# HG changeset patch
# User paulson <lp15@cam.ac.uk>
# Date 1464094654 -3600
# Node ID 24708cf4ba61d12ee7d24ea158299768100ce33c
# Parent  360d9997fac94439630d8a5d5c05b9df0f9f67aa
renamings and new material

diff -r 360d9997fac9 -r 24708cf4ba61 src/HOL/Multivariate_Analysis/Convex_Euclidean_Space.thy
--- a/src/HOL/Multivariate_Analysis/Convex_Euclidean_Space.thy	Tue May 24 13:57:04 2016 +0100
+++ b/src/HOL/Multivariate_Analysis/Convex_Euclidean_Space.thy	Tue May 24 13:57:34 2016 +0100
@@ -11,30 +11,6 @@
   "~~/src/HOL/Library/Set_Algebras"
 begin
 
-lemma independent_injective_on_span_image:
-  assumes iS: "independent S"
-    and lf: "linear f"
-    and fi: "inj_on f (span S)"
-  shows "independent (f ` S)"
-proof -
-  {
-    fix a
-    assume a: "a \<in> S" "f a \<in> span (f ` S - {f a})"
-    have eq: "f ` S - {f a} = f ` (S - {a})"
-      using fi a span_inc by (auto simp add: inj_on_def)
-    from a have "f a \<in> f ` span (S -{a})"
-      unfolding eq span_linear_image [OF lf, of "S - {a}"] by blast
-    moreover have "span (S - {a}) \<subseteq> span S"
-      using span_mono[of "S - {a}" S] by auto
-    ultimately have "a \<in> span (S - {a})"
-      using fi a span_inc by (auto simp add: inj_on_def)
-    with a(1) iS have False
-      by (simp add: dependent_def)
-  }
-  then show ?thesis
-    unfolding dependent_def by blast
-qed
-
 lemma dim_image_eq:
   fixes f :: "'n::euclidean_space \<Rightarrow> 'm::euclidean_space"
   assumes lf: "linear f"
@@ -46,7 +22,7 @@
   then have "span S = span B"
     using span_mono[of B S] span_mono[of S "span B"] span_span[of B] by auto
   then have "independent (f ` B)"
-    using independent_injective_on_span_image[of B f] B assms by auto
+    using independent_inj_on_image[of B f] B assms by auto
   moreover have "card (f ` B) = card B"
     using assms card_image[of f B] subset_inj_on[of f "span S" B] B span_inc by auto
   moreover have "(f ` B) \<subseteq> (f ` S)"
@@ -7503,6 +7479,20 @@
     done
 qed
 
+lemma in_interior_closure_convex_segment:
+  fixes S :: "'a::euclidean_space set"
+  assumes "convex S" and a: "a \<in> interior S" and b: "b \<in> closure S"
+    shows "open_segment a b \<subseteq> interior S"
+proof (clarsimp simp: in_segment)
+  fix u::real
+  assume u: "0 < u" "u < 1"
+  have "(1 - u) *\<^sub>R a + u *\<^sub>R b = b - (1 - u) *\<^sub>R (b - a)"
+    by (simp add: algebra_simps)
+  also have "... \<in> interior S" using mem_interior_closure_convex_shrink [OF assms] u
+    by simp
+  finally show "(1 - u) *\<^sub>R a + u *\<^sub>R b \<in> interior S" .
+qed
+
 
 subsection \<open>Some obvious but surprisingly hard simplex lemmas\<close>
 
@@ -7516,7 +7506,7 @@
   unfolding mem_Collect_eq
   apply (erule_tac[!] exE)
   apply (erule_tac[!] conjE)+
-  unfolding setsum_clauses(2)[OF assms(1)]
+  unfolding setsum_clauses(2)[OF \<open>finite s\<close>]
   apply (rule_tac x=u in exI)
   defer
   apply (rule_tac x="\<lambda>x. if x = 0 then 1 - setsum u s else u x" in exI)
@@ -8705,7 +8695,7 @@
   then show ?thesis by auto
 qed
 
-lemma closure_inter: "closure (\<Inter>I) \<le> \<Inter>{closure S |S. S \<in> I}"
+lemma closure_Int: "closure (\<Inter>I) \<le> \<Inter>{closure S |S. S \<in> I}"
 proof -
   {
     fix y
@@ -8793,7 +8783,7 @@
     using rel_interior_inter_aux closure_mono[of "\<Inter>{rel_interior S |S. S \<in> I}" "\<Inter>I"]
     by auto
   ultimately show ?thesis
-    using closure_inter[of I] by auto
+    using closure_Int[of I] by auto
 qed
 
 lemma convex_inter_rel_interior_same_closure:
@@ -8808,7 +8798,7 @@
     using rel_interior_inter_aux closure_mono[of "\<Inter>{rel_interior S |S. S \<in> I}" "\<Inter>I"]
     by auto
   ultimately show ?thesis
-    using closure_inter[of I] by auto
+    using closure_Int[of I] by auto
 qed
 
 lemma convex_rel_interior_inter:
@@ -8898,7 +8888,7 @@
   shows "rel_interior (S \<inter> T) = rel_interior S \<inter> rel_interior T"
   using convex_rel_interior_finite_inter[of "{S,T}"] assms by auto
 
-lemma convex_affine_closure_inter:
+lemma convex_affine_closure_Int:
   fixes S T :: "'n::euclidean_space set"
   assumes "convex S"
     and "affine T"
@@ -8928,7 +8918,7 @@
   shows "connected_component S a b \<longleftrightarrow> closed_segment a b \<subseteq> S"
 by (simp add: connected_component_1_gen)
 
-lemma convex_affine_rel_interior_inter:
+lemma convex_affine_rel_interior_Int:
   fixes S T :: "'n::euclidean_space set"
   assumes "convex S"
     and "affine T"
@@ -8945,6 +8935,16 @@
     using convex_rel_interior_inter_two[of S T] assms affine_imp_convex by auto
 qed
 
+lemma convex_affine_rel_frontier_Int:
+   fixes S T :: "'n::euclidean_space set"
+  assumes "convex S"
+    and "affine T"
+    and "interior S \<inter> T \<noteq> {}"
+  shows "rel_frontier(S \<inter> T) = frontier S \<inter> T"
+using assms
+apply (simp add: rel_frontier_def convex_affine_closure_Int frontier_def)
+by (metis Diff_Int_distrib2 Int_emptyI convex_affine_closure_Int convex_affine_rel_interior_Int empty_iff interior_rel_interior_gen)
+
 lemma subset_rel_interior_convex:
   fixes S T :: "'n::euclidean_space set"
   assumes "convex S"
@@ -9087,7 +9087,7 @@
     moreover have "affine (range f)"
       by (metis assms(1) subspace_UNIV subspace_imp_affine subspace_linear_image)
     ultimately have "f z \<in> rel_interior S"
-      using convex_affine_rel_interior_inter[of S "range f"] assms by auto
+      using convex_affine_rel_interior_Int[of S "range f"] assms by auto
     then have "z \<in> f -` (rel_interior S)"
       by auto
   }
@@ -9250,7 +9250,7 @@
     moreover have aff: "affine (fst -` {y})"
       unfolding affine_alt by (simp add: algebra_simps)
     ultimately have **: "rel_interior (S \<inter> fst -` {y}) = rel_interior S \<inter> fst -` {y}"
-      using convex_affine_rel_interior_inter[of S "fst -` {y}"] assms by auto
+      using convex_affine_rel_interior_Int[of S "fst -` {y}"] assms by auto
     have conv: "convex (S \<inter> fst -` {y})"
       using convex_Int assms aff affine_imp_convex by auto
     {
diff -r 360d9997fac9 -r 24708cf4ba61 src/HOL/Multivariate_Analysis/Derivative.thy
--- a/src/HOL/Multivariate_Analysis/Derivative.thy	Tue May 24 13:57:04 2016 +0100
+++ b/src/HOL/Multivariate_Analysis/Derivative.thy	Tue May 24 13:57:34 2016 +0100
@@ -2606,7 +2606,7 @@
   assume xc: "x > c"
   let ?A' = "interior A \<inter> {c<..}"
   from c have "c \<in> interior A \<inter> closure {c<..}" by auto
-  also have "\<dots> \<subseteq> closure (interior A \<inter> {c<..})" by (intro open_inter_closure_subset) auto
+  also have "\<dots> \<subseteq> closure (interior A \<inter> {c<..})" by (intro open_Int_closure_subset) auto
   finally have "at c within ?A' \<noteq> bot" by (subst at_within_eq_bot_iff) auto
   moreover from deriv have "((\<lambda>y. (f y - f c) / (y - c)) \<longlongrightarrow> f') (at c within ?A')"
     unfolding DERIV_within_iff using interior_subset[of A] by (blast intro: tendsto_mono at_le)
@@ -2628,7 +2628,7 @@
   assume xc: "x < c"
   let ?A' = "interior A \<inter> {..<c}"
   from c have "c \<in> interior A \<inter> closure {..<c}" by auto
-  also have "\<dots> \<subseteq> closure (interior A \<inter> {..<c})" by (intro open_inter_closure_subset) auto
+  also have "\<dots> \<subseteq> closure (interior A \<inter> {..<c})" by (intro open_Int_closure_subset) auto
   finally have "at c within ?A' \<noteq> bot" by (subst at_within_eq_bot_iff) auto
   moreover from deriv have "((\<lambda>y. (f y - f c) / (y - c)) \<longlongrightarrow> f') (at c within ?A')"
     unfolding DERIV_within_iff using interior_subset[of A] by (blast intro: tendsto_mono at_le)
diff -r 360d9997fac9 -r 24708cf4ba61 src/HOL/Multivariate_Analysis/Topology_Euclidean_Space.thy
--- a/src/HOL/Multivariate_Analysis/Topology_Euclidean_Space.thy	Tue May 24 13:57:04 2016 +0100
+++ b/src/HOL/Multivariate_Analysis/Topology_Euclidean_Space.thy	Tue May 24 13:57:34 2016 +0100
@@ -1853,7 +1853,7 @@
   unfolding closure_interior
   by auto
 
-lemma open_inter_closure_subset:
+lemma open_Int_closure_subset:
   "open S \<Longrightarrow> (S \<inter> (closure T)) \<subseteq> closure(S \<inter> T)"
 proof
   fix x
@@ -2643,6 +2643,29 @@
     by (subst tendsto_norm_zero_iff [symmetric]) (simp add: norm_mult)
 qed
 
+lemma lim_null_scaleR_bounded:
+  assumes f: "(f \<longlongrightarrow> 0) net" and gB: "eventually (\<lambda>a. f a = 0 \<or> norm(g a) \<le> B) net"
+    shows "((\<lambda>n. f n *\<^sub>R g n) \<longlongrightarrow> 0) net"
+proof
+  fix \<epsilon>::real
+  assume "0 < \<epsilon>"
+  then have B: "0 < \<epsilon> / (abs B + 1)" by simp
+  have *: "\<bar>f x\<bar> * norm (g x) < \<epsilon>" if f: "\<bar>f x\<bar> * (\<bar>B\<bar> + 1) < \<epsilon>" and g: "norm (g x) \<le> B" for x
+  proof -
+    have "\<bar>f x\<bar> * norm (g x) \<le> \<bar>f x\<bar> * B"
+      by (simp add: mult_left_mono g)
+    also have "... \<le> \<bar>f x\<bar> * (\<bar>B\<bar> + 1)"
+      by (simp add: mult_left_mono)
+    also have "... < \<epsilon>"
+      by (rule f)
+    finally show ?thesis .
+  qed
+  show "\<forall>\<^sub>F x in net. dist (f x *\<^sub>R g x) 0 < \<epsilon>"
+    apply (rule eventually_mono [OF eventually_conj [OF tendstoD [OF f B] gB] ])
+    apply (auto simp: \<open>0 < \<epsilon>\<close> divide_simps * split: if_split_asm)
+    done
+qed
+
 text\<open>Deducing things about the limit from the elements.\<close>
 
 lemma Lim_in_closed_set:
@@ -3986,7 +4009,7 @@
   with x have "x \<in> closure X - closure (-S)"
     by auto
   also have "\<dots> \<subseteq> closure (X \<inter> S)"
-    using \<open>open S\<close> open_inter_closure_subset[of S X] by (simp add: closed_Compl ac_simps)
+    using \<open>open S\<close> open_Int_closure_subset[of S X] by (simp add: closed_Compl ac_simps)
   finally have "X \<inter> S \<noteq> {}" by auto
   then show False using \<open>X \<inter> A = {}\<close> \<open>S \<subseteq> A\<close> by auto
 next
diff -r 360d9997fac9 -r 24708cf4ba61 src/HOL/Real_Vector_Spaces.thy
--- a/src/HOL/Real_Vector_Spaces.thy	Tue May 24 13:57:04 2016 +0100
+++ b/src/HOL/Real_Vector_Spaces.thy	Tue May 24 13:57:34 2016 +0100
@@ -1754,7 +1754,7 @@
   "(f \<longlongrightarrow> l) F \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>e>0. eventually (\<lambda>x. dist (f x) l < e) F)"
   unfolding nhds_metric filterlim_INF filterlim_principal by auto
 
-lemma (in metric_space) tendstoI: "(\<And>e. 0 < e \<Longrightarrow> eventually (\<lambda>x. dist (f x) l < e) F) \<Longrightarrow> (f \<longlongrightarrow> l) F"
+lemma (in metric_space) tendstoI [intro?]: "(\<And>e. 0 < e \<Longrightarrow> eventually (\<lambda>x. dist (f x) l < e) F) \<Longrightarrow> (f \<longlongrightarrow> l) F"
   by (auto simp: tendsto_iff)
 
 lemma (in metric_space) tendstoD: "(f \<longlongrightarrow> l) F \<Longrightarrow> 0 < e \<Longrightarrow> eventually (\<lambda>x. dist (f x) l < e) F"