# HG changeset patch
# User lcp
# Date 777056774 -7200
# Node ID 9d62c7e0869953c9089c6e8ddb6f51500a26ddfc
# Parent  cd8bec47e1759847b6c8b45d6c63c22cde9f5077
ZF/ex/Equiv.thy,.ML: moved to main directory as EquivClass.thy,.ML

diff -r cd8bec47e175 -r 9d62c7e08699 src/ZF/EquivClass.ML
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/src/ZF/EquivClass.ML	Tue Aug 16 19:06:14 1994 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+(*  Title: 	ZF/EquivClass.ML
+    ID:         $Id$
+    Author: 	Lawrence C Paulson, Cambridge University Computer Laboratory
+    Copyright   1994  University of Cambridge
+
+For EquivClass.thy.  Equivalence relations in Zermelo-Fraenkel Set Theory 
+*)
+
+val RSLIST = curry (op MRS);
+
+open EquivClass;
+
+(*** Suppes, Theorem 70: r is an equiv relation iff converse(r) O r = r ***)
+
+(** first half: equiv(A,r) ==> converse(r) O r = r **)
+
+goalw EquivClass.thy [trans_def,sym_def]
+    "!!r. [| sym(r); trans(r) |] ==> converse(r) O r <= r";
+by (fast_tac (ZF_cs addSEs [converseD,compE]) 1);
+val sym_trans_comp_subset = result();
+
+goalw EquivClass.thy [refl_def]
+    "!!A r. [| refl(A,r); r <= A*A |] ==> r <= converse(r) O r";
+by (fast_tac (ZF_cs addSIs [converseI] addIs [compI]) 1);
+val refl_comp_subset = result();
+
+goalw EquivClass.thy [equiv_def]
+    "!!A r. equiv(A,r) ==> converse(r) O r = r";
+by (rtac equalityI 1);
+by (REPEAT (ares_tac [sym_trans_comp_subset, refl_comp_subset] 1
+     ORELSE etac conjE 1));
+val equiv_comp_eq = result();
+
+(*second half*)
+goalw EquivClass.thy [equiv_def,refl_def,sym_def,trans_def]
+    "!!A r. [| converse(r) O r = r;  domain(r) = A |] ==> equiv(A,r)";
+by (etac equalityE 1);
+by (subgoal_tac "ALL x y. <x,y> : r --> <y,x> : r" 1);
+by (safe_tac ZF_cs);
+by (fast_tac (ZF_cs addSIs [converseI] addIs [compI]) 3);
+by (ALLGOALS (fast_tac 
+	      (ZF_cs addSIs [converseI] addIs [compI] addSEs [compE])));
+by flexflex_tac;
+val comp_equivI = result();
+
+(** Equivalence classes **)
+
+(*Lemma for the next result*)
+goalw EquivClass.thy [trans_def,sym_def]
+    "!!A r. [| sym(r);  trans(r);  <a,b>: r |] ==> r``{a} <= r``{b}";
+by (fast_tac ZF_cs 1);
+val equiv_class_subset = result();
+
+goalw EquivClass.thy [equiv_def]
+    "!!A r. [| equiv(A,r);  <a,b>: r |] ==> r``{a} = r``{b}";
+by (safe_tac (subset_cs addSIs [equalityI, equiv_class_subset]));
+by (rewrite_goals_tac [sym_def]);
+by (fast_tac ZF_cs 1);
+val equiv_class_eq = result();
+
+val prems = goalw EquivClass.thy [equiv_def,refl_def]
+    "[| equiv(A,r);  a: A |] ==> a: r``{a}";
+by (cut_facts_tac prems 1);
+by (fast_tac ZF_cs 1);
+val equiv_class_self = result();
+
+(*Lemma for the next result*)
+goalw EquivClass.thy [equiv_def,refl_def]
+    "!!A r. [| equiv(A,r);  r``{b} <= r``{a};  b: A |] ==> <a,b>: r";
+by (fast_tac ZF_cs 1);
+val subset_equiv_class = result();
+
+val prems = goal EquivClass.thy
+    "[| r``{a} = r``{b};  equiv(A,r);  b: A |] ==> <a,b>: r";
+by (REPEAT (resolve_tac (prems @ [equalityD2, subset_equiv_class]) 1));
+val eq_equiv_class = result();
+
+(*thus r``{a} = r``{b} as well*)
+goalw EquivClass.thy [equiv_def,trans_def,sym_def]
+    "!!A r. [| equiv(A,r);  x: (r``{a} Int r``{b}) |] ==> <a,b>: r";
+by (fast_tac ZF_cs 1);
+val equiv_class_nondisjoint = result();
+
+goalw EquivClass.thy [equiv_def] "!!A r. equiv(A,r) ==> r <= A*A";
+by (safe_tac ZF_cs);
+val equiv_type = result();
+
+goal EquivClass.thy
+    "!!A r. equiv(A,r) ==> <x,y>: r <-> r``{x} = r``{y} & x:A & y:A";
+by (fast_tac (ZF_cs addIs [eq_equiv_class, equiv_class_eq]
+		    addDs [equiv_type]) 1);
+val equiv_class_eq_iff = result();
+
+goal EquivClass.thy
+    "!!A r. [| equiv(A,r);  x: A;  y: A |] ==> r``{x} = r``{y} <-> <x,y>: r";
+by (fast_tac (ZF_cs addIs [eq_equiv_class, equiv_class_eq]
+		    addDs [equiv_type]) 1);
+val eq_equiv_class_iff = result();
+
+(*** Quotients ***)
+
+(** Introduction/elimination rules -- needed? **)
+
+val prems = goalw EquivClass.thy [quotient_def] "x:A ==> r``{x}: A/r";
+by (rtac RepFunI 1);
+by (resolve_tac prems 1);
+val quotientI = result();
+
+val major::prems = goalw EquivClass.thy [quotient_def]
+    "[| X: A/r;  !!x. [| X = r``{x};  x:A |] ==> P |] 	\
+\    ==> P";
+by (rtac (major RS RepFunE) 1);
+by (eresolve_tac prems 1);
+by (assume_tac 1);
+val quotientE = result();
+
+goalw EquivClass.thy [equiv_def,refl_def,quotient_def]
+    "!!A r. equiv(A,r) ==> Union(A/r) = A";
+by (fast_tac eq_cs 1);
+val Union_quotient = result();
+
+goalw EquivClass.thy [quotient_def]
+    "!!A r. [| equiv(A,r);  X: A/r;  Y: A/r |] ==> X=Y | (X Int Y <= 0)";
+by (safe_tac (ZF_cs addSIs [equiv_class_eq]));
+by (assume_tac 1);
+by (rewrite_goals_tac [equiv_def,trans_def,sym_def]);
+by (fast_tac ZF_cs 1);
+val quotient_disj = result();
+
+(**** Defining unary operations upon equivalence classes ****)
+
+(** These proofs really require as local premises
+     equiv(A,r);  congruent(r,b)
+**)
+
+(*Conversion rule*)
+val prems as [equivA,bcong,_] = goal EquivClass.thy
+    "[| equiv(A,r);  congruent(r,b);  a: A |] ==> (UN x:r``{a}. b(x)) = b(a)";
+by (cut_facts_tac prems 1);
+by (rtac ([refl RS UN_cong, UN_constant] MRS trans) 1);
+by (etac equiv_class_self 2);
+by (assume_tac 2);
+by (rewrite_goals_tac [equiv_def,sym_def,congruent_def]);
+by (fast_tac ZF_cs 1);
+val UN_equiv_class = result();
+
+(*Resolve th against the "local" premises*)
+val localize = RSLIST [equivA,bcong];
+
+(*type checking of  UN x:r``{a}. b(x) *)
+val _::_::prems = goalw EquivClass.thy [quotient_def]
+    "[| equiv(A,r);  congruent(r,b);  X: A/r;	\
+\	!!x.  x : A ==> b(x) : B |] 	\
+\    ==> (UN x:X. b(x)) : B";
+by (cut_facts_tac prems 1);
+by (safe_tac ZF_cs);
+by (rtac (localize UN_equiv_class RS ssubst) 1);
+by (REPEAT (ares_tac prems 1));
+val UN_equiv_class_type = result();
+
+(*Sufficient conditions for injectiveness.  Could weaken premises!
+  major premise could be an inclusion; bcong could be !!y. y:A ==> b(y):B
+*)
+val _::_::prems = goalw EquivClass.thy [quotient_def]
+    "[| equiv(A,r);   congruent(r,b);  \
+\       (UN x:X. b(x))=(UN y:Y. b(y));  X: A/r;  Y: A/r;  \
+\       !!x y. [| x:A; y:A; b(x)=b(y) |] ==> <x,y>:r |] 	\
+\    ==> X=Y";
+by (cut_facts_tac prems 1);
+by (safe_tac ZF_cs);
+by (rtac (equivA RS equiv_class_eq) 1);
+by (REPEAT (ares_tac prems 1));
+by (etac box_equals 1);
+by (REPEAT (ares_tac [localize UN_equiv_class] 1));
+val UN_equiv_class_inject = result();
+
+
+(**** Defining binary operations upon equivalence classes ****)
+
+
+goalw EquivClass.thy [congruent_def,congruent2_def,equiv_def,refl_def]
+    "!!A r. [| equiv(A,r);  congruent2(r,b);  a: A |] ==> congruent(r,b(a))";
+by (fast_tac ZF_cs 1);
+val congruent2_implies_congruent = result();
+
+val equivA::prems = goalw EquivClass.thy [congruent_def]
+    "[| equiv(A,r);  congruent2(r,b);  a: A |] ==> \
+\    congruent(r, %x1. UN x2:r``{a}. b(x1,x2))";
+by (cut_facts_tac (equivA::prems) 1);
+by (safe_tac ZF_cs);
+by (rtac (equivA RS equiv_type RS subsetD RS SigmaE2) 1);
+by (assume_tac 1);
+by (asm_simp_tac (ZF_ss addsimps [equivA RS UN_equiv_class,
+				 congruent2_implies_congruent]) 1);
+by (rewrite_goals_tac [congruent2_def,equiv_def,refl_def]);
+by (fast_tac ZF_cs 1);
+val congruent2_implies_congruent_UN = result();
+
+val prems as equivA::_ = goal EquivClass.thy
+    "[| equiv(A,r);  congruent2(r,b);  a1: A;  a2: A |]  \
+\    ==> (UN x1:r``{a1}. UN x2:r``{a2}. b(x1,x2)) = b(a1,a2)";
+by (cut_facts_tac prems 1);
+by (asm_simp_tac (ZF_ss addsimps [equivA RS UN_equiv_class,
+				 congruent2_implies_congruent,
+				 congruent2_implies_congruent_UN]) 1);
+val UN_equiv_class2 = result();
+
+(*type checking*)
+val prems = goalw EquivClass.thy [quotient_def]
+    "[| equiv(A,r);  congruent2(r,b);  \
+\       X1: A/r;  X2: A/r;	\
+\	!!x1 x2.  [| x1: A; x2: A |] ==> b(x1,x2) : B |]    \
+\    ==> (UN x1:X1. UN x2:X2. b(x1,x2)) : B";
+by (cut_facts_tac prems 1);
+by (safe_tac ZF_cs);
+by (REPEAT (ares_tac (prems@[UN_equiv_class_type,
+			     congruent2_implies_congruent_UN,
+			     congruent2_implies_congruent, quotientI]) 1));
+val UN_equiv_class_type2 = result();
+
+
+(*Suggested by John Harrison -- the two subproofs may be MUCH simpler
+  than the direct proof*)
+val prems = goalw EquivClass.thy [congruent2_def,equiv_def,refl_def]
+    "[| equiv(A,r);	\
+\       !! y z w. [| w: A;  <y,z> : r |] ==> b(y,w) = b(z,w);      \
+\       !! y z w. [| w: A;  <y,z> : r |] ==> b(w,y) = b(w,z)       \
+\    |] ==> congruent2(r,b)";
+by (cut_facts_tac prems 1);
+by (safe_tac ZF_cs);
+by (rtac trans 1);
+by (REPEAT (ares_tac prems 1
+     ORELSE etac (subsetD RS SigmaE2) 1 THEN assume_tac 2 THEN assume_tac 1));
+val congruent2I = result();
+
+val [equivA,commute,congt] = goal EquivClass.thy
+    "[| equiv(A,r);	\
+\       !! y z. [| y: A;  z: A |] ==> b(y,z) = b(z,y);        \
+\       !! y z w. [| w: A;  <y,z>: r |] ==> b(w,y) = b(w,z)	\
+\    |] ==> congruent2(r,b)";
+by (resolve_tac [equivA RS congruent2I] 1);
+by (rtac (commute RS trans) 1);
+by (rtac (commute RS trans RS sym) 3);
+by (rtac sym 5);
+by (REPEAT (ares_tac [congt] 1
+     ORELSE etac (equivA RS equiv_type RS subsetD RS SigmaE2) 1));
+val congruent2_commuteI = result();
+
+(***OBSOLETE VERSION
+(*Rules congruentI and congruentD would simplify use of rewriting below*)
+val [equivA,ZinA,congt,commute] = goalw EquivClass.thy [quotient_def]
+    "[| equiv(A,r);  Z: A/r;  \
+\       !!w. [| w: A |] ==> congruent(r, %z.b(w,z));	\
+\       !!x y. [| x: A;  y: A |] ==> b(y,x) = b(x,y)	\
+\    |] ==> congruent(r, %w. UN z: Z. b(w,z))";
+val congt' = rewrite_rule [congruent_def] congt;
+by (cut_facts_tac [ZinA,congt] 1);
+by (rewtac congruent_def);
+by (safe_tac ZF_cs);
+by (rtac (equivA RS equiv_type RS subsetD RS SigmaE2) 1);
+by (assume_tac 1);
+by (asm_simp_tac (ZF_ss addsimps [congt RS (equivA RS UN_equiv_class)]) 1);
+by (rtac (commute RS trans) 1);
+by (rtac (commute RS trans RS sym) 3);
+by (rtac sym 5);
+by (REPEAT (ares_tac [congt' RS spec RS spec RS mp] 1));
+val congruent_commuteI = result();
+***)
diff -r cd8bec47e175 -r 9d62c7e08699 src/ZF/EquivClass.thy
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/src/ZF/EquivClass.thy	Tue Aug 16 19:06:14 1994 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+(*  Title: 	ZF/EquivClass.thy
+    ID:         $Id$
+    Author: 	Lawrence C Paulson, Cambridge University Computer Laboratory
+    Copyright   1994  University of Cambridge
+
+Equivalence relations in Zermelo-Fraenkel Set Theory 
+*)
+
+EquivClass = Rel + Perm + 
+consts
+    "'/"        ::      "[i,i]=>i"  (infixl 90)  (*set of equiv classes*)
+    congruent	::	"[i,i=>i]=>o"
+    congruent2  ::      "[i,[i,i]=>i]=>o"
+
+rules
+    quotient_def  "A/r == {r``{x} . x:A}"
+    congruent_def "congruent(r,b) == ALL y z. <y,z>:r --> b(y)=b(z)"
+
+    congruent2_def
+       "congruent2(r,b) == ALL y1 z1 y2 z2. \
+\           <y1,z1>:r --> <y2,z2>:r --> b(y1,y2) = b(z1,z2)"
+
+end