diff -r 9423817dee84 -r 1f93f5a27de6 doc-src/TutorialI/CTL/document/PDL.tex --- a/doc-src/TutorialI/CTL/document/PDL.tex Wed Jan 10 00:15:33 2001 +0100 +++ b/doc-src/TutorialI/CTL/document/PDL.tex Wed Jan 10 10:40:34 2001 +0100 @@ -58,14 +58,14 @@ {\isachardoublequote}mc{\isacharparenleft}Neg\ f{\isacharparenright}\ \ \ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharminus}mc\ f{\isachardoublequote}\isanewline {\isachardoublequote}mc{\isacharparenleft}And\ f\ g{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ mc\ f\ {\isasyminter}\ mc\ g{\isachardoublequote}\isanewline {\isachardoublequote}mc{\isacharparenleft}AX\ f{\isacharparenright}\ \ \ \ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharbraceleft}s{\isachardot}\ {\isasymforall}t{\isachardot}\ {\isacharparenleft}s{\isacharcomma}t{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymin}\ M\ \ {\isasymlongrightarrow}\ t\ {\isasymin}\ mc\ f{\isacharbraceright}{\isachardoublequote}\isanewline -{\isachardoublequote}mc{\isacharparenleft}EF\ f{\isacharparenright}\ \ \ \ {\isacharequal}\ lfp{\isacharparenleft}{\isasymlambda}T{\isachardot}\ mc\ f\ {\isasymunion}\ M{\isasyminverse}\ {\isacharbackquote}{\isacharbackquote}{\isacharbackquote}\ T{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequote}% +{\isachardoublequote}mc{\isacharparenleft}EF\ f{\isacharparenright}\ \ \ \ {\isacharequal}\ lfp{\isacharparenleft}{\isasymlambda}T{\isachardot}\ mc\ f\ {\isasymunion}\ M{\isasyminverse}\ {\isacharbackquote}{\isacharbackquote}\ T{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequote}% \begin{isamarkuptext}% \noindent Only the equation for \isa{EF} deserves some comments. Remember that the -postfix \isa{{\isasyminverse}} and the infix \isa{{\isacharbackquote}{\isacharbackquote}{\isacharbackquote}} are predefined and denote the +postfix \isa{{\isasyminverse}} and the infix \isa{{\isacharbackquote}{\isacharbackquote}} are predefined and denote the converse of a relation and the application of a relation to a set. Thus -\isa{M{\isasyminverse}\ {\isacharbackquote}{\isacharbackquote}{\isacharbackquote}\ T} is the set of all predecessors of \isa{T} and the least -fixed point (\isa{lfp}) of \isa{{\isasymlambda}T{\isachardot}\ mc\ f\ {\isasymunion}\ M{\isasyminverse}\ {\isacharbackquote}{\isacharbackquote}{\isacharbackquote}\ T} is the least set +\isa{M{\isasyminverse}\ {\isacharbackquote}{\isacharbackquote}\ T} is the set of all predecessors of \isa{T} and the least +fixed point (\isa{lfp}) of \isa{{\isasymlambda}T{\isachardot}\ mc\ f\ {\isasymunion}\ M{\isasyminverse}\ {\isacharbackquote}{\isacharbackquote}\ T} is the least set \isa{T} containing \isa{mc\ f} and all predecessors of \isa{T}. If you find it hard to see that \isa{mc\ {\isacharparenleft}EF\ f{\isacharparenright}} contains exactly those states from which there is a path to a state where \isa{f} is true, do not worry---that @@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ First we prove monotonicity of the function inside \isa{lfp}% \end{isamarkuptext}% -\isacommand{lemma}\ mono{\isacharunderscore}ef{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequote}mono{\isacharparenleft}{\isasymlambda}T{\isachardot}\ A\ {\isasymunion}\ M{\isasyminverse}\ {\isacharbackquote}{\isacharbackquote}{\isacharbackquote}\ T{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequote}\isanewline +\isacommand{lemma}\ mono{\isacharunderscore}ef{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequote}mono{\isacharparenleft}{\isasymlambda}T{\isachardot}\ A\ {\isasymunion}\ M{\isasyminverse}\ {\isacharbackquote}{\isacharbackquote}\ T{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequote}\isanewline \isacommand{apply}{\isacharparenleft}rule\ monoI{\isacharparenright}\isanewline \isacommand{apply}\ blast\isanewline \isacommand{done}% @@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ a separate lemma:% \end{isamarkuptext}% \isacommand{lemma}\ EF{\isacharunderscore}lemma{\isacharcolon}\isanewline -\ \ {\isachardoublequote}lfp{\isacharparenleft}{\isasymlambda}T{\isachardot}\ A\ {\isasymunion}\ M{\isasyminverse}\ {\isacharbackquote}{\isacharbackquote}{\isacharbackquote}\ T{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharbraceleft}s{\isachardot}\ {\isasymexists}t{\isachardot}\ {\isacharparenleft}s{\isacharcomma}t{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymin}\ M\isactrlsup {\isacharasterisk}\ {\isasymand}\ t\ {\isasymin}\ A{\isacharbraceright}{\isachardoublequote}% +\ \ {\isachardoublequote}lfp{\isacharparenleft}{\isasymlambda}T{\isachardot}\ A\ {\isasymunion}\ M{\isasyminverse}\ {\isacharbackquote}{\isacharbackquote}\ T{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharbraceleft}s{\isachardot}\ {\isasymexists}t{\isachardot}\ {\isacharparenleft}s{\isacharcomma}t{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymin}\ M\isactrlsup {\isacharasterisk}\ {\isasymand}\ t\ {\isasymin}\ A{\isacharbraceright}{\isachardoublequote}% \begin{isamarkuptxt}% \noindent The equality is proved in the canonical fashion by proving that each set @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ \noindent Simplification leaves us with the following first subgoal \begin{isabelle}% -\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isachardot}\ {\isasymAnd}s{\isachardot}\ s\ {\isasymin}\ lfp\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isasymlambda}T{\isachardot}\ A\ {\isasymunion}\ M{\isasyminverse}\ {\isacharbackquote}{\isacharbackquote}{\isacharbackquote}\ T{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ {\isasymexists}t{\isachardot}\ {\isacharparenleft}s{\isacharcomma}\ t{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymin}\ M\isactrlsup {\isacharasterisk}\ {\isasymand}\ t\ {\isasymin}\ A% +\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isachardot}\ {\isasymAnd}s{\isachardot}\ s\ {\isasymin}\ lfp\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isasymlambda}T{\isachardot}\ A\ {\isasymunion}\ M{\isasyminverse}\ {\isacharbackquote}{\isacharbackquote}\ T{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ {\isasymexists}t{\isachardot}\ {\isacharparenleft}s{\isacharcomma}\ t{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymin}\ M\isactrlsup {\isacharasterisk}\ {\isasymand}\ t\ {\isasymin}\ A% \end{isabelle} which is proved by \isa{lfp}-induction:% \end{isamarkuptxt}% @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ \noindent After simplification and clarification we are left with \begin{isabelle}% -\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isachardot}\ {\isasymAnd}x\ t{\isachardot}\ {\isasymlbrakk}{\isacharparenleft}x{\isacharcomma}\ t{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymin}\ M\isactrlsup {\isacharasterisk}{\isacharsemicolon}\ t\ {\isasymin}\ A{\isasymrbrakk}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ x\ {\isasymin}\ lfp\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isasymlambda}T{\isachardot}\ A\ {\isasymunion}\ M{\isasyminverse}\ {\isacharbackquote}{\isacharbackquote}{\isacharbackquote}\ T{\isacharparenright}% +\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isachardot}\ {\isasymAnd}x\ t{\isachardot}\ {\isasymlbrakk}{\isacharparenleft}x{\isacharcomma}\ t{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymin}\ M\isactrlsup {\isacharasterisk}{\isacharsemicolon}\ t\ {\isasymin}\ A{\isasymrbrakk}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ x\ {\isasymin}\ lfp\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isasymlambda}T{\isachardot}\ A\ {\isasymunion}\ M{\isasyminverse}\ {\isacharbackquote}{\isacharbackquote}\ T{\isacharparenright}% \end{isabelle} This goal is proved by induction on \isa{{\isacharparenleft}s{\isacharcomma}\ t{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymin}\ M\isactrlsup {\isacharasterisk}}. But since the model checker works backwards (from \isa{t} to \isa{s}), we cannot use the @@ -148,14 +148,14 @@ \noindent The base case \begin{isabelle}% -\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isachardot}\ {\isasymAnd}x\ t{\isachardot}\ t\ {\isasymin}\ A\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ t\ {\isasymin}\ lfp\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isasymlambda}T{\isachardot}\ A\ {\isasymunion}\ M{\isasyminverse}\ {\isacharbackquote}{\isacharbackquote}{\isacharbackquote}\ T{\isacharparenright}% +\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isachardot}\ {\isasymAnd}x\ t{\isachardot}\ t\ {\isasymin}\ A\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ t\ {\isasymin}\ lfp\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isasymlambda}T{\isachardot}\ A\ {\isasymunion}\ M{\isasyminverse}\ {\isacharbackquote}{\isacharbackquote}\ T{\isacharparenright}% \end{isabelle} is solved by unrolling \isa{lfp} once% \end{isamarkuptxt}% \ \isacommand{apply}{\isacharparenleft}rule\ ssubst{\isacharbrackleft}OF\ lfp{\isacharunderscore}unfold{\isacharbrackleft}OF\ mono{\isacharunderscore}ef{\isacharbrackright}{\isacharbrackright}{\isacharparenright}% \begin{isamarkuptxt}% \begin{isabelle}% -\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isachardot}\ {\isasymAnd}x\ t{\isachardot}\ t\ {\isasymin}\ A\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ t\ {\isasymin}\ A\ {\isasymunion}\ M{\isasyminverse}\ {\isacharbackquote}{\isacharbackquote}{\isacharbackquote}\ lfp\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isasymlambda}T{\isachardot}\ A\ {\isasymunion}\ M{\isasyminverse}\ {\isacharbackquote}{\isacharbackquote}{\isacharbackquote}\ T{\isacharparenright}% +\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isachardot}\ {\isasymAnd}x\ t{\isachardot}\ t\ {\isasymin}\ A\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ t\ {\isasymin}\ A\ {\isasymunion}\ M{\isasyminverse}\ {\isacharbackquote}{\isacharbackquote}\ lfp\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isasymlambda}T{\isachardot}\ A\ {\isasymunion}\ M{\isasyminverse}\ {\isacharbackquote}{\isacharbackquote}\ T{\isacharparenright}% \end{isabelle} and disposing of the resulting trivial subgoal automatically:% \end{isamarkuptxt}%