diff -r 000000000000 -r a5a9c433f639 src/Pure/tctical.ML --- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/src/Pure/tctical.ML Thu Sep 16 12:20:38 1993 +0200 @@ -0,0 +1,542 @@ +(* Title: tctical + ID: $Id$ + Author: Lawrence C Paulson, Cambridge University Computer Laboratory + Copyright 1993 University of Cambridge + +Tacticals +*) + +infix 1 THEN THEN' THEN_BEST_FIRST; +infix 0 ORELSE APPEND INTLEAVE ORELSE' APPEND' INTLEAVE'; + + +signature TACTICAL = + sig + structure Thm : THM + local open Thm in + datatype tactic = Tactic of thm -> thm Sequence.seq + val all_tac: tactic + val ALLGOALS: (int -> tactic) -> tactic + val APPEND: tactic * tactic -> tactic + val APPEND': ('a -> tactic) * ('a -> tactic) -> 'a -> tactic + val BEST_FIRST: (thm -> bool) * (thm -> int) -> tactic -> tactic + val BREADTH_FIRST: (thm -> bool) -> tactic -> tactic + val CHANGED: tactic -> tactic + val COND: (thm -> bool) -> tactic -> tactic -> tactic + val DEPTH_FIRST: (thm -> bool) -> tactic -> tactic + val DEPTH_SOLVE: tactic -> tactic + val DEPTH_SOLVE_1: tactic -> tactic + val DETERM: tactic -> tactic + val EVERY: tactic list -> tactic + val EVERY': ('a -> tactic) list -> 'a -> tactic + val EVERY1: (int -> tactic) list -> tactic + val FILTER: (thm -> bool) -> tactic -> tactic + val FIRST: tactic list -> tactic + val FIRST': ('a -> tactic) list -> 'a -> tactic + val FIRST1: (int -> tactic) list -> tactic + val FIRSTGOAL: (int -> tactic) -> tactic + val goals_limit: int ref + val has_fewer_prems: int -> thm -> bool + val IF_UNSOLVED: tactic -> tactic + val INTLEAVE: tactic * tactic -> tactic + val INTLEAVE': ('a -> tactic) * ('a -> tactic) -> 'a -> tactic + val METAHYPS: (thm list -> tactic) -> int -> tactic + val no_tac: tactic + val ORELSE: tactic * tactic -> tactic + val ORELSE': ('a -> tactic) * ('a -> tactic) -> 'a -> tactic + val pause_tac: tactic + val print_tac: tactic + val REPEAT1: tactic -> tactic + val REPEAT: tactic -> tactic + val REPEAT_DETERM: tactic -> tactic + val REPEAT_FIRST: (int -> tactic) -> tactic + val REPEAT_SOME: (int -> tactic) -> tactic + val SELECT_GOAL: tactic -> int -> tactic + val SOMEGOAL: (int -> tactic) -> tactic + val STATE: (thm -> tactic) -> tactic + val strip_context: term -> (string * typ) list * term list * term + val SUBGOAL: ((term*int) -> tactic) -> int -> tactic + val tapply: tactic * thm -> thm Sequence.seq + val THEN: tactic * tactic -> tactic + val THEN': ('a -> tactic) * ('a -> tactic) -> 'a -> tactic + val THEN_BEST_FIRST: tactic * ((thm->bool) * (thm->int) * tactic) -> tactic + val traced_tac: (thm -> (thm * thm Sequence.seq) option) -> tactic + val tracify: bool ref -> tactic -> thm -> thm Sequence.seq + val trace_BEST_FIRST: bool ref + val trace_DEPTH_FIRST: bool ref + val trace_REPEAT: bool ref + val TRY: tactic -> tactic + val TRYALL: (int -> tactic) -> tactic + end + end; + + +functor TacticalFun (structure Logic: LOGIC and Drule: DRULE) : TACTICAL = +struct +structure Thm = Drule.Thm; +structure Sequence = Thm.Sequence; +structure Sign = Thm.Sign; +local open Drule Thm +in + +(**** Tactics ****) + +(*A tactic maps a proof tree to a sequence of proof trees: + if length of sequence = 0 then the tactic does not apply; + if length > 1 then backtracking on the alternatives can occur.*) + +datatype tactic = Tactic of thm -> thm Sequence.seq; + +fun tapply(Tactic tf, state) = tf (state); + +(*Makes a tactic from one that uses the components of the state.*) +fun STATE tacfun = Tactic (fn state => tapply(tacfun state, state)); + + +(*** LCF-style tacticals ***) + +(*the tactical THEN performs one tactic followed by another*) +fun (Tactic tf1) THEN (Tactic tf2) = + Tactic (fn state => Sequence.flats (Sequence.maps tf2 (tf1 state))); + + +(*The tactical ORELSE uses the first tactic that returns a nonempty sequence. + Like in LCF, ORELSE commits to either tac1 or tac2 immediately. + Does not backtrack to tac2 if tac1 was initially chosen. *) +fun (Tactic tf1) ORELSE (Tactic tf2) = + Tactic (fn state => + case Sequence.pull(tf1 state) of + None => tf2 state + | sequencecell => Sequence.seqof(fn()=> sequencecell)); + + +(*The tactical APPEND combines the results of two tactics. + Like ORELSE, but allows backtracking on both tac1 and tac2. + The tactic tac2 is not applied until needed.*) +fun (Tactic tf1) APPEND (Tactic tf2) = + Tactic (fn state => Sequence.append(tf1 state, + Sequence.seqof(fn()=> Sequence.pull (tf2 state)))); + +(*Like APPEND, but interleaves results of tac1 and tac2.*) +fun (Tactic tf1) INTLEAVE (Tactic tf2) = + Tactic (fn state => Sequence.interleave(tf1 state, + Sequence.seqof(fn()=> Sequence.pull (tf2 state)))); + +(*Versions for combining tactic-valued functions, as in + SOMEGOAL (resolve_tac rls THEN' assume_tac) *) +fun tac1 THEN' tac2 = fn x => tac1 x THEN tac2 x; +fun tac1 ORELSE' tac2 = fn x => tac1 x ORELSE tac2 x; +fun tac1 APPEND' tac2 = fn x => tac1 x APPEND tac2 x; +fun tac1 INTLEAVE' tac2 = fn x => tac1 x INTLEAVE tac2 x; + +(*passes all proofs through unchanged; identity of THEN*) +val all_tac = Tactic (fn state => Sequence.single state); + +(*passes no proofs through; identity of ORELSE and APPEND*) +val no_tac = Tactic (fn state => Sequence.null); + + +(*Make a tactic deterministic by chopping the tail of the proof sequence*) +fun DETERM (Tactic tf) = Tactic (fn state => + case Sequence.pull (tf state) of + None => Sequence.null + | Some(x,_) => Sequence.cons(x, Sequence.null)); + + +(*Conditional tactical: testfun controls which tactic to use next. + Beware: due to eager evaluation, both thentac and elsetac are evaluated.*) +fun COND testfun (Tactic thenf) (Tactic elsef) = Tactic (fn prf => + if testfun prf then thenf prf else elsef prf); + +(*Do the tactic or else do nothing*) +fun TRY tac = tac ORELSE all_tac; + + +(*** List-oriented tactics ***) + +(* EVERY [tac1,...,tacn] equals tac1 THEN ... THEN tacn *) +fun EVERY tacs = foldr (op THEN) (tacs, all_tac); + +(* EVERY' [tf1,...,tfn] i equals tf1 i THEN ... THEN tfn i *) +fun EVERY' tfs = foldr (op THEN') (tfs, K all_tac); + +(*Apply every tactic to 1*) +fun EVERY1 tfs = EVERY' tfs 1; + +(* FIRST [tac1,...,tacn] equals tac1 ORELSE ... ORELSE tacn *) +fun FIRST tacs = foldr (op ORELSE) (tacs, no_tac); + +(* FIRST' [tf1,...,tfn] i equals tf1 i ORELSE ... ORELSE tfn i *) +fun FIRST' tfs = foldr (op ORELSE') (tfs, K no_tac); + +(*Apply first tactic to 1*) +fun FIRST1 tfs = FIRST' tfs 1; + + +(*** Tracing tactics ***) + +(*Max number of goals to print -- set by user*) +val goals_limit = ref 10; + +(*Print the current proof state and pass it on.*) +val print_tac = Tactic (fn state => + (print_goals (!goals_limit) state; Sequence.single state)); + +(*Pause until a line is typed -- if non-empty then fail. *) +val pause_tac = Tactic (fn state => + (prs"** Press RETURN to continue: "; + if input(std_in,1) = "\n" then Sequence.single state + else (prs"Goodbye\n"; Sequence.null))); + +exception TRACE_EXIT of thm +and TRACE_QUIT; + +(*Handle all tracing commands for current state and tactic *) +fun exec_trace_command flag (tf, state) = + case input_line(std_in) of + "\n" => tf state + | "f\n" => Sequence.null + | "o\n" => (flag:=false; tf state) + | "x\n" => (prs"Exiting now\n"; raise (TRACE_EXIT state)) + | "quit\n" => raise TRACE_QUIT + | _ => (prs +"Type RETURN to continue or...\n\ +\ f - to fail here\n\ +\ o - to switch tracing off\n\ +\ x - to exit at this point\n\ +\ quit - to abort this tracing run\n\ +\** Well? " ; exec_trace_command flag (tf, state)); + + +(*Extract from a tactic, a thm->thm seq function that handles tracing*) +fun tracify flag (Tactic tf) state = + if !flag then (print_goals (!goals_limit) state; + prs"** Press RETURN to continue: "; + exec_trace_command flag (tf,state)) + else tf state; + +(*Create a tactic whose outcome is given by seqf, handling TRACE_EXIT*) +fun traced_tac seqf = Tactic (fn st => + Sequence.seqof (fn()=> seqf st + handle TRACE_EXIT st' => Some(st', Sequence.null))); + + +(*Tracing flags*) +val trace_REPEAT= ref false +and trace_DEPTH_FIRST = ref false +and trace_BEST_FIRST = ref false; + +(*Deterministic REPEAT: only retains the first outcome; + uses less space than REPEAT; tail recursive*) +fun REPEAT_DETERM tac = + let val tf = tracify trace_REPEAT tac + fun drep st = + case Sequence.pull(tf st) of + None => Some(st, Sequence.null) + | Some(st',_) => drep st' + in traced_tac drep end; + +(*General REPEAT: maintains a stack of alternatives; tail recursive*) +fun REPEAT tac = + let val tf = tracify trace_REPEAT tac + fun rep qs st = + case Sequence.pull(tf st) of + None => Some(st, Sequence.seqof(fn()=> repq qs)) + | Some(st',q) => rep (q::qs) st' + and repq [] = None + | repq(q::qs) = case Sequence.pull q of + None => repq qs + | Some(st,q) => rep (q::qs) st + in traced_tac (rep []) end; + +(*Repeat 1 or more times*) +fun REPEAT1 tac = tac THEN REPEAT tac; + + +(** Search tacticals **) + +(*Seaarches "satp" reports proof tree as satisfied*) +fun DEPTH_FIRST satp tac = + let val tf = tracify trace_DEPTH_FIRST tac + fun depth [] = None + | depth(q::qs) = + case Sequence.pull q of + None => depth qs + | Some(st,stq) => + if satp st then Some(st, Sequence.seqof(fn()=> depth(stq::qs))) + else depth (tf st :: stq :: qs) + in traced_tac (fn st => depth([Sequence.single st])) end; + + +(*Predicate: Does the rule have fewer than n premises?*) +fun has_fewer_prems n rule = (nprems_of rule < n); + +(*Apply a tactic if subgoals remain, else do nothing.*) +val IF_UNSOLVED = COND (has_fewer_prems 1) all_tac; + +(*Tactical to reduce the number of premises by 1. + If no subgoals then it must fail! *) +fun DEPTH_SOLVE_1 tac = STATE + (fn state => + (case nprems_of state of + 0 => no_tac + | n => DEPTH_FIRST (has_fewer_prems n) tac)); + +(*Uses depth-first search to solve ALL subgoals*) +val DEPTH_SOLVE = DEPTH_FIRST (has_fewer_prems 1); + +(*** Best-first search ***) + +(*Insertion into priority queue of states *) +fun insert (nth: int*thm, []) = [nth] + | insert ((m,th), (n,th')::nths) = + if n some_of_list l)); + + +(* Best-first search for a state that satisfies satp (incl initial state) + Function sizef estimates size of problem remaining (smaller means better). + tactic tf0 sets up the initial priority queue, which is searched by tac. *) +fun (Tactic tf0) THEN_BEST_FIRST (satp, sizef, tac) = + let val tf = tracify trace_BEST_FIRST tac + fun pairsize th = (sizef th, th); + fun bfs (news,nprfs) = + (case partition satp news of + ([],nonsats) => next(foldr insert + (map pairsize nonsats, nprfs)) + | (sats,_) => some_of_list sats) + and next [] = None + | next ((n,prf)::nprfs) = + (if !trace_BEST_FIRST + then writeln("state size = " ^ string_of_int n ^ + " queue length =" ^ string_of_int (length nprfs)) + else (); + bfs (Sequence.list_of_s (tf prf), nprfs)) + fun tf st = bfs (Sequence.list_of_s (tf0 st), []) + in traced_tac tf end; + +(*Ordinary best-first search, with no initial tactic*) +fun BEST_FIRST (satp,sizef) tac = all_tac THEN_BEST_FIRST (satp,sizef,tac); + +(*Breadth-first search to satisfy satpred (including initial state) + SLOW -- SHOULD NOT USE APPEND!*) +fun BREADTH_FIRST satpred (Tactic tf) = + let val tacf = Sequence.list_of_s o tf; + fun bfs prfs = + (case partition satpred prfs of + ([],[]) => [] + | ([],nonsats) => + (prs("breadth=" ^ string_of_int(length nonsats) ^ "\n"); + bfs (flat (map tacf nonsats))) + | (sats,_) => sats) + in Tactic (fn state => Sequence.s_of_list (bfs [state])) end; + + +(** Filtering tacticals **) + +(*Returns all states satisfying the predicate*) +fun FILTER pred (Tactic tf) = Tactic + (fn state => Sequence.filters pred (tf state)); + +(*Returns all changed states*) +fun CHANGED (Tactic tf) = + Tactic (fn state => + let fun diff st = not (eq_thm(state,st)) + in Sequence.filters diff (tf state) + end ); + + +(*** Tacticals based on subgoal numbering ***) + +(*For n subgoals, performs tf(n) THEN ... THEN tf(1) + Essential to work backwards since tf(i) may add/delete subgoals at i. *) +fun ALLGOALS tf = + let fun tac 0 = all_tac + | tac n = tf(n) THEN tac(n-1) + in Tactic(fn state => tapply(tac(nprems_of state), state)) end; + +(*For n subgoals, performs tf(n) ORELSE ... ORELSE tf(1) *) +fun SOMEGOAL tf = + let fun tac 0 = no_tac + | tac n = tf(n) ORELSE tac(n-1) + in Tactic(fn state => tapply(tac(nprems_of state), state)) end; + +(*For n subgoals, performs tf(1) ORELSE ... ORELSE tf(n). + More appropriate than SOMEGOAL in some cases.*) +fun FIRSTGOAL tf = + let fun tac (i,n) = if i>n then no_tac else tf(i) ORELSE tac (i+1,n) + in Tactic(fn state => tapply(tac(1, nprems_of state), state)) end; + +(*Repeatedly solve some using tf. *) +fun REPEAT_SOME tf = REPEAT1 (SOMEGOAL (REPEAT1 o tf)); + +(*Repeatedly solve the first possible subgoal using tf. *) +fun REPEAT_FIRST tf = REPEAT1 (FIRSTGOAL (REPEAT1 o tf)); + +(*For n subgoals, tries to apply tf to n,...1 *) +fun TRYALL tf = ALLGOALS (TRY o tf); + + +(*Make a tactic for subgoal i, if there is one. *) +fun SUBGOAL goalfun i = Tactic(fn state => + case drop(i-1, prems_of state) of + [] => Sequence.null + | prem::_ => tapply(goalfun (prem,i), state)); + +(*Tactical for restricting the effect of a tactic to subgoal i. + Works by making a new state from subgoal i, applying tf to it, and + composing the resulting metathm with the original state. + The "main goal" of the new state will not be atomic, some tactics may fail! + DOES NOT work if tactic affects the main goal other than by instantiation.*) + +(* (!!x. ?V) ==> ?V ; used by protect_subgoal.*) +val dummy_quant_rl = + standard (forall_elim_var 0 (assume + (Sign.read_cterm Sign.pure ("!!x. PROP V",propT)))); + +(* Prevent the subgoal's assumptions from becoming additional subgoals in the + new proof state by enclosing them by a universal quantification *) +fun protect_subgoal state i = + case Sequence.chop (1, bicompose false (false,dummy_quant_rl,1) i state) + of + ([state'],_) => state' + | _ => error"SELECT_GOAL -- impossible error???"; + +(*Does the work of SELECT_GOAL. *) +fun select (Tactic tf) state i = + let val prem::_ = drop(i-1, prems_of state) + val st0 = trivial (Sign.cterm_of (#sign(rep_thm state)) prem); + fun next st = bicompose false (false, st, nprems_of st) i state + in Sequence.flats (Sequence.maps next (tf st0)) + end; + +(*If i=1 and there is only one subgoal then do nothing!*) +fun SELECT_GOAL tac i = Tactic (fn state => + case (i, drop(i-1, prems_of state)) of + (_,[]) => Sequence.null + | (1,[_]) => tapply(tac,state) + | (_, (Const("==>",_)$_$_) :: _) => select tac (protect_subgoal state i) i + | (_, _::_) => select tac state i); + + + +(*Strips assumptions in goal yielding ( [x1,...,xm], [H1,...,Hn], B ) + H1,...,Hn are the hypotheses; x1...xm are variants of the parameters. + Main difference from strip_assums concerns parameters: + it replaces the bound variables by free variables. *) +fun strip_context_aux (params, Hs, Const("==>", _) $ H $ B) = + strip_context_aux (params, H::Hs, B) + | strip_context_aux (params, Hs, Const("all",_)$Abs(a,T,t)) = + let val (b,u) = variant_abs(a,T,t) + in strip_context_aux ((b,T)::params, Hs, u) end + | strip_context_aux (params, Hs, B) = (rev params, rev Hs, B); + +fun strip_context A = strip_context_aux ([],[],A); + + +(**** METAHYPS -- tactical for using hypotheses as meta-level assumptions + METAHYPS (fn prems => tac (prems)) i + +converts subgoal i, of the form !!x1...xm. [| A1;...;An] ==> A into a new +proof state A==>A, supplying A1,...,An as meta-level assumptions (in +"prems"). The parameters x1,...,xm become free variables. If the +resulting proof state is [| B1;...;Bk] ==> C (possibly assuming A1,...,An) +then it is lifted back into the original context, yielding k subgoals. + +Replaces unknowns in the context by Frees having the prefix METAHYP_ +New unknowns in [| B1;...;Bk] ==> C are lifted over x1,...,xm. +DOES NOT HANDLE TYPE UNKNOWNS. +****) + +local + open Logic + + (*Left-to-right replacements: ctpairs = [...,(vi,ti),...]. + Instantiates distinct free variables by terms of same type.*) + fun free_instantiate ctpairs = + forall_elim_list (map snd ctpairs) o forall_intr_list (map fst ctpairs); + + fun free_of s ((a,i), T) = + Free(s ^ (case i of 0 => a | _ => a ^ "_" ^ string_of_int i), + T) + + fun mk_inst (var as Var(v,T)) = (var, free_of "METAHYP1_" (v,T)) +in + +fun metahyps_aux_tac tacf (prem,i) = Tactic (fn state => + let val {sign,maxidx,...} = rep_thm state + val cterm = Sign.cterm_of sign + (*find all vars in the hyps -- should find tvars also!*) + val hyps_vars = foldr add_term_vars (strip_assums_hyp prem, []) + val insts = map mk_inst hyps_vars + (*replace the hyps_vars by Frees*) + val prem' = subst_atomic insts prem + val (params,hyps,concl) = strip_context prem' + val fparams = map Free params + val cparams = map cterm fparams + and chyps = map cterm hyps + val hypths = map assume chyps + fun swap_ctpair (t,u) = (cterm u, cterm t) + (*Subgoal variables: make Free; lift type over params*) + fun mk_subgoal_inst concl_vars (var as Var(v,T)) = + if var mem concl_vars + then (var, true, free_of "METAHYP2_" (v,T)) + else (var, false, + free_of "METAHYP2_" (v, map #2 params --->T)) + (*Instantiate subgoal vars by Free applied to params*) + fun mk_ctpair (t,in_concl,u) = + if in_concl then (cterm t, cterm u) + else (cterm t, cterm (list_comb (u,fparams))) + (*Restore Vars with higher type and index*) + fun mk_subgoal_swap_ctpair + (t as Var((a,i),_), in_concl, u as Free(_,U)) = + if in_concl then (cterm u, cterm t) + else (cterm u, cterm(Var((a, i+maxidx), U))) + (*Embed B in the original context of params and hyps*) + fun embed B = list_all_free (params, list_implies (hyps, B)) + (*Strip the context using elimination rules*) + fun elim Bhyp = implies_elim_list (forall_elim_list cparams Bhyp) hypths + (*Embed an ff pair in the original params*) + fun embed_ff(t,u) = + mk_flexpair (list_abs_free (params, t), list_abs_free (params, u)) + (*Remove parameter abstractions from the ff pairs*) + fun elim_ff ff = flexpair_abs_elim_list cparams ff + (*A form of lifting that discharges assumptions.*) + fun relift st = + let val prop = #prop(rep_thm st) + val subgoal_vars = (*Vars introduced in the subgoals*) + foldr add_term_vars (strip_imp_prems prop, []) + and concl_vars = add_term_vars (strip_imp_concl prop, []) + val subgoal_insts = map (mk_subgoal_inst concl_vars) subgoal_vars + val st' = instantiate ([], map mk_ctpair subgoal_insts) st + val emBs = map (cterm o embed) (prems_of st') + and ffs = map (cterm o embed_ff) (tpairs_of st') + val Cth = implies_elim_list st' + (map (elim_ff o assume) ffs @ + map (elim o assume) emBs) + in (*restore the unknowns to the hypotheses*) + free_instantiate (map swap_ctpair insts @ + map mk_subgoal_swap_ctpair subgoal_insts) + (*discharge assumptions from state in same order*) + (implies_intr_list (ffs@emBs) + (forall_intr_list cparams (implies_intr_list chyps Cth))) + end + val subprems = map (forall_elim_vars 0) hypths + and st0 = trivial (cterm concl) + (*function to replace the current subgoal*) + fun next st = bicompose false (false, relift st, nprems_of st) + i state + in Sequence.flats (Sequence.maps next (tapply(tacf subprems, st0))) + end); +end; + +fun METAHYPS tacf = SUBGOAL (metahyps_aux_tac tacf); + +end; +end;