-a) (-b))))"
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: instance int :: Divides.div
wenzelm@23164:   div_def: "a div b == fst (divAlg (a, b))"
wenzelm@23164:   mod_def: "a mod b == snd (divAlg (a, b))" ..
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma divAlg_mod_div:
wenzelm@23164:   "divAlg (p, q) = (p div q, p mod q)"
wenzelm@23164:   by (auto simp add: div_def mod_def)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: text{*
wenzelm@23164: Here is the division algorithm in ML:
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: \begin{verbatim}
wenzelm@23164:     fun posDivAlg (a,b) =
wenzelm@23164:       if a<b then (0,a)
wenzelm@23164:       else let val (q,r) = posDivAlg(a, 2*b)
wenzelm@23164: 	       in  if 0\<le>r-b then (2*q+1, r-b) else (2*q, r)
wenzelm@23164: 	   end
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164:     fun negDivAlg (a,b) =
wenzelm@23164:       if 0\<le>a+b then (~1,a+b)
wenzelm@23164:       else let val (q,r) = negDivAlg(a, 2*b)
wenzelm@23164: 	       in  if 0\<le>r-b then (2*q+1, r-b) else (2*q, r)
wenzelm@23164: 	   end;
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164:     fun negateSnd (q,r:int) = (q,~r);
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164:     fun divAlg (a,b) = if 0\<le>a then 
wenzelm@23164: 			  if b>0 then posDivAlg (a,b) 
wenzelm@23164: 			   else if a=0 then (0,0)
wenzelm@23164: 				else negateSnd (negDivAlg (~a,~b))
wenzelm@23164: 		       else 
wenzelm@23164: 			  if 0<b then negDivAlg (a,b)
wenzelm@23164: 			  else        negateSnd (posDivAlg (~a,~b));
wenzelm@23164: \end{verbatim}
wenzelm@23164: *}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: subsection{*Uniqueness and Monotonicity of Quotients and Remainders*}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma unique_quotient_lemma:
wenzelm@23164:      "[| b*q' + r'  \<le> b*q + r;  0 \<le> r';  r' < b;  r < b |]  
wenzelm@23164:       ==> q' \<le> (q::int)"
wenzelm@23164: apply (subgoal_tac "r' + b * (q'-q) \<le> r")
wenzelm@23164:  prefer 2 apply (simp add: right_diff_distrib)
wenzelm@23164: apply (subgoal_tac "0 < b * (1 + q - q') ")
wenzelm@23164: apply (erule_tac [2] order_le_less_trans)
wenzelm@23164:  prefer 2 apply (simp add: right_diff_distrib right_distrib)
wenzelm@23164: apply (subgoal_tac "b * q' < b * (1 + q) ")
wenzelm@23164:  prefer 2 apply (simp add: right_diff_distrib right_distrib)
wenzelm@23164: apply (simp add: mult_less_cancel_left)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma unique_quotient_lemma_neg:
wenzelm@23164:      "[| b*q' + r' \<le> b*q + r;  r \<le> 0;  b < r;  b < r' |]  
wenzelm@23164:       ==> q \<le> (q'::int)"
wenzelm@23164: by (rule_tac b = "-b" and r = "-r'" and r' = "-r" in unique_quotient_lemma, 
wenzelm@23164:     auto)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma unique_quotient:
wenzelm@23164:      "[| quorem ((a,b), (q,r));  quorem ((a,b), (q',r'));  b \<noteq> 0 |]  
wenzelm@23164:       ==> q = q'"
wenzelm@23164: apply (simp add: quorem_def linorder_neq_iff split: split_if_asm)
wenzelm@23164: apply (blast intro: order_antisym
wenzelm@23164:              dest: order_eq_refl [THEN unique_quotient_lemma] 
wenzelm@23164:              order_eq_refl [THEN unique_quotient_lemma_neg] sym)+
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma unique_remainder:
wenzelm@23164:      "[| quorem ((a,b), (q,r));  quorem ((a,b), (q',r'));  b \<noteq> 0 |]  
wenzelm@23164:       ==> r = r'"
wenzelm@23164: apply (subgoal_tac "q = q'")
wenzelm@23164:  apply (simp add: quorem_def)
wenzelm@23164: apply (blast intro: unique_quotient)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: subsection{*Correctness of @{term posDivAlg}, the Algorithm for Non-Negative Dividends*}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: text{*And positive divisors*}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma adjust_eq [simp]:
wenzelm@23164:      "adjust b (q,r) = 
wenzelm@23164:       (let diff = r-b in  
wenzelm@23164: 	if 0 \<le> diff then (2*q + 1, diff)   
wenzelm@23164:                      else (2*q, r))"
wenzelm@23164: by (simp add: Let_def adjust_def)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: declare posDivAlg.simps [simp del]
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: text{*use with a simproc to avoid repeatedly proving the premise*}
wenzelm@23164: lemma posDivAlg_eqn:
wenzelm@23164:      "0 < b ==>  
wenzelm@23164:       posDivAlg a b = (if a<b then (0,a) else adjust b (posDivAlg a (2*b)))"
wenzelm@23164: by (rule posDivAlg.simps [THEN trans], simp)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: text{*Correctness of @{term posDivAlg}: it computes quotients correctly*}
wenzelm@23164: theorem posDivAlg_correct:
wenzelm@23164:   assumes "0 \<le> a" and "0 < b"
wenzelm@23164:   shows "quorem ((a, b), posDivAlg a b)"
wenzelm@23164: using prems apply (induct a b rule: posDivAlg.induct)
wenzelm@23164: apply auto
wenzelm@23164: apply (simp add: quorem_def)
wenzelm@23164: apply (subst posDivAlg_eqn, simp add: right_distrib)
wenzelm@23164: apply (case_tac "a < b")
wenzelm@23164: apply simp_all
wenzelm@23164: apply (erule splitE)
wenzelm@23164: apply (auto simp add: right_distrib Let_def)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: subsection{*Correctness of @{term negDivAlg}, the Algorithm for Negative Dividends*}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: text{*And positive divisors*}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: declare negDivAlg.simps [simp del]
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: text{*use with a simproc to avoid repeatedly proving the premise*}
wenzelm@23164: lemma negDivAlg_eqn:
wenzelm@23164:      "0 < b ==>  
wenzelm@23164:       negDivAlg a b =       
wenzelm@23164:        (if 0\<le>a+b then (-1,a+b) else adjust b (negDivAlg a (2*b)))"
wenzelm@23164: by (rule negDivAlg.simps [THEN trans], simp)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: (*Correctness of negDivAlg: it computes quotients correctly
wenzelm@23164:   It doesn't work if a=0 because the 0/b equals 0, not -1*)
wenzelm@23164: lemma negDivAlg_correct:
wenzelm@23164:   assumes "a < 0" and "b > 0"
wenzelm@23164:   shows "quorem ((a, b), negDivAlg a b)"
wenzelm@23164: using prems apply (induct a b rule: negDivAlg.induct)
wenzelm@23164: apply (auto simp add: linorder_not_le)
wenzelm@23164: apply (simp add: quorem_def)
wenzelm@23164: apply (subst negDivAlg_eqn, assumption)
wenzelm@23164: apply (case_tac "a + b < (0\<Colon>int)")
wenzelm@23164: apply simp_all
wenzelm@23164: apply (erule splitE)
wenzelm@23164: apply (auto simp add: right_distrib Let_def)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: subsection{*Existence Shown by Proving the Division Algorithm to be Correct*}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: (*the case a=0*)
wenzelm@23164: lemma quorem_0: "b \<noteq> 0 ==> quorem ((0,b), (0,0))"
wenzelm@23164: by (auto simp add: quorem_def linorder_neq_iff)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma posDivAlg_0 [simp]: "posDivAlg 0 b = (0, 0)"
wenzelm@23164: by (subst posDivAlg.simps, auto)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma negDivAlg_minus1 [simp]: "negDivAlg -1 b = (-1, b - 1)"
wenzelm@23164: by (subst negDivAlg.simps, auto)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma negateSnd_eq [simp]: "negateSnd(q,r) = (q,-r)"
wenzelm@23164: by (simp add: negateSnd_def)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma quorem_neg: "quorem ((-a,-b), qr) ==> quorem ((a,b), negateSnd qr)"
wenzelm@23164: by (auto simp add: split_ifs quorem_def)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma divAlg_correct: "b \<noteq> 0 ==> quorem ((a,b), divAlg (a, b))"
wenzelm@23164: by (force simp add: linorder_neq_iff quorem_0 divAlg_def quorem_neg
wenzelm@23164:                     posDivAlg_correct negDivAlg_correct)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: text{*Arbitrary definitions for division by zero.  Useful to simplify 
wenzelm@23164:     certain equations.*}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma DIVISION_BY_ZERO [simp]: "a div (0::int) = 0 & a mod (0::int) = a"
wenzelm@23164: by (simp add: div_def mod_def divAlg_def posDivAlg.simps)  
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: text{*Basic laws about division and remainder*}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zmod_zdiv_equality: "(a::int) = b * (a div b) + (a mod b)"
wenzelm@23164: apply (case_tac "b = 0", simp)
wenzelm@23164: apply (cut_tac a = a and b = b in divAlg_correct)
wenzelm@23164: apply (auto simp add: quorem_def div_def mod_def)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdiv_zmod_equality: "(b * (a div b) + (a mod b)) + k = (a::int)+k"
wenzelm@23164: by(simp add: zmod_zdiv_equality[symmetric])
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdiv_zmod_equality2: "((a div b) * b + (a mod b)) + k = (a::int)+k"
wenzelm@23164: by(simp add: mult_commute zmod_zdiv_equality[symmetric])
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: text {* Tool setup *}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: ML_setup {*
wenzelm@23164: local 
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: structure CancelDivMod = CancelDivModFun(
wenzelm@23164: struct
wenzelm@23164:   val div_name = @{const_name Divides.div};
wenzelm@23164:   val mod_name = @{const_name Divides.mod};
wenzelm@23164:   val mk_binop = HOLogic.mk_binop;
wenzelm@23164:   val mk_sum = Int_Numeral_Simprocs.mk_sum HOLogic.intT;
wenzelm@23164:   val dest_sum = Int_Numeral_Simprocs.dest_sum;
wenzelm@23164:   val div_mod_eqs =
wenzelm@23164:     map mk_meta_eq [@{thm zdiv_zmod_equality},
wenzelm@23164:       @{thm zdiv_zmod_equality2}];
wenzelm@23164:   val trans = trans;
wenzelm@23164:   val prove_eq_sums =
wenzelm@23164:     let
wenzelm@23164:       val simps = diff_int_def :: Int_Numeral_Simprocs.add_0s @ zadd_ac
wenzelm@23164:     in NatArithUtils.prove_conv all_tac (NatArithUtils.simp_all_tac simps) end;
wenzelm@23164: end)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: in
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: val cancel_zdiv_zmod_proc = NatArithUtils.prep_simproc
wenzelm@23164:   ("cancel_zdiv_zmod", ["(m::int) + n"], K CancelDivMod.proc)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: end;
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: Addsimprocs [cancel_zdiv_zmod_proc]
wenzelm@23164: *}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma pos_mod_conj : "(0::int) < b ==> 0 \<le> a mod b & a mod b < b"
wenzelm@23164: apply (cut_tac a = a and b = b in divAlg_correct)
wenzelm@23164: apply (auto simp add: quorem_def mod_def)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemmas pos_mod_sign  [simp] = pos_mod_conj [THEN conjunct1, standard]
wenzelm@23164:    and pos_mod_bound [simp] = pos_mod_conj [THEN conjunct2, standard]
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma neg_mod_conj : "b < (0::int) ==> a mod b \<le> 0 & b < a mod b"
wenzelm@23164: apply (cut_tac a = a and b = b in divAlg_correct)
wenzelm@23164: apply (auto simp add: quorem_def div_def mod_def)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemmas neg_mod_sign  [simp] = neg_mod_conj [THEN conjunct1, standard]
wenzelm@23164:    and neg_mod_bound [simp] = neg_mod_conj [THEN conjunct2, standard]
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: subsection{*General Properties of div and mod*}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma quorem_div_mod: "b \<noteq> 0 ==> quorem ((a, b), (a div b, a mod b))"
wenzelm@23164: apply (cut_tac a = a and b = b in zmod_zdiv_equality)
wenzelm@23164: apply (force simp add: quorem_def linorder_neq_iff)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma quorem_div: "[| quorem((a,b),(q,r));  b \<noteq> 0 |] ==> a div b = q"
wenzelm@23164: by (simp add: quorem_div_mod [THEN unique_quotient])
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma quorem_mod: "[| quorem((a,b),(q,r));  b \<noteq> 0 |] ==> a mod b = r"
wenzelm@23164: by (simp add: quorem_div_mod [THEN unique_remainder])
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma div_pos_pos_trivial: "[| (0::int) \<le> a;  a < b |] ==> a div b = 0"
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule quorem_div)
wenzelm@23164: apply (auto simp add: quorem_def)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma div_neg_neg_trivial: "[| a \<le> (0::int);  b < a |] ==> a div b = 0"
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule quorem_div)
wenzelm@23164: apply (auto simp add: quorem_def)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma div_pos_neg_trivial: "[| (0::int) < a;  a+b \<le> 0 |] ==> a div b = -1"
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule quorem_div)
wenzelm@23164: apply (auto simp add: quorem_def)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: (*There is no div_neg_pos_trivial because  0 div b = 0 would supersede it*)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma mod_pos_pos_trivial: "[| (0::int) \<le> a;  a < b |] ==> a mod b = a"
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule_tac q = 0 in quorem_mod)
wenzelm@23164: apply (auto simp add: quorem_def)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma mod_neg_neg_trivial: "[| a \<le> (0::int);  b < a |] ==> a mod b = a"
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule_tac q = 0 in quorem_mod)
wenzelm@23164: apply (auto simp add: quorem_def)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma mod_pos_neg_trivial: "[| (0::int) < a;  a+b \<le> 0 |] ==> a mod b = a+b"
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule_tac q = "-1" in quorem_mod)
wenzelm@23164: apply (auto simp add: quorem_def)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: text{*There is no @{text mod_neg_pos_trivial}.*}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: (*Simpler laws such as -a div b = -(a div b) FAIL, but see just below*)
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdiv_zminus_zminus [simp]: "(-a) div (-b) = a div (b::int)"
wenzelm@23164: apply (case_tac "b = 0", simp)
wenzelm@23164: apply (simp add: quorem_div_mod [THEN quorem_neg, simplified, 
wenzelm@23164:                                  THEN quorem_div, THEN sym])
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: (*Simpler laws such as -a mod b = -(a mod b) FAIL, but see just below*)
wenzelm@23164: lemma zmod_zminus_zminus [simp]: "(-a) mod (-b) = - (a mod (b::int))"
wenzelm@23164: apply (case_tac "b = 0", simp)
wenzelm@23164: apply (subst quorem_div_mod [THEN quorem_neg, simplified, THEN quorem_mod],
wenzelm@23164:        auto)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: subsection{*Laws for div and mod with Unary Minus*}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zminus1_lemma:
wenzelm@23164:      "quorem((a,b),(q,r))  
wenzelm@23164:       ==> quorem ((-a,b), (if r=0 then -q else -q - 1),  
wenzelm@23164:                           (if r=0 then 0 else b-r))"
wenzelm@23164: by (force simp add: split_ifs quorem_def linorder_neq_iff right_diff_distrib)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdiv_zminus1_eq_if:
wenzelm@23164:      "b \<noteq> (0::int)  
wenzelm@23164:       ==> (-a) div b =  
wenzelm@23164:           (if a mod b = 0 then - (a div b) else  - (a div b) - 1)"
wenzelm@23164: by (blast intro: quorem_div_mod [THEN zminus1_lemma, THEN quorem_div])
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zmod_zminus1_eq_if:
wenzelm@23164:      "(-a::int) mod b = (if a mod b = 0 then 0 else  b - (a mod b))"
wenzelm@23164: apply (case_tac "b = 0", simp)
wenzelm@23164: apply (blast intro: quorem_div_mod [THEN zminus1_lemma, THEN quorem_mod])
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdiv_zminus2: "a div (-b) = (-a::int) div b"
wenzelm@23164: by (cut_tac a = "-a" in zdiv_zminus_zminus, auto)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zmod_zminus2: "a mod (-b) = - ((-a::int) mod b)"
wenzelm@23164: by (cut_tac a = "-a" and b = b in zmod_zminus_zminus, auto)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdiv_zminus2_eq_if:
wenzelm@23164:      "b \<noteq> (0::int)  
wenzelm@23164:       ==> a div (-b) =  
wenzelm@23164:           (if a mod b = 0 then - (a div b) else  - (a div b) - 1)"
wenzelm@23164: by (simp add: zdiv_zminus1_eq_if zdiv_zminus2)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zmod_zminus2_eq_if:
wenzelm@23164:      "a mod (-b::int) = (if a mod b = 0 then 0 else  (a mod b) - b)"
wenzelm@23164: by (simp add: zmod_zminus1_eq_if zmod_zminus2)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: subsection{*Division of a Number by Itself*}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma self_quotient_aux1: "[| (0::int) < a; a = r + a*q; r < a |] ==> 1 \<le> q"
wenzelm@23164: apply (subgoal_tac "0 < a*q")
wenzelm@23164:  apply (simp add: zero_less_mult_iff, arith)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma self_quotient_aux2: "[| (0::int) < a; a = r + a*q; 0 \<le> r |] ==> q \<le> 1"
wenzelm@23164: apply (subgoal_tac "0 \<le> a* (1-q) ")
wenzelm@23164:  apply (simp add: zero_le_mult_iff)
wenzelm@23164: apply (simp add: right_diff_distrib)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma self_quotient: "[| quorem((a,a),(q,r));  a \<noteq> (0::int) |] ==> q = 1"
wenzelm@23164: apply (simp add: split_ifs quorem_def linorder_neq_iff)
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule order_antisym, safe, simp_all)
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule_tac [3] a = "-a" and r = "-r" in self_quotient_aux1)
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule_tac a = "-a" and r = "-r" in self_quotient_aux2)
wenzelm@23164: apply (force intro: self_quotient_aux1 self_quotient_aux2 simp add: add_commute)+
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma self_remainder: "[| quorem((a,a),(q,r));  a \<noteq> (0::int) |] ==> r = 0"
wenzelm@23164: apply (frule self_quotient, assumption)
wenzelm@23164: apply (simp add: quorem_def)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdiv_self [simp]: "a \<noteq> 0 ==> a div a = (1::int)"
wenzelm@23164: by (simp add: quorem_div_mod [THEN self_quotient])
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: (*Here we have 0 mod 0 = 0, also assumed by Knuth (who puts m mod 0 = 0) *)
wenzelm@23164: lemma zmod_self [simp]: "a mod a = (0::int)"
wenzelm@23164: apply (case_tac "a = 0", simp)
wenzelm@23164: apply (simp add: quorem_div_mod [THEN self_remainder])
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: subsection{*Computation of Division and Remainder*}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdiv_zero [simp]: "(0::int) div b = 0"
wenzelm@23164: by (simp add: div_def divAlg_def)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma div_eq_minus1: "(0::int) < b ==> -1 div b = -1"
wenzelm@23164: by (simp add: div_def divAlg_def)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zmod_zero [simp]: "(0::int) mod b = 0"
wenzelm@23164: by (simp add: mod_def divAlg_def)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdiv_minus1: "(0::int) < b ==> -1 div b = -1"
wenzelm@23164: by (simp add: div_def divAlg_def)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zmod_minus1: "(0::int) < b ==> -1 mod b = b - 1"
wenzelm@23164: by (simp add: mod_def divAlg_def)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: text{*a positive, b positive *}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma div_pos_pos: "[| 0 < a;  0 \<le> b |] ==> a div b = fst (posDivAlg a b)"
wenzelm@23164: by (simp add: div_def divAlg_def)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma mod_pos_pos: "[| 0 < a;  0 \<le> b |] ==> a mod b = snd (posDivAlg a b)"
wenzelm@23164: by (simp add: mod_def divAlg_def)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: text{*a negative, b positive *}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma div_neg_pos: "[| a < 0;  0 < b |] ==> a div b = fst (negDivAlg a b)"
wenzelm@23164: by (simp add: div_def divAlg_def)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma mod_neg_pos: "[| a < 0;  0 < b |] ==> a mod b = snd (negDivAlg a b)"
wenzelm@23164: by (simp add: mod_def divAlg_def)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: text{*a positive, b negative *}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma div_pos_neg:
wenzelm@23164:      "[| 0 < a;  b < 0 |] ==> a div b = fst (negateSnd (negDivAlg (-a) (-b)))"
wenzelm@23164: by (simp add: div_def divAlg_def)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma mod_pos_neg:
wenzelm@23164:      "[| 0 < a;  b < 0 |] ==> a mod b = snd (negateSnd (negDivAlg (-a) (-b)))"
wenzelm@23164: by (simp add: mod_def divAlg_def)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: text{*a negative, b negative *}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma div_neg_neg:
wenzelm@23164:      "[| a < 0;  b \<le> 0 |] ==> a div b = fst (negateSnd (posDivAlg (-a) (-b)))"
wenzelm@23164: by (simp add: div_def divAlg_def)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma mod_neg_neg:
wenzelm@23164:      "[| a < 0;  b \<le> 0 |] ==> a mod b = snd (negateSnd (posDivAlg (-a) (-b)))"
wenzelm@23164: by (simp add: mod_def divAlg_def)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: text {*Simplify expresions in which div and mod combine numerical constants*}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemmas div_pos_pos_number_of [simp] =
wenzelm@23164:     div_pos_pos [of "number_of v" "number_of w", standard]
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemmas div_neg_pos_number_of [simp] =
wenzelm@23164:     div_neg_pos [of "number_of v" "number_of w", standard]
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemmas div_pos_neg_number_of [simp] =
wenzelm@23164:     div_pos_neg [of "number_of v" "number_of w", standard]
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemmas div_neg_neg_number_of [simp] =
wenzelm@23164:     div_neg_neg [of "number_of v" "number_of w", standard]
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemmas mod_pos_pos_number_of [simp] =
wenzelm@23164:     mod_pos_pos [of "number_of v" "number_of w", standard]
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemmas mod_neg_pos_number_of [simp] =
wenzelm@23164:     mod_neg_pos [of "number_of v" "number_of w", standard]
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemmas mod_pos_neg_number_of [simp] =
wenzelm@23164:     mod_pos_neg [of "number_of v" "number_of w", standard]
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemmas mod_neg_neg_number_of [simp] =
wenzelm@23164:     mod_neg_neg [of "number_of v" "number_of w", standard]
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemmas posDivAlg_eqn_number_of [simp] =
wenzelm@23164:     posDivAlg_eqn [of "number_of v" "number_of w", standard]
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemmas negDivAlg_eqn_number_of [simp] =
wenzelm@23164:     negDivAlg_eqn [of "number_of v" "number_of w", standard]
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: text{*Special-case simplification *}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zmod_1 [simp]: "a mod (1::int) = 0"
wenzelm@23164: apply (cut_tac a = a and b = 1 in pos_mod_sign)
wenzelm@23164: apply (cut_tac [2] a = a and b = 1 in pos_mod_bound)
wenzelm@23164: apply (auto simp del:pos_mod_bound pos_mod_sign)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdiv_1 [simp]: "a div (1::int) = a"
wenzelm@23164: by (cut_tac a = a and b = 1 in zmod_zdiv_equality, auto)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zmod_minus1_right [simp]: "a mod (-1::int) = 0"
wenzelm@23164: apply (cut_tac a = a and b = "-1" in neg_mod_sign)
wenzelm@23164: apply (cut_tac [2] a = a and b = "-1" in neg_mod_bound)
wenzelm@23164: apply (auto simp del: neg_mod_sign neg_mod_bound)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdiv_minus1_right [simp]: "a div (-1::int) = -a"
wenzelm@23164: by (cut_tac a = a and b = "-1" in zmod_zdiv_equality, auto)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: (** The last remaining special cases for constant arithmetic:
wenzelm@23164:     1 div z and 1 mod z **)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemmas div_pos_pos_1_number_of [simp] =
wenzelm@23164:     div_pos_pos [OF int_0_less_1, of "number_of w", standard]
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemmas div_pos_neg_1_number_of [simp] =
wenzelm@23164:     div_pos_neg [OF int_0_less_1, of "number_of w", standard]
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemmas mod_pos_pos_1_number_of [simp] =
wenzelm@23164:     mod_pos_pos [OF int_0_less_1, of "number_of w", standard]
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemmas mod_pos_neg_1_number_of [simp] =
wenzelm@23164:     mod_pos_neg [OF int_0_less_1, of "number_of w", standard]
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemmas posDivAlg_eqn_1_number_of [simp] =
wenzelm@23164:     posDivAlg_eqn [of concl: 1 "number_of w", standard]
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemmas negDivAlg_eqn_1_number_of [simp] =
wenzelm@23164:     negDivAlg_eqn [of concl: 1 "number_of w", standard]
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: subsection{*Monotonicity in the First Argument (Dividend)*}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdiv_mono1: "[| a \<le> a';  0 < (b::int) |] ==> a div b \<le> a' div b"
wenzelm@23164: apply (cut_tac a = a and b = b in zmod_zdiv_equality)
wenzelm@23164: apply (cut_tac a = a' and b = b in zmod_zdiv_equality)
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule unique_quotient_lemma)
wenzelm@23164: apply (erule subst)
wenzelm@23164: apply (erule subst, simp_all)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdiv_mono1_neg: "[| a \<le> a';  (b::int) < 0 |] ==> a' div b \<le> a div b"
wenzelm@23164: apply (cut_tac a = a and b = b in zmod_zdiv_equality)
wenzelm@23164: apply (cut_tac a = a' and b = b in zmod_zdiv_equality)
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule unique_quotient_lemma_neg)
wenzelm@23164: apply (erule subst)
wenzelm@23164: apply (erule subst, simp_all)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: subsection{*Monotonicity in the Second Argument (Divisor)*}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma q_pos_lemma:
wenzelm@23164:      "[| 0 \<le> b'*q' + r'; r' < b';  0 < b' |] ==> 0 \<le> (q'::int)"
wenzelm@23164: apply (subgoal_tac "0 < b'* (q' + 1) ")
wenzelm@23164:  apply (simp add: zero_less_mult_iff)
wenzelm@23164: apply (simp add: right_distrib)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdiv_mono2_lemma:
wenzelm@23164:      "[| b*q + r = b'*q' + r';  0 \<le> b'*q' + r';   
wenzelm@23164:          r' < b';  0 \<le> r;  0 < b';  b' \<le> b |]   
wenzelm@23164:       ==> q \<le> (q'::int)"
wenzelm@23164: apply (frule q_pos_lemma, assumption+) 
wenzelm@23164: apply (subgoal_tac "b*q < b* (q' + 1) ")
wenzelm@23164:  apply (simp add: mult_less_cancel_left)
wenzelm@23164: apply (subgoal_tac "b*q = r' - r + b'*q'")
wenzelm@23164:  prefer 2 apply simp
wenzelm@23164: apply (simp (no_asm_simp) add: right_distrib)
wenzelm@23164: apply (subst add_commute, rule zadd_zless_mono, arith)
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule mult_right_mono, auto)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdiv_mono2:
wenzelm@23164:      "[| (0::int) \<le> a;  0 < b';  b' \<le> b |] ==> a div b \<le> a div b'"
wenzelm@23164: apply (subgoal_tac "b \<noteq> 0")
wenzelm@23164:  prefer 2 apply arith
wenzelm@23164: apply (cut_tac a = a and b = b in zmod_zdiv_equality)
wenzelm@23164: apply (cut_tac a = a and b = b' in zmod_zdiv_equality)
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule zdiv_mono2_lemma)
wenzelm@23164: apply (erule subst)
wenzelm@23164: apply (erule subst, simp_all)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma q_neg_lemma:
wenzelm@23164:      "[| b'*q' + r' < 0;  0 \<le> r';  0 < b' |] ==> q' \<le> (0::int)"
wenzelm@23164: apply (subgoal_tac "b'*q' < 0")
wenzelm@23164:  apply (simp add: mult_less_0_iff, arith)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdiv_mono2_neg_lemma:
wenzelm@23164:      "[| b*q + r = b'*q' + r';  b'*q' + r' < 0;   
wenzelm@23164:          r < b;  0 \<le> r';  0 < b';  b' \<le> b |]   
wenzelm@23164:       ==> q' \<le> (q::int)"
wenzelm@23164: apply (frule q_neg_lemma, assumption+) 
wenzelm@23164: apply (subgoal_tac "b*q' < b* (q + 1) ")
wenzelm@23164:  apply (simp add: mult_less_cancel_left)
wenzelm@23164: apply (simp add: right_distrib)
wenzelm@23164: apply (subgoal_tac "b*q' \<le> b'*q'")
wenzelm@23164:  prefer 2 apply (simp add: mult_right_mono_neg, arith)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdiv_mono2_neg:
wenzelm@23164:      "[| a < (0::int);  0 < b';  b' \<le> b |] ==> a div b' \<le> a div b"
wenzelm@23164: apply (cut_tac a = a and b = b in zmod_zdiv_equality)
wenzelm@23164: apply (cut_tac a = a and b = b' in zmod_zdiv_equality)
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule zdiv_mono2_neg_lemma)
wenzelm@23164: apply (erule subst)
wenzelm@23164: apply (erule subst, simp_all)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: subsection{*More Algebraic Laws for div and mod*}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: text{*proving (a*b) div c = a * (b div c) + a * (b mod c) *}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zmult1_lemma:
wenzelm@23164:      "[| quorem((b,c),(q,r));  c \<noteq> 0 |]  
wenzelm@23164:       ==> quorem ((a*b, c), (a*q + a*r div c, a*r mod c))"
wenzelm@23164: by (force simp add: split_ifs quorem_def linorder_neq_iff right_distrib)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdiv_zmult1_eq: "(a*b) div c = a*(b div c) + a*(b mod c) div (c::int)"
wenzelm@23164: apply (case_tac "c = 0", simp)
wenzelm@23164: apply (blast intro: quorem_div_mod [THEN zmult1_lemma, THEN quorem_div])
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zmod_zmult1_eq: "(a*b) mod c = a*(b mod c) mod (c::int)"
wenzelm@23164: apply (case_tac "c = 0", simp)
wenzelm@23164: apply (blast intro: quorem_div_mod [THEN zmult1_lemma, THEN quorem_mod])
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zmod_zmult1_eq': "(a*b) mod (c::int) = ((a mod c) * b) mod c"
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule trans)
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule_tac s = "b*a mod c" in trans)
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule_tac [2] zmod_zmult1_eq)
wenzelm@23164: apply (simp_all add: mult_commute)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zmod_zmult_distrib: "(a*b) mod (c::int) = ((a mod c) * (b mod c)) mod c"
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule zmod_zmult1_eq' [THEN trans])
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule zmod_zmult1_eq)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdiv_zmult_self1 [simp]: "b \<noteq> (0::int) ==> (a*b) div b = a"
wenzelm@23164: by (simp add: zdiv_zmult1_eq)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdiv_zmult_self2 [simp]: "b \<noteq> (0::int) ==> (b*a) div b = a"
wenzelm@23164: by (subst mult_commute, erule zdiv_zmult_self1)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zmod_zmult_self1 [simp]: "(a*b) mod b = (0::int)"
wenzelm@23164: by (simp add: zmod_zmult1_eq)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zmod_zmult_self2 [simp]: "(b*a) mod b = (0::int)"
wenzelm@23164: by (simp add: mult_commute zmod_zmult1_eq)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zmod_eq_0_iff: "(m mod d = 0) = (EX q::int. m = d*q)"
wenzelm@23164: proof
wenzelm@23164:   assume "m mod d = 0"
wenzelm@23164:   with zmod_zdiv_equality[of m d] show "EX q::int. m = d*q" by auto
wenzelm@23164: next
wenzelm@23164:   assume "EX q::int. m = d*q"
wenzelm@23164:   thus "m mod d = 0" by auto
wenzelm@23164: qed
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemmas zmod_eq_0D [dest!] = zmod_eq_0_iff [THEN iffD1]
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: text{*proving (a+b) div c = a div c + b div c + ((a mod c + b mod c) div c) *}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zadd1_lemma:
wenzelm@23164:      "[| quorem((a,c),(aq,ar));  quorem((b,c),(bq,br));  c \<noteq> 0 |]  
wenzelm@23164:       ==> quorem ((a+b, c), (aq + bq + (ar+br) div c, (ar+br) mod c))"
wenzelm@23164: by (force simp add: split_ifs quorem_def linorder_neq_iff right_distrib)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: (*NOT suitable for rewriting: the RHS has an instance of the LHS*)
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdiv_zadd1_eq:
wenzelm@23164:      "(a+b) div (c::int) = a div c + b div c + ((a mod c + b mod c) div c)"
wenzelm@23164: apply (case_tac "c = 0", simp)
wenzelm@23164: apply (blast intro: zadd1_lemma [OF quorem_div_mod quorem_div_mod] quorem_div)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zmod_zadd1_eq: "(a+b) mod (c::int) = (a mod c + b mod c) mod c"
wenzelm@23164: apply (case_tac "c = 0", simp)
wenzelm@23164: apply (blast intro: zadd1_lemma [OF quorem_div_mod quorem_div_mod] quorem_mod)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma mod_div_trivial [simp]: "(a mod b) div b = (0::int)"
wenzelm@23164: apply (case_tac "b = 0", simp)
wenzelm@23164: apply (auto simp add: linorder_neq_iff div_pos_pos_trivial div_neg_neg_trivial)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma mod_mod_trivial [simp]: "(a mod b) mod b = a mod (b::int)"
wenzelm@23164: apply (case_tac "b = 0", simp)
wenzelm@23164: apply (force simp add: linorder_neq_iff mod_pos_pos_trivial mod_neg_neg_trivial)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zmod_zadd_left_eq: "(a+b) mod (c::int) = ((a mod c) + b) mod c"
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule trans [symmetric])
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule zmod_zadd1_eq, simp)
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule zmod_zadd1_eq [symmetric])
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zmod_zadd_right_eq: "(a+b) mod (c::int) = (a + (b mod c)) mod c"
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule trans [symmetric])
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule zmod_zadd1_eq, simp)
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule zmod_zadd1_eq [symmetric])
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdiv_zadd_self1[simp]: "a \<noteq> (0::int) ==> (a+b) div a = b div a + 1"
wenzelm@23164: by (simp add: zdiv_zadd1_eq)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdiv_zadd_self2[simp]: "a \<noteq> (0::int) ==> (b+a) div a = b div a + 1"
wenzelm@23164: by (simp add: zdiv_zadd1_eq)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zmod_zadd_self1[simp]: "(a+b) mod a = b mod (a::int)"
wenzelm@23164: apply (case_tac "a = 0", simp)
wenzelm@23164: apply (simp add: zmod_zadd1_eq)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zmod_zadd_self2[simp]: "(b+a) mod a = b mod (a::int)"
wenzelm@23164: apply (case_tac "a = 0", simp)
wenzelm@23164: apply (simp add: zmod_zadd1_eq)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: subsection{*Proving  @{term "a div (b*c) = (a div b) div c"} *}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: (*The condition c>0 seems necessary.  Consider that 7 div ~6 = ~2 but
wenzelm@23164:   7 div 2 div ~3 = 3 div ~3 = ~1.  The subcase (a div b) mod c = 0 seems
wenzelm@23164:   to cause particular problems.*)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: text{*first, four lemmas to bound the remainder for the cases b<0 and b>0 *}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zmult2_lemma_aux1: "[| (0::int) < c;  b < r;  r \<le> 0 |] ==> b*c < b*(q mod c) + r"
wenzelm@23164: apply (subgoal_tac "b * (c - q mod c) < r * 1")
wenzelm@23164: apply (simp add: right_diff_distrib)
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule order_le_less_trans)
wenzelm@23164: apply (erule_tac [2] mult_strict_right_mono)
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule mult_left_mono_neg)
wenzelm@23164: apply (auto simp add: compare_rls add_commute [of 1]
wenzelm@23164:                       add1_zle_eq pos_mod_bound)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zmult2_lemma_aux2:
wenzelm@23164:      "[| (0::int) < c;   b < r;  r \<le> 0 |] ==> b * (q mod c) + r \<le> 0"
wenzelm@23164: apply (subgoal_tac "b * (q mod c) \<le> 0")
wenzelm@23164:  apply arith
wenzelm@23164: apply (simp add: mult_le_0_iff)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zmult2_lemma_aux3: "[| (0::int) < c;  0 \<le> r;  r < b |] ==> 0 \<le> b * (q mod c) + r"
wenzelm@23164: apply (subgoal_tac "0 \<le> b * (q mod c) ")
wenzelm@23164: apply arith
wenzelm@23164: apply (simp add: zero_le_mult_iff)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zmult2_lemma_aux4: "[| (0::int) < c; 0 \<le> r; r < b |] ==> b * (q mod c) + r < b * c"
wenzelm@23164: apply (subgoal_tac "r * 1 < b * (c - q mod c) ")
wenzelm@23164: apply (simp add: right_diff_distrib)
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule order_less_le_trans)
wenzelm@23164: apply (erule mult_strict_right_mono)
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule_tac [2] mult_left_mono)
wenzelm@23164: apply (auto simp add: compare_rls add_commute [of 1]
wenzelm@23164:                       add1_zle_eq pos_mod_bound)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zmult2_lemma: "[| quorem ((a,b), (q,r));  b \<noteq> 0;  0 < c |]  
wenzelm@23164:       ==> quorem ((a, b*c), (q div c, b*(q mod c) + r))"
wenzelm@23164: by (auto simp add: mult_ac quorem_def linorder_neq_iff
wenzelm@23164:                    zero_less_mult_iff right_distrib [symmetric] 
wenzelm@23164:                    zmult2_lemma_aux1 zmult2_lemma_aux2 zmult2_lemma_aux3 zmult2_lemma_aux4)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdiv_zmult2_eq: "(0::int) < c ==> a div (b*c) = (a div b) div c"
wenzelm@23164: apply (case_tac "b = 0", simp)
wenzelm@23164: apply (force simp add: quorem_div_mod [THEN zmult2_lemma, THEN quorem_div])
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zmod_zmult2_eq:
wenzelm@23164:      "(0::int) < c ==> a mod (b*c) = b*(a div b mod c) + a mod b"
wenzelm@23164: apply (case_tac "b = 0", simp)
wenzelm@23164: apply (force simp add: quorem_div_mod [THEN zmult2_lemma, THEN quorem_mod])
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: subsection{*Cancellation of Common Factors in div*}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdiv_zmult_zmult1_aux1:
wenzelm@23164:      "[| (0::int) < b;  c \<noteq> 0 |] ==> (c*a) div (c*b) = a div b"
wenzelm@23164: by (subst zdiv_zmult2_eq, auto)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdiv_zmult_zmult1_aux2:
wenzelm@23164:      "[| b < (0::int);  c \<noteq> 0 |] ==> (c*a) div (c*b) = a div b"
wenzelm@23164: apply (subgoal_tac " (c * (-a)) div (c * (-b)) = (-a) div (-b) ")
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule_tac [2] zdiv_zmult_zmult1_aux1, auto)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdiv_zmult_zmult1: "c \<noteq> (0::int) ==> (c*a) div (c*b) = a div b"
wenzelm@23164: apply (case_tac "b = 0", simp)
wenzelm@23164: apply (auto simp add: linorder_neq_iff zdiv_zmult_zmult1_aux1 zdiv_zmult_zmult1_aux2)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdiv_zmult_zmult2: "c \<noteq> (0::int) ==> (a*c) div (b*c) = a div b"
wenzelm@23164: apply (drule zdiv_zmult_zmult1)
wenzelm@23164: apply (auto simp add: mult_commute)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: subsection{*Distribution of Factors over mod*}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zmod_zmult_zmult1_aux1:
wenzelm@23164:      "[| (0::int) < b;  c \<noteq> 0 |] ==> (c*a) mod (c*b) = c * (a mod b)"
wenzelm@23164: by (subst zmod_zmult2_eq, auto)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zmod_zmult_zmult1_aux2:
wenzelm@23164:      "[| b < (0::int);  c \<noteq> 0 |] ==> (c*a) mod (c*b) = c * (a mod b)"
wenzelm@23164: apply (subgoal_tac " (c * (-a)) mod (c * (-b)) = c * ((-a) mod (-b))")
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule_tac [2] zmod_zmult_zmult1_aux1, auto)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zmod_zmult_zmult1: "(c*a) mod (c*b) = (c::int) * (a mod b)"
wenzelm@23164: apply (case_tac "b = 0", simp)
wenzelm@23164: apply (case_tac "c = 0", simp)
wenzelm@23164: apply (auto simp add: linorder_neq_iff zmod_zmult_zmult1_aux1 zmod_zmult_zmult1_aux2)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zmod_zmult_zmult2: "(a*c) mod (b*c) = (a mod b) * (c::int)"
wenzelm@23164: apply (cut_tac c = c in zmod_zmult_zmult1)
wenzelm@23164: apply (auto simp add: mult_commute)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: subsection {*Splitting Rules for div and mod*}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: text{*The proofs of the two lemmas below are essentially identical*}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma split_pos_lemma:
wenzelm@23164:  "0<k ==> 
wenzelm@23164:     P(n div k :: int)(n mod k) = (\<forall>i j. 0\<le>j & j<k & n = k*i + j --> P i j)"
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule iffI, clarify)
wenzelm@23164:  apply (erule_tac P="P ?x ?y" in rev_mp)  
wenzelm@23164:  apply (subst zmod_zadd1_eq) 
wenzelm@23164:  apply (subst zdiv_zadd1_eq) 
wenzelm@23164:  apply (simp add: div_pos_pos_trivial mod_pos_pos_trivial)  
wenzelm@23164: txt{*converse direction*}
wenzelm@23164: apply (drule_tac x = "n div k" in spec) 
wenzelm@23164: apply (drule_tac x = "n mod k" in spec, simp)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma split_neg_lemma:
wenzelm@23164:  "k<0 ==>
wenzelm@23164:     P(n div k :: int)(n mod k) = (\<forall>i j. k<j & j\<le>0 & n = k*i + j --> P i j)"
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule iffI, clarify)
wenzelm@23164:  apply (erule_tac P="P ?x ?y" in rev_mp)  
wenzelm@23164:  apply (subst zmod_zadd1_eq) 
wenzelm@23164:  apply (subst zdiv_zadd1_eq) 
wenzelm@23164:  apply (simp add: div_neg_neg_trivial mod_neg_neg_trivial)  
wenzelm@23164: txt{*converse direction*}
wenzelm@23164: apply (drule_tac x = "n div k" in spec) 
wenzelm@23164: apply (drule_tac x = "n mod k" in spec, simp)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma split_zdiv:
wenzelm@23164:  "P(n div k :: int) =
wenzelm@23164:   ((k = 0 --> P 0) & 
wenzelm@23164:    (0<k --> (\<forall>i j. 0\<le>j & j<k & n = k*i + j --> P i)) & 
wenzelm@23164:    (k<0 --> (\<forall>i j. k<j & j\<le>0 & n = k*i + j --> P i)))"
wenzelm@23164: apply (case_tac "k=0", simp)
wenzelm@23164: apply (simp only: linorder_neq_iff)
wenzelm@23164: apply (erule disjE) 
wenzelm@23164:  apply (simp_all add: split_pos_lemma [of concl: "%x y. P x"] 
wenzelm@23164:                       split_neg_lemma [of concl: "%x y. P x"])
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma split_zmod:
wenzelm@23164:  "P(n mod k :: int) =
wenzelm@23164:   ((k = 0 --> P n) & 
wenzelm@23164:    (0<k --> (\<forall>i j. 0\<le>j & j<k & n = k*i + j --> P j)) & 
wenzelm@23164:    (k<0 --> (\<forall>i j. k<j & j\<le>0 & n = k*i + j --> P j)))"
wenzelm@23164: apply (case_tac "k=0", simp)
wenzelm@23164: apply (simp only: linorder_neq_iff)
wenzelm@23164: apply (erule disjE) 
wenzelm@23164:  apply (simp_all add: split_pos_lemma [of concl: "%x y. P y"] 
wenzelm@23164:                       split_neg_lemma [of concl: "%x y. P y"])
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: (* Enable arith to deal with div 2 and mod 2: *)
wenzelm@23164: declare split_zdiv [of _ _ "number_of k", simplified, standard, arith_split]
wenzelm@23164: declare split_zmod [of _ _ "number_of k", simplified, standard, arith_split]
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: subsection{*Speeding up the Division Algorithm with Shifting*}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: text{*computing div by shifting *}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma pos_zdiv_mult_2: "(0::int) \<le> a ==> (1 + 2*b) div (2*a) = b div a"
wenzelm@23164: proof cases
wenzelm@23164:   assume "a=0"
wenzelm@23164:     thus ?thesis by simp
wenzelm@23164: next
wenzelm@23164:   assume "a\<noteq>0" and le_a: "0\<le>a"   
wenzelm@23164:   hence a_pos: "1 \<le> a" by arith
wenzelm@23164:   hence one_less_a2: "1 < 2*a" by arith
wenzelm@23164:   hence le_2a: "2 * (1 + b mod a) \<le> 2 * a"
wenzelm@23164:     by (simp add: mult_le_cancel_left add_commute [of 1] add1_zle_eq)
wenzelm@23164:   with a_pos have "0 \<le> b mod a" by simp
wenzelm@23164:   hence le_addm: "0 \<le> 1 mod (2*a) + 2*(b mod a)"
wenzelm@23164:     by (simp add: mod_pos_pos_trivial one_less_a2)
wenzelm@23164:   with  le_2a
wenzelm@23164:   have "(1 mod (2*a) + 2*(b mod a)) div (2*a) = 0"
wenzelm@23164:     by (simp add: div_pos_pos_trivial le_addm mod_pos_pos_trivial one_less_a2
wenzelm@23164:                   right_distrib) 
wenzelm@23164:   thus ?thesis
wenzelm@23164:     by (subst zdiv_zadd1_eq,
wenzelm@23164:         simp add: zdiv_zmult_zmult1 zmod_zmult_zmult1 one_less_a2
wenzelm@23164:                   div_pos_pos_trivial)
wenzelm@23164: qed
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma neg_zdiv_mult_2: "a \<le> (0::int) ==> (1 + 2*b) div (2*a) = (b+1) div a"
wenzelm@23164: apply (subgoal_tac " (1 + 2* (-b - 1)) div (2 * (-a)) = (-b - 1) div (-a) ")
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule_tac [2] pos_zdiv_mult_2)
wenzelm@23164: apply (auto simp add: minus_mult_right [symmetric] right_diff_distrib)
wenzelm@23164: apply (subgoal_tac " (-1 - (2 * b)) = - (1 + (2 * b))")
wenzelm@23164: apply (simp only: zdiv_zminus_zminus diff_minus minus_add_distrib [symmetric],
wenzelm@23164:        simp) 
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: (*Not clear why this must be proved separately; probably number_of causes
wenzelm@23164:   simplification problems*)
wenzelm@23164: lemma not_0_le_lemma: "~ 0 \<le> x ==> x \<le> (0::int)"
wenzelm@23164: by auto
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdiv_number_of_BIT[simp]:
wenzelm@23164:      "number_of (v BIT b) div number_of (w BIT bit.B0) =  
wenzelm@23164:           (if b=bit.B0 | (0::int) \<le> number_of w                    
wenzelm@23164:            then number_of v div (number_of w)     
wenzelm@23164:            else (number_of v + (1::int)) div (number_of w))"
wenzelm@23164: apply (simp only: number_of_eq numeral_simps UNIV_I split: split_if) 
wenzelm@23164: apply (simp add: zdiv_zmult_zmult1 pos_zdiv_mult_2 neg_zdiv_mult_2 add_ac 
wenzelm@23164:             split: bit.split)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: subsection{*Computing mod by Shifting (proofs resemble those for div)*}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma pos_zmod_mult_2:
wenzelm@23164:      "(0::int) \<le> a ==> (1 + 2*b) mod (2*a) = 1 + 2 * (b mod a)"
wenzelm@23164: apply (case_tac "a = 0", simp)
wenzelm@23164: apply (subgoal_tac "1 < a * 2")
wenzelm@23164:  prefer 2 apply arith
wenzelm@23164: apply (subgoal_tac "2* (1 + b mod a) \<le> 2*a")
wenzelm@23164:  apply (rule_tac [2] mult_left_mono)
wenzelm@23164: apply (auto simp add: add_commute [of 1] mult_commute add1_zle_eq 
wenzelm@23164:                       pos_mod_bound)
wenzelm@23164: apply (subst zmod_zadd1_eq)
wenzelm@23164: apply (simp add: zmod_zmult_zmult2 mod_pos_pos_trivial)
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule mod_pos_pos_trivial)
wenzelm@23164: apply (auto simp add: mod_pos_pos_trivial left_distrib)
wenzelm@23164: apply (subgoal_tac "0 \<le> b mod a", arith, simp)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma neg_zmod_mult_2:
wenzelm@23164:      "a \<le> (0::int) ==> (1 + 2*b) mod (2*a) = 2 * ((b+1) mod a) - 1"
wenzelm@23164: apply (subgoal_tac "(1 + 2* (-b - 1)) mod (2* (-a)) = 
wenzelm@23164:                     1 + 2* ((-b - 1) mod (-a))")
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule_tac [2] pos_zmod_mult_2)
wenzelm@23164: apply (auto simp add: minus_mult_right [symmetric] right_diff_distrib)
wenzelm@23164: apply (subgoal_tac " (-1 - (2 * b)) = - (1 + (2 * b))")
wenzelm@23164:  prefer 2 apply simp 
wenzelm@23164: apply (simp only: zmod_zminus_zminus diff_minus minus_add_distrib [symmetric])
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zmod_number_of_BIT [simp]:
wenzelm@23164:      "number_of (v BIT b) mod number_of (w BIT bit.B0) =  
wenzelm@23164:       (case b of
wenzelm@23164:           bit.B0 => 2 * (number_of v mod number_of w)
wenzelm@23164:         | bit.B1 => if (0::int) \<le> number_of w  
wenzelm@23164:                 then 2 * (number_of v mod number_of w) + 1     
wenzelm@23164:                 else 2 * ((number_of v + (1::int)) mod number_of w) - 1)"
wenzelm@23164: apply (simp only: number_of_eq numeral_simps UNIV_I split: bit.split) 
wenzelm@23164: apply (simp add: zmod_zmult_zmult1 pos_zmod_mult_2 
wenzelm@23164:                  not_0_le_lemma neg_zmod_mult_2 add_ac)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: subsection{*Quotients of Signs*}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma div_neg_pos_less0: "[| a < (0::int);  0 < b |] ==> a div b < 0"
wenzelm@23164: apply (subgoal_tac "a div b \<le> -1", force)
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule order_trans)
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule_tac a' = "-1" in zdiv_mono1)
wenzelm@23164: apply (auto simp add: zdiv_minus1)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma div_nonneg_neg_le0: "[| (0::int) \<le> a;  b < 0 |] ==> a div b \<le> 0"
wenzelm@23164: by (drule zdiv_mono1_neg, auto)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma pos_imp_zdiv_nonneg_iff: "(0::int) < b ==> (0 \<le> a div b) = (0 \<le> a)"
wenzelm@23164: apply auto
wenzelm@23164: apply (drule_tac [2] zdiv_mono1)
wenzelm@23164: apply (auto simp add: linorder_neq_iff)
wenzelm@23164: apply (simp (no_asm_use) add: linorder_not_less [symmetric])
wenzelm@23164: apply (blast intro: div_neg_pos_less0)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma neg_imp_zdiv_nonneg_iff:
wenzelm@23164:      "b < (0::int) ==> (0 \<le> a div b) = (a \<le> (0::int))"
wenzelm@23164: apply (subst zdiv_zminus_zminus [symmetric])
wenzelm@23164: apply (subst pos_imp_zdiv_nonneg_iff, auto)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: (*But not (a div b \<le> 0 iff a\<le>0); consider a=1, b=2 when a div b = 0.*)
wenzelm@23164: lemma pos_imp_zdiv_neg_iff: "(0::int) < b ==> (a div b < 0) = (a < 0)"
wenzelm@23164: by (simp add: linorder_not_le [symmetric] pos_imp_zdiv_nonneg_iff)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: (*Again the law fails for \<le>: consider a = -1, b = -2 when a div b = 0*)
wenzelm@23164: lemma neg_imp_zdiv_neg_iff: "b < (0::int) ==> (a div b < 0) = (0 < a)"
wenzelm@23164: by (simp add: linorder_not_le [symmetric] neg_imp_zdiv_nonneg_iff)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: subsection {* The Divides Relation *}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdvd_iff_zmod_eq_0: "(m dvd n) = (n mod m = (0::int))"
wenzelm@23164: by(simp add:dvd_def zmod_eq_0_iff)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemmas zdvd_iff_zmod_eq_0_number_of [simp] =
wenzelm@23164:   zdvd_iff_zmod_eq_0 [of "number_of x" "number_of y", standard]
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdvd_0_right [iff]: "(m::int) dvd 0"
wenzelm@23164: by (simp add: dvd_def)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdvd_0_left [iff]: "(0 dvd (m::int)) = (m = 0)"
wenzelm@23164:   by (simp add: dvd_def)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdvd_1_left [iff]: "1 dvd (m::int)"
wenzelm@23164:   by (simp add: dvd_def)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdvd_refl [simp]: "m dvd (m::int)"
wenzelm@23164: by (auto simp add: dvd_def intro: zmult_1_right [symmetric])
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdvd_trans: "m dvd n ==> n dvd k ==> m dvd (k::int)"
wenzelm@23164: by (auto simp add: dvd_def intro: mult_assoc)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdvd_zminus_iff: "(m dvd -n) = (m dvd (n::int))"
wenzelm@23164:   apply (simp add: dvd_def, auto)
wenzelm@23164:    apply (rule_tac [!] x = "-k" in exI, auto)
wenzelm@23164:   done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdvd_zminus2_iff: "(-m dvd n) = (m dvd (n::int))"
wenzelm@23164:   apply (simp add: dvd_def, auto)
wenzelm@23164:    apply (rule_tac [!] x = "-k" in exI, auto)
wenzelm@23164:   done
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdvd_abs1: "( \<bar>i::int\<bar> dvd j) = (i dvd j)" 
wenzelm@23164:   apply (cases "i > 0", simp)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (simp add: dvd_def)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (rule iffI)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (erule exE)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (rule_tac x="- k" in exI, simp)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (erule exE)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (rule_tac x="- k" in exI, simp)
wenzelm@23164:   done
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdvd_abs2: "( (i::int) dvd \<bar>j\<bar>) = (i dvd j)" 
wenzelm@23164:   apply (cases "j > 0", simp)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (simp add: dvd_def)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (rule iffI)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (erule exE)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (rule_tac x="- k" in exI, simp)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (erule exE)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (rule_tac x="- k" in exI, simp)
wenzelm@23164:   done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdvd_anti_sym:
wenzelm@23164:     "0 < m ==> 0 < n ==> m dvd n ==> n dvd m ==> m = (n::int)"
wenzelm@23164:   apply (simp add: dvd_def, auto)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (simp add: mult_assoc zero_less_mult_iff zmult_eq_1_iff)
wenzelm@23164:   done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdvd_zadd: "k dvd m ==> k dvd n ==> k dvd (m + n :: int)"
wenzelm@23164:   apply (simp add: dvd_def)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (blast intro: right_distrib [symmetric])
wenzelm@23164:   done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdvd_dvd_eq: assumes anz:"a \<noteq> 0" and ab: "(a::int) dvd b" and ba:"b dvd a" 
wenzelm@23164:   shows "\<bar>a\<bar> = \<bar>b\<bar>"
wenzelm@23164: proof-
wenzelm@23164:   from ab obtain k where k:"b = a*k" unfolding dvd_def by blast 
wenzelm@23164:   from ba obtain k' where k':"a = b*k'" unfolding dvd_def by blast 
wenzelm@23164:   from k k' have "a = a*k*k'" by simp
wenzelm@23164:   with mult_cancel_left1[where c="a" and b="k*k'"]
wenzelm@23164:   have kk':"k*k' = 1" using anz by (simp add: mult_assoc)
wenzelm@23164:   hence "k = 1 \<and> k' = 1 \<or> k = -1 \<and> k' = -1" by (simp add: zmult_eq_1_iff)
wenzelm@23164:   thus ?thesis using k k' by auto
wenzelm@23164: qed
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdvd_zdiff: "k dvd m ==> k dvd n ==> k dvd (m - n :: int)"
wenzelm@23164:   apply (simp add: dvd_def)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (blast intro: right_diff_distrib [symmetric])
wenzelm@23164:   done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdvd_zdiffD: "k dvd m - n ==> k dvd n ==> k dvd (m::int)"
wenzelm@23164:   apply (subgoal_tac "m = n + (m - n)")
wenzelm@23164:    apply (erule ssubst)
wenzelm@23164:    apply (blast intro: zdvd_zadd, simp)
wenzelm@23164:   done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdvd_zmult: "k dvd (n::int) ==> k dvd m * n"
wenzelm@23164:   apply (simp add: dvd_def)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (blast intro: mult_left_commute)
wenzelm@23164:   done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdvd_zmult2: "k dvd (m::int) ==> k dvd m * n"
wenzelm@23164:   apply (subst mult_commute)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (erule zdvd_zmult)
wenzelm@23164:   done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdvd_triv_right [iff]: "(k::int) dvd m * k"
wenzelm@23164:   apply (rule zdvd_zmult)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (rule zdvd_refl)
wenzelm@23164:   done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdvd_triv_left [iff]: "(k::int) dvd k * m"
wenzelm@23164:   apply (rule zdvd_zmult2)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (rule zdvd_refl)
wenzelm@23164:   done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdvd_zmultD2: "j * k dvd n ==> j dvd (n::int)"
wenzelm@23164:   apply (simp add: dvd_def)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (simp add: mult_assoc, blast)
wenzelm@23164:   done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdvd_zmultD: "j * k dvd n ==> k dvd (n::int)"
wenzelm@23164:   apply (rule zdvd_zmultD2)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (subst mult_commute, assumption)
wenzelm@23164:   done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdvd_zmult_mono: "i dvd m ==> j dvd (n::int) ==> i * j dvd m * n"
wenzelm@23164:   apply (simp add: dvd_def, clarify)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (rule_tac x = "k * ka" in exI)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (simp add: mult_ac)
wenzelm@23164:   done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdvd_reduce: "(k dvd n + k * m) = (k dvd (n::int))"
wenzelm@23164:   apply (rule iffI)
wenzelm@23164:    apply (erule_tac [2] zdvd_zadd)
wenzelm@23164:    apply (subgoal_tac "n = (n + k * m) - k * m")
wenzelm@23164:     apply (erule ssubst)
wenzelm@23164:     apply (erule zdvd_zdiff, simp_all)
wenzelm@23164:   done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdvd_zmod: "f dvd m ==> f dvd (n::int) ==> f dvd m mod n"
wenzelm@23164:   apply (simp add: dvd_def)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (auto simp add: zmod_zmult_zmult1)
wenzelm@23164:   done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdvd_zmod_imp_zdvd: "k dvd m mod n ==> k dvd n ==> k dvd (m::int)"
wenzelm@23164:   apply (subgoal_tac "k dvd n * (m div n) + m mod n")
wenzelm@23164:    apply (simp add: zmod_zdiv_equality [symmetric])
wenzelm@23164:   apply (simp only: zdvd_zadd zdvd_zmult2)
wenzelm@23164:   done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdvd_not_zless: "0 < m ==> m < n ==> \<not> n dvd (m::int)"
wenzelm@23164:   apply (simp add: dvd_def, auto)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (subgoal_tac "0 < n")
wenzelm@23164:    prefer 2
wenzelm@23164:    apply (blast intro: order_less_trans)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (simp add: zero_less_mult_iff)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (subgoal_tac "n * k < n * 1")
wenzelm@23164:    apply (drule mult_less_cancel_left [THEN iffD1], auto)
wenzelm@23164:   done
wenzelm@23164: lemma zmult_div_cancel: "(n::int) * (m div n) = m - (m mod n)"
wenzelm@23164:   using zmod_zdiv_equality[where a="m" and b="n"]
wenzelm@23164:   by (simp add: ring_eq_simps)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdvd_mult_div_cancel:"(n::int) dvd m \<Longrightarrow> n * (m div n) = m"
wenzelm@23164: apply (subgoal_tac "m mod n = 0")
wenzelm@23164:  apply (simp add: zmult_div_cancel)
wenzelm@23164: apply (simp only: zdvd_iff_zmod_eq_0)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdvd_mult_cancel: assumes d:"k * m dvd k * n" and kz:"k \<noteq> (0::int)"
wenzelm@23164:   shows "m dvd n"
wenzelm@23164: proof-
wenzelm@23164:   from d obtain h where h: "k*n = k*m * h" unfolding dvd_def by blast
wenzelm@23164:   {assume "n \<noteq> m*h" hence "k* n \<noteq> k* (m*h)" using kz by simp
wenzelm@23164:     with h have False by (simp add: mult_assoc)}
wenzelm@23164:   hence "n = m * h" by blast
wenzelm@23164:   thus ?thesis by blast
wenzelm@23164: qed
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: theorem ex_nat: "(\<exists>x::nat. P x) = (\<exists>x::int. 0 <= x \<and> P (nat x))"
wenzelm@23164:   apply (simp split add: split_nat)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (rule iffI)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (erule exE)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (rule_tac x = "int x" in exI)
wenzelm@23164:   apply simp
wenzelm@23164:   apply (erule exE)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (rule_tac x = "nat x" in exI)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (erule conjE)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (erule_tac x = "nat x" in allE)
wenzelm@23164:   apply simp
wenzelm@23164:   done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: theorem zdvd_int: "(x dvd y) = (int x dvd int y)"
wenzelm@23164:   apply (simp only: dvd_def ex_nat int_int_eq [symmetric] zmult_int [symmetric]
wenzelm@23164:     nat_0_le cong add: conj_cong)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (rule iffI)
wenzelm@23164:   apply iprover
wenzelm@23164:   apply (erule exE)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (case_tac "x=0")
wenzelm@23164:   apply (rule_tac x=0 in exI)
wenzelm@23164:   apply simp
wenzelm@23164:   apply (case_tac "0 \<le> k")
wenzelm@23164:   apply iprover
wenzelm@23164:   apply (simp add: linorder_not_le)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (drule mult_strict_left_mono_neg [OF iffD2 [OF zero_less_int_conv]])
wenzelm@23164:   apply assumption
wenzelm@23164:   apply (simp add: mult_ac)
wenzelm@23164:   done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdvd1_eq[simp]: "(x::int) dvd 1 = ( \<bar>x\<bar> = 1)"
wenzelm@23164: proof
wenzelm@23164:   assume d: "x dvd 1" hence "int (nat \<bar>x\<bar>) dvd int (nat 1)" by (simp add: zdvd_abs1)
wenzelm@23164:   hence "nat \<bar>x\<bar> dvd 1" by (simp add: zdvd_int)
wenzelm@23164:   hence "nat \<bar>x\<bar> = 1"  by simp
wenzelm@23164:   thus "\<bar>x\<bar> = 1" by (cases "x < 0", auto)
wenzelm@23164: next
wenzelm@23164:   assume "\<bar>x\<bar>=1" thus "x dvd 1" 
wenzelm@23164:     by(cases "x < 0",simp_all add: minus_equation_iff zdvd_iff_zmod_eq_0)
wenzelm@23164: qed
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdvd_mult_cancel1: 
wenzelm@23164:   assumes mp:"m \<noteq>(0::int)" shows "(m * n dvd m) = (\<bar>n\<bar> = 1)"
wenzelm@23164: proof
wenzelm@23164:   assume n1: "\<bar>n\<bar> = 1" thus "m * n dvd m" 
wenzelm@23164:     by (cases "n >0", auto simp add: zdvd_zminus2_iff minus_equation_iff)
wenzelm@23164: next
wenzelm@23164:   assume H: "m * n dvd m" hence H2: "m * n dvd m * 1" by simp
wenzelm@23164:   from zdvd_mult_cancel[OF H2 mp] show "\<bar>n\<bar> = 1" by (simp only: zdvd1_eq)
wenzelm@23164: qed
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma int_dvd_iff: "(int m dvd z) = (m dvd nat (abs z))"
wenzelm@23164:   apply (auto simp add: dvd_def nat_abs_mult_distrib)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (auto simp add: nat_eq_iff abs_if split add: split_if_asm)
wenzelm@23164:    apply (rule_tac x = "-(int k)" in exI)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (auto simp add: int_mult)
wenzelm@23164:   done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma dvd_int_iff: "(z dvd int m) = (nat (abs z) dvd m)"
wenzelm@23164:   apply (auto simp add: dvd_def abs_if int_mult)
wenzelm@23164:     apply (rule_tac [3] x = "nat k" in exI)
wenzelm@23164:     apply (rule_tac [2] x = "-(int k)" in exI)
wenzelm@23164:     apply (rule_tac x = "nat (-k)" in exI)
wenzelm@23164:     apply (cut_tac [3] k = m in int_less_0_conv)
wenzelm@23164:     apply (cut_tac k = m in int_less_0_conv)
wenzelm@23164:     apply (auto simp add: zero_le_mult_iff mult_less_0_iff
wenzelm@23164:       nat_mult_distrib [symmetric] nat_eq_iff2)
wenzelm@23164:   done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma nat_dvd_iff: "(nat z dvd m) = (if 0 \<le> z then (z dvd int m) else m = 0)"
wenzelm@23164:   apply (auto simp add: dvd_def int_mult)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (rule_tac x = "nat k" in exI)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (cut_tac k = m in int_less_0_conv)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (auto simp add: zero_le_mult_iff mult_less_0_iff
wenzelm@23164:     nat_mult_distrib [symmetric] nat_eq_iff2)
wenzelm@23164:   done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zminus_dvd_iff [iff]: "(-z dvd w) = (z dvd (w::int))"
wenzelm@23164:   apply (auto simp add: dvd_def)
wenzelm@23164:    apply (rule_tac [!] x = "-k" in exI, auto)
wenzelm@23164:   done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma dvd_zminus_iff [iff]: "(z dvd -w) = (z dvd (w::int))"
wenzelm@23164:   apply (auto simp add: dvd_def)
wenzelm@23164:    apply (drule minus_equation_iff [THEN iffD1])
wenzelm@23164:    apply (rule_tac [!] x = "-k" in exI, auto)
wenzelm@23164:   done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdvd_imp_le: "[| z dvd n; 0 < n |] ==> z \<le> (n::int)"
wenzelm@23164:   apply (rule_tac z=n in int_cases)
wenzelm@23164:   apply (auto simp add: dvd_int_iff) 
wenzelm@23164:   apply (rule_tac z=z in int_cases) 
wenzelm@23164:   apply (auto simp add: dvd_imp_le) 
wenzelm@23164:   done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: subsection{*Integer Powers*} 
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: instance int :: power ..
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: primrec
wenzelm@23164:   "p ^ 0 = 1"
wenzelm@23164:   "p ^ (Suc n) = (p::int) * (p ^ n)"
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: instance int :: recpower
wenzelm@23164: proof
wenzelm@23164:   fix z :: int
wenzelm@23164:   fix n :: nat
wenzelm@23164:   show "z^0 = 1" by simp
wenzelm@23164:   show "z^(Suc n) = z * (z^n)" by simp
wenzelm@23164: qed
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zpower_zmod: "((x::int) mod m)^y mod m = x^y mod m"
wenzelm@23164: apply (induct "y", auto)
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule zmod_zmult1_eq [THEN trans])
wenzelm@23164: apply (simp (no_asm_simp))
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule zmod_zmult_distrib [symmetric])
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zpower_zadd_distrib: "x^(y+z) = ((x^y)*(x^z)::int)"
wenzelm@23164:   by (rule Power.power_add)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zpower_zpower: "(x^y)^z = (x^(y*z)::int)"
wenzelm@23164:   by (rule Power.power_mult [symmetric])
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zero_less_zpower_abs_iff [simp]:
wenzelm@23164:      "(0 < (abs x)^n) = (x \<noteq> (0::int) | n=0)"
wenzelm@23164: apply (induct "n")
wenzelm@23164: apply (auto simp add: zero_less_mult_iff)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zero_le_zpower_abs [simp]: "(0::int) <= (abs x)^n"
wenzelm@23164: apply (induct "n")
wenzelm@23164: apply (auto simp add: zero_le_mult_iff)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma int_power: "int (m^n) = (int m) ^ n"
wenzelm@23164:   by (induct n, simp_all add: int_mult)
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: text{*Compatibility binding*}
wenzelm@23164: lemmas zpower_int = int_power [symmetric]
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zdiv_int: "int (a div b) = (int a) div (int b)"
wenzelm@23164: apply (subst split_div, auto)
wenzelm@23164: apply (subst split_zdiv, auto)
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule_tac a="int (b * i) + int j" and b="int b" and r="int j" and r'=ja in IntDiv.unique_quotient)
wenzelm@23164: apply (auto simp add: IntDiv.quorem_def int_eq_of_nat)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: lemma zmod_int: "int (a mod b) = (int a) mod (int b)"
wenzelm@23164: apply (subst split_mod, auto)
wenzelm@23164: apply (subst split_zmod, auto)
wenzelm@23164: apply (rule_tac a="int (b * i) + int j" and b="int b" and q="int i" and q'=ia 
wenzelm@23164:        in unique_remainder)
wenzelm@23164: apply (auto simp add: IntDiv.quorem_def int_eq_of_nat)
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: text{*Suggested by Matthias Daum*}
wenzelm@23164: lemma int_power_div_base:
wenzelm@23164:      "\<lbrakk>0 < m; 0 < k\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> k ^ m div k = (k::int) ^ (m - Suc 0)"
wenzelm@23164: apply (subgoal_tac "k ^ m = k ^ ((m - 1) + 1)")
wenzelm@23164:  apply (erule ssubst)
wenzelm@23164:  apply (simp only: power_add)
wenzelm@23164:  apply simp_all
wenzelm@23164: done
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: text {* code serializer setup *}
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: code_modulename SML
wenzelm@23164:   IntDiv Integer
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: code_modulename OCaml
wenzelm@23164:   IntDiv Integer
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: code_modulename Haskell
wenzelm@23164:   IntDiv Divides
wenzelm@23164: 
wenzelm@23164: end




