diff -r 11aa41ed306d -r 1eced27ee0e1 doc-src/TutorialI/CodeGen/document/CodeGen.tex --- a/doc-src/TutorialI/CodeGen/document/CodeGen.tex Sun Aug 28 19:42:10 2005 +0200 +++ b/doc-src/TutorialI/CodeGen/document/CodeGen.tex Sun Aug 28 19:42:19 2005 +0200 @@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ \endisadelimtheory % \isatagtheory +\isamarkupfalse% % \endisatagtheory {\isafoldtheory}% @@ -14,7 +15,6 @@ \isadelimtheory % \endisadelimtheory -\isamarkuptrue% % \isamarkupsection{Case Study: Compiling Expressions% } @@ -31,13 +31,13 @@ a fixed set of binary operations: instead the expression contains the appropriate function itself.% \end{isamarkuptext}% -\isamarkupfalse% -\isacommand{types}\ {\isacharprime}v\ binop\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isachardoublequote}{\isacharprime}v\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ {\isacharprime}v\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ {\isacharprime}v{\isachardoublequote}\isanewline -\isamarkupfalse% -\isacommand{datatype}\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isacharprime}a{\isacharcomma}{\isacharprime}v{\isacharparenright}expr\ {\isacharequal}\ Cex\ {\isacharprime}v\isanewline +\isamarkuptrue% +\isacommand{types}\isamarkupfalse% +\ {\isacharprime}v\ binop\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}{\isacharprime}v\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ {\isacharprime}v\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ {\isacharprime}v{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline +\isacommand{datatype}\isamarkupfalse% +\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isacharprime}a{\isacharcomma}{\isacharprime}v{\isacharparenright}expr\ {\isacharequal}\ Cex\ {\isacharprime}v\isanewline \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ {\isacharbar}\ Vex\ {\isacharprime}a\isanewline -\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ {\isacharbar}\ Bex\ {\isachardoublequote}{\isacharprime}v\ binop{\isachardoublequote}\ \ {\isachardoublequote}{\isacharparenleft}{\isacharprime}a{\isacharcomma}{\isacharprime}v{\isacharparenright}expr{\isachardoublequote}\ \ {\isachardoublequote}{\isacharparenleft}{\isacharprime}a{\isacharcomma}{\isacharprime}v{\isacharparenright}expr{\isachardoublequote}\isamarkuptrue% -% +\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ {\isacharbar}\ Bex\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}{\isacharprime}v\ binop{\isachardoublequoteclose}\ \ {\isachardoublequoteopen}{\isacharparenleft}{\isacharprime}a{\isacharcomma}{\isacharprime}v{\isacharparenright}expr{\isachardoublequoteclose}\ \ {\isachardoublequoteopen}{\isacharparenleft}{\isacharprime}a{\isacharcomma}{\isacharprime}v{\isacharparenright}expr{\isachardoublequoteclose}% \begin{isamarkuptext}% \noindent The three constructors represent constants, variables and the application of @@ -46,25 +46,25 @@ The value of an expression with respect to an environment that maps variables to values is easily defined:% \end{isamarkuptext}% -\isamarkupfalse% -\isacommand{consts}\ value\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequote}{\isacharparenleft}{\isacharprime}a{\isacharcomma}{\isacharprime}v{\isacharparenright}expr\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isacharprime}a\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ {\isacharprime}v{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ {\isacharprime}v{\isachardoublequote}\isanewline -\isamarkupfalse% -\isacommand{primrec}\isanewline -{\isachardoublequote}value\ {\isacharparenleft}Cex\ v{\isacharparenright}\ env\ {\isacharequal}\ v{\isachardoublequote}\isanewline -{\isachardoublequote}value\ {\isacharparenleft}Vex\ a{\isacharparenright}\ env\ {\isacharequal}\ env\ a{\isachardoublequote}\isanewline -{\isachardoublequote}value\ {\isacharparenleft}Bex\ f\ e{\isadigit{1}}\ e{\isadigit{2}}{\isacharparenright}\ env\ {\isacharequal}\ f\ {\isacharparenleft}value\ e{\isadigit{1}}\ env{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharparenleft}value\ e{\isadigit{2}}\ env{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequote}\isamarkuptrue% -% +\isamarkuptrue% +\isacommand{consts}\isamarkupfalse% +\ value\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}{\isacharparenleft}{\isacharprime}a{\isacharcomma}{\isacharprime}v{\isacharparenright}expr\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isacharprime}a\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ {\isacharprime}v{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ {\isacharprime}v{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline +\isacommand{primrec}\isamarkupfalse% +\isanewline +{\isachardoublequoteopen}value\ {\isacharparenleft}Cex\ v{\isacharparenright}\ env\ {\isacharequal}\ v{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline +{\isachardoublequoteopen}value\ {\isacharparenleft}Vex\ a{\isacharparenright}\ env\ {\isacharequal}\ env\ a{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline +{\isachardoublequoteopen}value\ {\isacharparenleft}Bex\ f\ e{\isadigit{1}}\ e{\isadigit{2}}{\isacharparenright}\ env\ {\isacharequal}\ f\ {\isacharparenleft}value\ e{\isadigit{1}}\ env{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharparenleft}value\ e{\isadigit{2}}\ env{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}% \begin{isamarkuptext}% The stack machine has three instructions: load a constant value onto the stack, load the contents of an address onto the stack, and apply a binary operation to the two topmost elements of the stack, replacing them by the result. As for \isa{expr}, addresses and values are type parameters:% \end{isamarkuptext}% -\isamarkupfalse% -\isacommand{datatype}\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isacharprime}a{\isacharcomma}{\isacharprime}v{\isacharparenright}\ instr\ {\isacharequal}\ Const\ {\isacharprime}v\isanewline +\isamarkuptrue% +\isacommand{datatype}\isamarkupfalse% +\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isacharprime}a{\isacharcomma}{\isacharprime}v{\isacharparenright}\ instr\ {\isacharequal}\ Const\ {\isacharprime}v\isanewline \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ {\isacharbar}\ Load\ {\isacharprime}a\isanewline -\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ {\isacharbar}\ Apply\ {\isachardoublequote}{\isacharprime}v\ binop{\isachardoublequote}\isamarkuptrue% -% +\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ {\isacharbar}\ Apply\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}{\isacharprime}v\ binop{\isachardoublequoteclose}% \begin{isamarkuptext}% The execution of the stack machine is modelled by a function \isa{exec} that takes a list of instructions, a store (modelled as a @@ -73,16 +73,16 @@ and returns the stack at the end of the execution --- the store remains unchanged:% \end{isamarkuptext}% -\isamarkupfalse% -\isacommand{consts}\ exec\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequote}{\isacharparenleft}{\isacharprime}a{\isacharcomma}{\isacharprime}v{\isacharparenright}instr\ list\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isacharprime}a{\isasymRightarrow}{\isacharprime}v{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ {\isacharprime}v\ list\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ {\isacharprime}v\ list{\isachardoublequote}\isanewline -\isamarkupfalse% -\isacommand{primrec}\isanewline -{\isachardoublequote}exec\ {\isacharbrackleft}{\isacharbrackright}\ s\ vs\ {\isacharequal}\ vs{\isachardoublequote}\isanewline -{\isachardoublequote}exec\ {\isacharparenleft}i{\isacharhash}is{\isacharparenright}\ s\ vs\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}case\ i\ of\isanewline +\isamarkuptrue% +\isacommand{consts}\isamarkupfalse% +\ exec\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}{\isacharparenleft}{\isacharprime}a{\isacharcomma}{\isacharprime}v{\isacharparenright}instr\ list\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isacharprime}a{\isasymRightarrow}{\isacharprime}v{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ {\isacharprime}v\ list\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ {\isacharprime}v\ list{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline +\isacommand{primrec}\isamarkupfalse% +\isanewline +{\isachardoublequoteopen}exec\ {\isacharbrackleft}{\isacharbrackright}\ s\ vs\ {\isacharequal}\ vs{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline +{\isachardoublequoteopen}exec\ {\isacharparenleft}i{\isacharhash}is{\isacharparenright}\ s\ vs\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}case\ i\ of\isanewline \ \ \ \ Const\ v\ \ {\isasymRightarrow}\ exec\ is\ s\ {\isacharparenleft}v{\isacharhash}vs{\isacharparenright}\isanewline \ \ {\isacharbar}\ Load\ a\ \ \ {\isasymRightarrow}\ exec\ is\ s\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isacharparenleft}s\ a{\isacharparenright}{\isacharhash}vs{\isacharparenright}\isanewline -\ \ {\isacharbar}\ Apply\ f\ \ {\isasymRightarrow}\ exec\ is\ s\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isacharparenleft}f\ {\isacharparenleft}hd\ vs{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharparenleft}hd{\isacharparenleft}tl\ vs{\isacharparenright}{\isacharparenright}{\isacharparenright}{\isacharhash}{\isacharparenleft}tl{\isacharparenleft}tl\ vs{\isacharparenright}{\isacharparenright}{\isacharparenright}{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequote}\isamarkuptrue% -% +\ \ {\isacharbar}\ Apply\ f\ \ {\isasymRightarrow}\ exec\ is\ s\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isacharparenleft}f\ {\isacharparenleft}hd\ vs{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharparenleft}hd{\isacharparenleft}tl\ vs{\isacharparenright}{\isacharparenright}{\isacharparenright}{\isacharhash}{\isacharparenleft}tl{\isacharparenleft}tl\ vs{\isacharparenright}{\isacharparenright}{\isacharparenright}{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}% \begin{isamarkuptext}% \noindent Recall that \isa{hd} and \isa{tl} @@ -96,25 +96,27 @@ The compiler is a function from expressions to a list of instructions. Its definition is obvious:% \end{isamarkuptext}% -\isamarkupfalse% -\isacommand{consts}\ comp\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequote}{\isacharparenleft}{\isacharprime}a{\isacharcomma}{\isacharprime}v{\isacharparenright}expr\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isacharprime}a{\isacharcomma}{\isacharprime}v{\isacharparenright}instr\ list{\isachardoublequote}\isanewline -\isamarkupfalse% -\isacommand{primrec}\isanewline -{\isachardoublequote}comp\ {\isacharparenleft}Cex\ v{\isacharparenright}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharbrackleft}Const\ v{\isacharbrackright}{\isachardoublequote}\isanewline -{\isachardoublequote}comp\ {\isacharparenleft}Vex\ a{\isacharparenright}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharbrackleft}Load\ a{\isacharbrackright}{\isachardoublequote}\isanewline -{\isachardoublequote}comp\ {\isacharparenleft}Bex\ f\ e{\isadigit{1}}\ e{\isadigit{2}}{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}comp\ e{\isadigit{2}}{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharat}\ {\isacharparenleft}comp\ e{\isadigit{1}}{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharat}\ {\isacharbrackleft}Apply\ f{\isacharbrackright}{\isachardoublequote}\isamarkuptrue% -% +\isamarkuptrue% +\isacommand{consts}\isamarkupfalse% +\ comp\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}{\isacharparenleft}{\isacharprime}a{\isacharcomma}{\isacharprime}v{\isacharparenright}expr\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isacharprime}a{\isacharcomma}{\isacharprime}v{\isacharparenright}instr\ list{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline +\isacommand{primrec}\isamarkupfalse% +\isanewline +{\isachardoublequoteopen}comp\ {\isacharparenleft}Cex\ v{\isacharparenright}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharbrackleft}Const\ v{\isacharbrackright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline +{\isachardoublequoteopen}comp\ {\isacharparenleft}Vex\ a{\isacharparenright}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharbrackleft}Load\ a{\isacharbrackright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline +{\isachardoublequoteopen}comp\ {\isacharparenleft}Bex\ f\ e{\isadigit{1}}\ e{\isadigit{2}}{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}comp\ e{\isadigit{2}}{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharat}\ {\isacharparenleft}comp\ e{\isadigit{1}}{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharat}\ {\isacharbrackleft}Apply\ f{\isacharbrackright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}% \begin{isamarkuptext}% Now we have to prove the correctness of the compiler, i.e.\ that the execution of a compiled expression results in the value of the expression:% \end{isamarkuptext}% -\isamarkupfalse% -\isacommand{theorem}\ {\isachardoublequote}exec\ {\isacharparenleft}comp\ e{\isacharparenright}\ s\ {\isacharbrackleft}{\isacharbrackright}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharbrackleft}value\ e\ s{\isacharbrackright}{\isachardoublequote}% +\isamarkuptrue% +\isacommand{theorem}\isamarkupfalse% +\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}exec\ {\isacharparenleft}comp\ e{\isacharparenright}\ s\ {\isacharbrackleft}{\isacharbrackright}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharbrackleft}value\ e\ s{\isacharbrackright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}% \isadelimproof % \endisadelimproof % \isatagproof +\isamarkupfalse% % \endisatagproof {\isafoldproof}% @@ -122,20 +124,19 @@ \isadelimproof % \endisadelimproof -\isamarkuptrue% % \begin{isamarkuptext}% \noindent This theorem needs to be generalized:% \end{isamarkuptext}% -\isamarkupfalse% -\isacommand{theorem}\ {\isachardoublequote}{\isasymforall}vs{\isachardot}\ exec\ {\isacharparenleft}comp\ e{\isacharparenright}\ s\ vs\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}value\ e\ s{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharhash}\ vs{\isachardoublequote}% +\isamarkuptrue% +\isacommand{theorem}\isamarkupfalse% +\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}{\isasymforall}vs{\isachardot}\ exec\ {\isacharparenleft}comp\ e{\isacharparenright}\ s\ vs\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}value\ e\ s{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharhash}\ vs{\isachardoublequoteclose}% \isadelimproof % \endisadelimproof % \isatagproof -\isamarkuptrue% % \begin{isamarkuptxt}% \noindent @@ -143,6 +144,8 @@ First, we must prove a lemma about executing the concatenation of two instruction sequences:% \end{isamarkuptxt}% +\isamarkuptrue% +\isamarkupfalse% % \endisatagproof {\isafoldproof}% @@ -150,15 +153,14 @@ \isadelimproof % \endisadelimproof -\isamarkupfalse% -\isacommand{lemma}\ exec{\isacharunderscore}app{\isacharbrackleft}simp{\isacharbrackright}{\isacharcolon}\isanewline -\ \ {\isachardoublequote}{\isasymforall}vs{\isachardot}\ exec\ {\isacharparenleft}xs{\isacharat}ys{\isacharparenright}\ s\ vs\ {\isacharequal}\ exec\ ys\ s\ {\isacharparenleft}exec\ xs\ s\ vs{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequote}% +\isacommand{lemma}\isamarkupfalse% +\ exec{\isacharunderscore}app{\isacharbrackleft}simp{\isacharbrackright}{\isacharcolon}\isanewline +\ \ {\isachardoublequoteopen}{\isasymforall}vs{\isachardot}\ exec\ {\isacharparenleft}xs{\isacharat}ys{\isacharparenright}\ s\ vs\ {\isacharequal}\ exec\ ys\ s\ {\isacharparenleft}exec\ xs\ s\ vs{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}% \isadelimproof % \endisadelimproof % \isatagproof -\isamarkuptrue% % \begin{isamarkuptxt}% \noindent @@ -167,15 +169,16 @@ that contains two \isa{case}-expressions over instructions. Thus we add automatic case splitting, which finishes the proof:% \end{isamarkuptxt}% -\isamarkupfalse% -\isacommand{apply}{\isacharparenleft}induct{\isacharunderscore}tac\ xs{\isacharcomma}\ simp{\isacharcomma}\ simp\ split{\isacharcolon}\ instr{\isachardot}split{\isacharparenright}% +\isamarkuptrue% +\isacommand{apply}\isamarkupfalse% +{\isacharparenleft}induct{\isacharunderscore}tac\ xs{\isacharcomma}\ simp{\isacharcomma}\ simp\ split{\isacharcolon}\ instr{\isachardot}split{\isacharparenright}\isamarkupfalse% +% \endisatagproof {\isafoldproof}% % \isadelimproof % \endisadelimproof -\isamarkuptrue% % \begin{isamarkuptext}% \noindent @@ -183,21 +186,24 @@ be modified in the same way as \isa{simp}. Thus the proof can be rewritten as% \end{isamarkuptext}% +\isamarkuptrue% +\isamarkupfalse% +\isamarkupfalse% % \isadelimproof % \endisadelimproof % \isatagproof -\isamarkupfalse% -\isacommand{apply}{\isacharparenleft}induct{\isacharunderscore}tac\ xs{\isacharcomma}\ simp{\isacharunderscore}all\ split{\isacharcolon}\ instr{\isachardot}split{\isacharparenright}% +\isacommand{apply}\isamarkupfalse% +{\isacharparenleft}induct{\isacharunderscore}tac\ xs{\isacharcomma}\ simp{\isacharunderscore}all\ split{\isacharcolon}\ instr{\isachardot}split{\isacharparenright}\isamarkupfalse% +% \endisatagproof {\isafoldproof}% % \isadelimproof % \endisadelimproof -\isamarkuptrue% % \begin{isamarkuptext}% \noindent @@ -209,12 +215,15 @@ its instance.% \index{compiling expressions example|)}% \end{isamarkuptext}% +\isamarkuptrue% +\isamarkupfalse% % \isadelimproof % \endisadelimproof % \isatagproof +\isamarkupfalse% % \endisatagproof {\isafoldproof}% @@ -228,6 +237,7 @@ \endisadelimtheory % \isatagtheory +\isamarkupfalse% % \endisatagtheory {\isafoldtheory}%