krauss@40107: (* Title:    HOL/Partial_Function.thy
krauss@40107:    Author:   Alexander Krauss, TU Muenchen
krauss@40107: *)
krauss@40107: 
krauss@40107: header {* Partial Function Definitions *}
krauss@40107: 
krauss@40107: theory Partial_Function
krauss@40107: imports Complete_Partial_Order Option
krauss@40107: uses 
krauss@40107:   "Tools/Function/function_lib.ML" 
krauss@40107:   "Tools/Function/partial_function.ML" 
krauss@40107: begin
krauss@40107: 
krauss@40107: setup Partial_Function.setup
krauss@40107: 
krauss@40107: subsection {* Axiomatic setup *}
krauss@40107: 
krauss@40107: text {* This techical locale constains the requirements for function
krauss@42949:   definitions with ccpo fixed points. *}
krauss@40107: 
krauss@40107: definition "fun_ord ord f g \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>x. ord (f x) (g x))"
krauss@40107: definition "fun_lub L A = (\<lambda>x. L {y. \<exists>f\<in>A. y = f x})"
krauss@40107: definition "img_ord f ord = (\<lambda>x y. ord (f x) (f y))"
krauss@40107: definition "img_lub f g Lub = (\<lambda>A. g (Lub (f ` A)))"
krauss@40107: 
krauss@40107: lemma call_mono[partial_function_mono]: "monotone (fun_ord ord) ord (\<lambda>f. f t)"
krauss@40107: by (rule monotoneI) (auto simp: fun_ord_def)
krauss@40107: 
krauss@40288: lemma let_mono[partial_function_mono]:
krauss@40288:   "(\<And>x. monotone orda ordb (\<lambda>f. b f x))
krauss@40288:   \<Longrightarrow> monotone orda ordb (\<lambda>f. Let t (b f))"
krauss@40288: by (simp add: Let_def)
krauss@40288: 
krauss@40107: lemma if_mono[partial_function_mono]: "monotone orda ordb F 
krauss@40107: \<Longrightarrow> monotone orda ordb G
krauss@40107: \<Longrightarrow> monotone orda ordb (\<lambda>f. if c then F f else G f)"
krauss@40107: unfolding monotone_def by simp
krauss@40107: 
krauss@40107: definition "mk_less R = (\<lambda>x y. R x y \<and> \<not> R y x)"
krauss@40107: 
krauss@40107: locale partial_function_definitions = 
krauss@40107:   fixes leq :: "'a \<Rightarrow> 'a \<Rightarrow> bool"
krauss@40107:   fixes lub :: "'a set \<Rightarrow> 'a"
krauss@40107:   assumes leq_refl: "leq x x"
krauss@40107:   assumes leq_trans: "leq x y \<Longrightarrow> leq y z \<Longrightarrow> leq x z"
krauss@40107:   assumes leq_antisym: "leq x y \<Longrightarrow> leq y x \<Longrightarrow> x = y"
krauss@40107:   assumes lub_upper: "chain leq A \<Longrightarrow> x \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> leq x (lub A)"
krauss@40107:   assumes lub_least: "chain leq A \<Longrightarrow> (\<And>x. x \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> leq x z) \<Longrightarrow> leq (lub A) z"
krauss@40107: 
krauss@40107: lemma partial_function_lift:
krauss@40107:   assumes "partial_function_definitions ord lb"
krauss@40107:   shows "partial_function_definitions (fun_ord ord) (fun_lub lb)" (is "partial_function_definitions ?ordf ?lubf")
krauss@40107: proof -
krauss@40107:   interpret partial_function_definitions ord lb by fact
krauss@40107: 
krauss@40107:   { fix A a assume A: "chain ?ordf A"
krauss@40107:     have "chain ord {y. \<exists>f\<in>A. y = f a}" (is "chain ord ?C")
krauss@40107:     proof (rule chainI)
krauss@40107:       fix x y assume "x \<in> ?C" "y \<in> ?C"
krauss@40107:       then obtain f g where fg: "f \<in> A" "g \<in> A" 
krauss@40107:         and [simp]: "x = f a" "y = g a" by blast
krauss@40107:       from chainD[OF A fg]
krauss@40107:       show "ord x y \<or> ord y x" unfolding fun_ord_def by auto
krauss@40107:     qed }
krauss@40107:   note chain_fun = this
krauss@40107: 
krauss@40107:   show ?thesis
krauss@40107:   proof
krauss@40107:     fix x show "?ordf x x"
krauss@40107:       unfolding fun_ord_def by (auto simp: leq_refl)
krauss@40107:   next
krauss@40107:     fix x y z assume "?ordf x y" "?ordf y z"
krauss@40107:     thus "?ordf x z" unfolding fun_ord_def 
krauss@40107:       by (force dest: leq_trans)
krauss@40107:   next
krauss@40107:     fix x y assume "?ordf x y" "?ordf y x"
krauss@40107:     thus "x = y" unfolding fun_ord_def
krauss@40107:       by (force intro!: ext dest: leq_antisym)
krauss@40107:   next
krauss@40107:     fix A f assume f: "f \<in> A" and A: "chain ?ordf A"
krauss@40107:     thus "?ordf f (?lubf A)"
krauss@40107:       unfolding fun_lub_def fun_ord_def
krauss@40107:       by (blast intro: lub_upper chain_fun[OF A] f)
krauss@40107:   next
krauss@40107:     fix A :: "('b \<Rightarrow> 'a) set" and g :: "'b \<Rightarrow> 'a"
krauss@40107:     assume A: "chain ?ordf A" and g: "\<And>f. f \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> ?ordf f g"
krauss@40107:     show "?ordf (?lubf A) g" unfolding fun_lub_def fun_ord_def
krauss@40107:       by (blast intro: lub_least chain_fun[OF A] dest: g[unfolded fun_ord_def])
krauss@40107:    qed
krauss@40107: qed
krauss@40107: 
krauss@40107: lemma ccpo: assumes "partial_function_definitions ord lb"
krauss@40107:   shows "class.ccpo ord (mk_less ord) lb"
krauss@40107: using assms unfolding partial_function_definitions_def mk_less_def
krauss@40107: by unfold_locales blast+
krauss@40107: 
krauss@40107: lemma partial_function_image:
krauss@40107:   assumes "partial_function_definitions ord Lub"
krauss@40107:   assumes inj: "\<And>x y. f x = f y \<Longrightarrow> x = y"
krauss@40107:   assumes inv: "\<And>x. f (g x) = x"
krauss@40107:   shows "partial_function_definitions (img_ord f ord) (img_lub f g Lub)"
krauss@40107: proof -
krauss@40107:   let ?iord = "img_ord f ord"
krauss@40107:   let ?ilub = "img_lub f g Lub"
krauss@40107: 
krauss@40107:   interpret partial_function_definitions ord Lub by fact
krauss@40107:   show ?thesis
krauss@40107:   proof
krauss@40107:     fix A x assume "chain ?iord A" "x \<in> A"
krauss@40107:     then have "chain ord (f ` A)" "f x \<in> f ` A"
krauss@40107:       by (auto simp: img_ord_def intro: chainI dest: chainD)
krauss@40107:     thus "?iord x (?ilub A)"
krauss@40107:       unfolding inv img_lub_def img_ord_def by (rule lub_upper)
krauss@40107:   next
krauss@40107:     fix A x assume "chain ?iord A"
krauss@40107:       and 1: "\<And>z. z \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> ?iord z x"
krauss@40107:     then have "chain ord (f ` A)"
krauss@40107:       by (auto simp: img_ord_def intro: chainI dest: chainD)
krauss@40107:     thus "?iord (?ilub A) x"
krauss@40107:       unfolding inv img_lub_def img_ord_def
krauss@40107:       by (rule lub_least) (auto dest: 1[unfolded img_ord_def])
krauss@40107:   qed (auto simp: img_ord_def intro: leq_refl dest: leq_trans leq_antisym inj)
krauss@40107: qed
krauss@40107: 
krauss@40107: context partial_function_definitions
krauss@40107: begin
krauss@40107: 
krauss@40107: abbreviation "le_fun \<equiv> fun_ord leq"
krauss@40107: abbreviation "lub_fun \<equiv> fun_lub lub"
krauss@40107: abbreviation "fixp_fun == ccpo.fixp le_fun lub_fun"
krauss@40107: abbreviation "mono_body \<equiv> monotone le_fun leq"
krauss@40107: 
krauss@40107: text {* Interpret manually, to avoid flooding everything with facts about
krauss@40107:   orders *}
krauss@40107: 
krauss@40107: lemma ccpo: "class.ccpo le_fun (mk_less le_fun) lub_fun"
krauss@40107: apply (rule ccpo)
krauss@40107: apply (rule partial_function_lift)
krauss@40107: apply (rule partial_function_definitions_axioms)
krauss@40107: done
krauss@40107: 
krauss@40107: text {* The crucial fixed-point theorem *}
krauss@40107: 
krauss@40107: lemma mono_body_fixp: 
krauss@40107:   "(\<And>x. mono_body (\<lambda>f. F f x)) \<Longrightarrow> fixp_fun F = F (fixp_fun F)"
krauss@40107: by (rule ccpo.fixp_unfold[OF ccpo]) (auto simp: monotone_def fun_ord_def)
krauss@40107: 
krauss@40107: text {* Version with curry/uncurry combinators, to be used by package *}
krauss@40107: 
krauss@40107: lemma fixp_rule_uc:
krauss@40107:   fixes F :: "'c \<Rightarrow> 'c" and
krauss@40107:     U :: "'c \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'a" and
krauss@40107:     C :: "('b \<Rightarrow> 'a) \<Rightarrow> 'c"
krauss@40107:   assumes mono: "\<And>x. mono_body (\<lambda>f. U (F (C f)) x)"
krauss@40107:   assumes eq: "f \<equiv> C (fixp_fun (\<lambda>f. U (F (C f))))"
krauss@40107:   assumes inverse: "\<And>f. C (U f) = f"
krauss@40107:   shows "f = F f"
krauss@40107: proof -
krauss@40107:   have "f = C (fixp_fun (\<lambda>f. U (F (C f))))" by (simp add: eq)
krauss@40107:   also have "... = C (U (F (C (fixp_fun (\<lambda>f. U (F (C f)))))))"
krauss@40107:     by (subst mono_body_fixp[of "%f. U (F (C f))", OF mono]) (rule refl)
krauss@40107:   also have "... = F (C (fixp_fun (\<lambda>f. U (F (C f)))))" by (rule inverse)
krauss@40107:   also have "... = F f" by (simp add: eq)
krauss@40107:   finally show "f = F f" .
krauss@40107: qed
krauss@40107: 
krauss@40107: text {* Rules for @{term mono_body}: *}
krauss@40107: 
krauss@40107: lemma const_mono[partial_function_mono]: "monotone ord leq (\<lambda>f. c)"
krauss@40107: by (rule monotoneI) (rule leq_refl)
krauss@40107: 
krauss@40107: end
krauss@40107: 
krauss@40107: 
krauss@40107: subsection {* Flat interpretation: tailrec and option *}
krauss@40107: 
krauss@40107: definition 
krauss@40107:   "flat_ord b x y \<longleftrightarrow> x = b \<or> x = y"
krauss@40107: 
krauss@40107: definition 
krauss@40107:   "flat_lub b A = (if A \<subseteq> {b} then b else (THE x. x \<in> A - {b}))"
krauss@40107: 
krauss@40107: lemma flat_interpretation:
krauss@40107:   "partial_function_definitions (flat_ord b) (flat_lub b)"
krauss@40107: proof
krauss@40107:   fix A x assume 1: "chain (flat_ord b) A" "x \<in> A"
krauss@40107:   show "flat_ord b x (flat_lub b A)"
krauss@40107:   proof cases
krauss@40107:     assume "x = b"
krauss@40107:     thus ?thesis by (simp add: flat_ord_def)
krauss@40107:   next
krauss@40107:     assume "x \<noteq> b"
krauss@40107:     with 1 have "A - {b} = {x}"
krauss@40107:       by (auto elim: chainE simp: flat_ord_def)
krauss@40107:     then have "flat_lub b A = x"
krauss@40107:       by (auto simp: flat_lub_def)
krauss@40107:     thus ?thesis by (auto simp: flat_ord_def)
krauss@40107:   qed
krauss@40107: next
krauss@40107:   fix A z assume A: "chain (flat_ord b) A"
krauss@40107:     and z: "\<And>x. x \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> flat_ord b x z"
krauss@40107:   show "flat_ord b (flat_lub b A) z"
krauss@40107:   proof cases
krauss@40107:     assume "A \<subseteq> {b}"
krauss@40107:     thus ?thesis
krauss@40107:       by (auto simp: flat_lub_def flat_ord_def)
krauss@40107:   next
krauss@40107:     assume nb: "\<not> A \<subseteq> {b}"
krauss@40107:     then obtain y where y: "y \<in> A" "y \<noteq> b" by auto
krauss@40107:     with A have "A - {b} = {y}"
krauss@40107:       by (auto elim: chainE simp: flat_ord_def)
krauss@40107:     with nb have "flat_lub b A = y"
krauss@40107:       by (auto simp: flat_lub_def)
krauss@40107:     with z y show ?thesis by auto    
krauss@40107:   qed
krauss@40107: qed (auto simp: flat_ord_def)
krauss@40107: 
krauss@40107: interpretation tailrec!:
krauss@40107:   partial_function_definitions "flat_ord undefined" "flat_lub undefined"
krauss@40107: by (rule flat_interpretation)
krauss@40107: 
krauss@40107: interpretation option!:
krauss@40107:   partial_function_definitions "flat_ord None" "flat_lub None"
krauss@40107: by (rule flat_interpretation)
krauss@40107: 
krauss@42949: declaration {* Partial_Function.init "tailrec" @{term tailrec.fixp_fun}
krauss@43080:   @{term tailrec.mono_body} @{thm tailrec.fixp_rule_uc} NONE *}
krauss@42949: 
krauss@42949: declaration {* Partial_Function.init "option" @{term option.fixp_fun}
krauss@43080:   @{term option.mono_body} @{thm option.fixp_rule_uc} NONE *}
krauss@42949: 
krauss@42949: 
krauss@40107: abbreviation "option_ord \<equiv> flat_ord None"
krauss@40107: abbreviation "mono_option \<equiv> monotone (fun_ord option_ord) option_ord"
krauss@40107: 
krauss@40107: lemma bind_mono[partial_function_mono]:
krauss@40107: assumes mf: "mono_option B" and mg: "\<And>y. mono_option (\<lambda>f. C y f)"
krauss@40107: shows "mono_option (\<lambda>f. Option.bind (B f) (\<lambda>y. C y f))"
krauss@40107: proof (rule monotoneI)
krauss@40107:   fix f g :: "'a \<Rightarrow> 'b option" assume fg: "fun_ord option_ord f g"
krauss@40107:   with mf
krauss@40107:   have "option_ord (B f) (B g)" by (rule monotoneD[of _ _ _ f g])
krauss@40107:   then have "option_ord (Option.bind (B f) (\<lambda>y. C y f)) (Option.bind (B g) (\<lambda>y. C y f))"
krauss@40107:     unfolding flat_ord_def by auto    
krauss@40107:   also from mg
krauss@40107:   have "\<And>y'. option_ord (C y' f) (C y' g)"
krauss@40107:     by (rule monotoneD) (rule fg)
krauss@40107:   then have "option_ord (Option.bind (B g) (\<lambda>y'. C y' f)) (Option.bind (B g) (\<lambda>y'. C y' g))"
krauss@40107:     unfolding flat_ord_def by (cases "B g") auto
krauss@40107:   finally (option.leq_trans)
krauss@40107:   show "option_ord (Option.bind (B f) (\<lambda>y. C y f)) (Option.bind (B g) (\<lambda>y'. C y' g))" .
krauss@40107: qed
krauss@40107: 
krauss@40252: hide_const (open) chain
krauss@40107: 
krauss@40107: end
krauss@40107: