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-\documentclass[11pt]{article}
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-\title{Isabelle: An Overview}
-\author{Lawrence C. Paulson}
-
-\date{October 2003}
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Isabelle~\cite{isa-tutorial} is a generic proof assistant.  It allows mathematical formulas to be expressed in a 
-formal language and provides tools for proving those formulas in a
-logical calculus. The main potential application in industry is
-\emph{formal verification}, which includes proving the 
-correctness of computer hardware or software and proving 
-properties of computer languages and protocols. Among its research
-applications are the formalization of mathematical proofs.
-
-Compared with similar tools, Isabelle's distinguishing feature is its flexibility. Most proof assistants
-are built around a single formal calculus, typically higher-order logic.
-Isabelle has the capacity to
-accept a variety of formal calculi. The distributed version
-supports higher-order logic but also axiomatic set theory and several other
-formalisms. Isabelle provides excellent notational support: 
-new notations can be introduced, using normal mathematical symbols.
-
-The main limitation of all such systems is that proving theorems
-requires much effort
-from an expert user. Isabelle incorporates some tools to improve
-the user's productivity by automating some parts of the proof process.
-In particular, Isabelle's \emph{classical reasoner} can perform long
-chains of reasoning steps to prove formulas. The \emph{simplifier} 
-can prove certain arithmetic facts and can reason about equations.
-
-Isabelle is closely integrated with the 
-\hfootref{http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/users/lcp/papers/protocols.html}{Proof General} user interface, which greatly eases the task of interacting with 
-Isabelle. Proof General is open-source software under the GNU General Public
-License. Using Isabelle without Proof General would be difficult.
-
-Isabelle is distributed with large theories of formalized mathematics, 
-including elementary number theory (for example, Gauss's law of quadratic reciprocity), analysis (basic properties of limits, derivatives and integrals) and algebra (up to Sylow's theorem). Also provided are numerous 
-examples arising from research into formal verification. The total size of
-the distribution (program sources and documentation) is about 5.4MB.
-
-\paragraph*{Sponsorship.}
-Isabelle is a joint project between Cambridge and the Technical University
-of Munich, Germany. Prof.\ Tobias Nipkow leads the German team; other significant contributors at Munich include Dr. Markus Wenzel, Dr. Gerwin Klein and Mr.\ Stefan Berghofer.
-
The development of Isabelle at Cambridge was funded by the following grants:
-\begin{itemize}
\item \emph{Supporting Logics} (6/1986--11/1989). SERC grant GR/E0355.7
\item \emph{Logical Frameworks: Design, Implementation and Experiment} (6/1989--3/1992). ESPRIT Basic Research Action 3245
\item \emph{Types for Proofs and Programs}: ESPRIT Basic Research Action 6453 (9/1992--8/1995) 
-\item \emph{Combining HOL with Isabelle} (9/1992--8/1995). EPSRC grant GR/H40570
\item \emph{Mechanising Temporal Reasoning} (11/1995--4/1999). EPSRC grant reference GR/K57381
\item \emph{Authentication Logics: New Theory and Implementations} (1/1996--6/1999). EPSRC grant GR/K77051
\item \emph{Compositional Proofs of Concurrent Programs} (10/1999--6/2003). EPSRC grant GR/M75440 (RG28587)
\item \emph{Verifying Electronic Commerce Protocols} (10/2000--9/2003). EPSRC grant GR/R 01156/01 (NRAG/002)
%\item \emph{Automation for Interactive Proof} (2/2004--1/2007).
-%EPSRC grant GR/S57198/01 (NRAG/071)
-\end{itemize}
-Lawrence Paulson was the Principal Investigator on all of these grants.
-The Munich side had support from German sponsors.
-
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