# HG changeset patch
# User haftmann
# Date 1360759132 -3600
# Node ID 9d7aa2bb097b85ce6eb5abde1733c034d5cdfcf5
# Parent  5e6398b4803037cf10801a6b306e53fdb2ce0942
tuned, particulary name

diff -r 5e6398b48030 -r 9d7aa2bb097b src/HOL/ROOT
--- a/src/HOL/ROOT	Wed Feb 13 13:38:52 2013 +0100
+++ b/src/HOL/ROOT	Wed Feb 13 13:38:52 2013 +0100
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@
     Termination
     Coherent
     PresburgerEx
-    ReflectionEx
+    Reflection_Examples
     Sqrt
     Sqrt_Script
     Transfer_Ex
diff -r 5e6398b48030 -r 9d7aa2bb097b src/HOL/ex/ReflectionEx.thy
--- a/src/HOL/ex/ReflectionEx.thy	Wed Feb 13 13:38:52 2013 +0100
+++ /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,422 +0,0 @@
-(*  Title:      HOL/ex/ReflectionEx.thy
-    Author:     Amine Chaieb, TU Muenchen
-*)
-
-header {* Examples for generic reflection and reification *}
-
-theory ReflectionEx
-imports "~~/src/HOL/Library/Reflection"
-begin
-
-text{* This theory presents two methods: reify and reflection *}
-
-text{* 
-Consider an HOL type 'a, the structure of which is not recongnisable on the theory level. This is the case of bool, arithmetical terms such as int, real etc \dots
-In order to implement a simplification on terms of type 'a we often need its structure.
-Traditionnaly such simplifications are written in ML, proofs are synthesized.
-An other strategy is to declare an HOL-datatype tau and an HOL function (the interpretation) that maps elements of tau to elements of 'a. The functionality of @{text reify} is to compute a term s::tau, which is the representant of t. For this it needs equations for the interpretation.
-
-NB: All the interpretations supported by @{text reify} must have the type @{text "'b list \<Rightarrow> tau \<Rightarrow> 'a"}.
-The method @{text reify} can also be told which subterm of the current subgoal should be reified. The general call for @{text reify} is: @{text "reify eqs (t)"}, where @{text eqs} are the defining equations of the interpretation and @{text "(t)"} is an optional parameter which specifies the subterm to which reification should be applied to. If @{text "(t)"} is abscent, @{text reify} tries to reify the whole subgoal.
-
-The method reflection uses @{text reify} and has a very similar signature: @{text "reflection corr_thm eqs (t)"}. Here again @{text eqs} and @{text "(t)"} are as described above and @{text corr_thm} is a thorem proving @{term "I vs (f t) = I vs t"}. We assume that @{text I} is the interpretation and @{text f} is some useful and executable simplification of type @{text "tau \<Rightarrow> tau"}. The method @{text reflection} applies reification and hence the theorem @{term "t = I xs s"} and hence using @{text corr_thm} derives @{term "t = I xs (f s)"}. It then uses normalization by evaluation to prove @{term "f s = s'"} which almost finishes the proof of @{term "t = t'"} where @{term "I xs s' = t'"}.
-*}
-
-text{* Example 1 : Propositional formulae and NNF.*}
-text{* The type @{text fm} represents simple propositional formulae: *}
-
-datatype form = TrueF | FalseF | Less nat nat |
-                And form form | Or form form | Neg form | ExQ form
-
-fun interp :: "form \<Rightarrow> ('a::ord) list \<Rightarrow> bool" where
-"interp TrueF e = True" |
-"interp FalseF e = False" |
-"interp (Less i j) e = (e!i < e!j)" |
-"interp (And f1 f2) e = (interp f1 e & interp f2 e)" |
-"interp (Or f1 f2) e = (interp f1 e | interp f2 e)" |
-"interp (Neg f) e = (~ interp f e)" |
-"interp (ExQ f) e = (EX x. interp f (x#e))"
-
-lemmas interp_reify_eqs = interp.simps
-declare interp_reify_eqs[reify]
-
-lemma "EX x. x < y & x < z"
-  apply (reify )
-  oops
-
-datatype fm = And fm fm | Or fm fm | Imp fm fm | Iff fm fm | NOT fm | At nat
-
-primrec Ifm :: "fm \<Rightarrow> bool list \<Rightarrow> bool" where
-  "Ifm (At n) vs = vs!n"
-| "Ifm (And p q) vs = (Ifm p vs \<and> Ifm q vs)"
-| "Ifm (Or p q) vs = (Ifm p vs \<or> Ifm q vs)"
-| "Ifm (Imp p q) vs = (Ifm p vs \<longrightarrow> Ifm q vs)"
-| "Ifm (Iff p q) vs = (Ifm p vs = Ifm q vs)"
-| "Ifm (NOT p) vs = (\<not> (Ifm p vs))"
-
-lemma "Q \<longrightarrow> (D & F & ((~ D) & (~ F)))"
-apply (reify Ifm.simps)
-oops
-
-  text{* Method @{text reify} maps a bool to an fm. For this it needs the 
-  semantics of fm, i.e.\ the rewrite rules in @{text Ifm.simps}. *}
-
-
-  (* You can also just pick up a subterm to reify \<dots> *)
-lemma "Q \<longrightarrow> (D & F & ((~ D) & (~ F)))"
-apply (reify Ifm.simps ("((~ D) & (~ F))"))
-oops
-
-  text{* Let's perform NNF. This is a version that tends to generate disjunctions *}
-primrec fmsize :: "fm \<Rightarrow> nat" where
-  "fmsize (At n) = 1"
-| "fmsize (NOT p) = 1 + fmsize p"
-| "fmsize (And p q) = 1 + fmsize p + fmsize q"
-| "fmsize (Or p q) = 1 + fmsize p + fmsize q"
-| "fmsize (Imp p q) = 2 + fmsize p + fmsize q"
-| "fmsize (Iff p q) = 2 + 2* fmsize p + 2* fmsize q"
-
-lemma [measure_function]: "is_measure fmsize" ..
-
-fun nnf :: "fm \<Rightarrow> fm"
-where
-  "nnf (At n) = At n"
-| "nnf (And p q) = And (nnf p) (nnf q)"
-| "nnf (Or p q) = Or (nnf p) (nnf q)"
-| "nnf (Imp p q) = Or (nnf (NOT p)) (nnf q)"
-| "nnf (Iff p q) = Or (And (nnf p) (nnf q)) (And (nnf (NOT p)) (nnf (NOT q)))"
-| "nnf (NOT (And p q)) = Or (nnf (NOT p)) (nnf (NOT q))"
-| "nnf (NOT (Or p q)) = And (nnf (NOT p)) (nnf (NOT q))"
-| "nnf (NOT (Imp p q)) = And (nnf p) (nnf (NOT q))"
-| "nnf (NOT (Iff p q)) = Or (And (nnf p) (nnf (NOT q))) (And (nnf (NOT p)) (nnf q))"
-| "nnf (NOT (NOT p)) = nnf p"
-| "nnf (NOT p) = NOT p"
-
-  text{* The correctness theorem of nnf: it preserves the semantics of fm *}
-lemma nnf[reflection]: "Ifm (nnf p) vs = Ifm p vs"
-  by (induct p rule: nnf.induct) auto
-
-  text{* Now let's perform NNF using our @{term nnf} function defined above. First to the whole subgoal. *}
-lemma "(\<not> (A = B)) \<and> (B \<longrightarrow> (A \<noteq> (B | C \<and> (B \<longrightarrow> A | D)))) \<longrightarrow> A \<or> B \<and> D"
-apply (reflection Ifm.simps)
-oops
-
-  text{* Now we specify on which subterm it should be applied*}
-lemma "(\<not> (A = B)) \<and> (B \<longrightarrow> (A \<noteq> (B | C \<and> (B \<longrightarrow> A | D)))) \<longrightarrow> A \<or> B \<and> D"
-apply (reflection Ifm.simps only: "(B | C \<and> (B \<longrightarrow> A | D))")
-oops
-
-
-  (* Example 2 : Simple arithmetic formulae *)
-
-  text{* The type @{text num} reflects linear expressions over natural number *}
-datatype num = C nat | Add num num | Mul nat num | Var nat | CN nat nat num
-
-text{* This is just technical to make recursive definitions easier. *}
-primrec num_size :: "num \<Rightarrow> nat" 
-where
-  "num_size (C c) = 1"
-| "num_size (Var n) = 1"
-| "num_size (Add a b) = 1 + num_size a + num_size b"
-| "num_size (Mul c a) = 1 + num_size a"
-| "num_size (CN n c a) = 4 + num_size a "
-
-  text{* The semantics of num *}
-primrec Inum:: "num \<Rightarrow> nat list \<Rightarrow> nat"
-where
-  Inum_C  : "Inum (C i) vs = i"
-| Inum_Var: "Inum (Var n) vs = vs!n"
-| Inum_Add: "Inum (Add s t) vs = Inum s vs + Inum t vs "
-| Inum_Mul: "Inum (Mul c t) vs = c * Inum t vs "
-| Inum_CN : "Inum (CN n c t) vs = c*(vs!n) + Inum t vs "
-
-
-  text{* Let's reify some nat expressions \dots *}
-lemma "4 * (2*x + (y::nat)) + f a \<noteq> 0"
-  apply (reify Inum.simps ("4 * (2*x + (y::nat)) + f a"))
-oops
-text{* We're in a bad situation!! x, y and f a have been recongnized as a constants, which is correct but does not correspond to our intuition of the constructor C. It should encapsulate constants, i.e. numbers, i.e. numerals.*}
-
-  text{* So let's leave the @{text "Inum_C"} equation at the end and see what happens \dots*}
-lemma "4 * (2*x + (y::nat)) \<noteq> 0"
-  apply (reify Inum_Var Inum_Add Inum_Mul Inum_CN Inum_C ("4 * (2*x + (y::nat))"))
-oops
-text{* Hmmm let's specialize @{text Inum_C} with numerals.*}
-
-lemma Inum_number: "Inum (C (numeral t)) vs = numeral t" by simp
-lemmas Inum_eqs = Inum_Var Inum_Add Inum_Mul Inum_CN Inum_number
-
-  text{* Second attempt *}
-lemma "1 * (2*x + (y::nat)) \<noteq> 0"
-  apply (reify Inum_eqs ("1 * (2*x + (y::nat))"))
-oops
-  text{* That was fine, so let's try another one \dots *}
-
-lemma "1 * (2* x + (y::nat) + 0 + 1) \<noteq> 0"
-  apply (reify Inum_eqs ("1 * (2*x + (y::nat) + 0 + 1)"))
-oops
-  text{* Oh!! 0 is not a variable \dots\ Oh! 0 is not a @{text "numeral"} \dots\ thing. The same for 1. So let's add those equations too *}
-
-lemma Inum_01: "Inum (C 0) vs = 0" "Inum (C 1) vs = 1" "Inum (C(Suc n)) vs = Suc n"
-  by simp+
-
-lemmas Inum_eqs'= Inum_eqs Inum_01
-
-text{* Third attempt: *}
-
-lemma "1 * (2*x + (y::nat) + 0 + 1) \<noteq> 0"
-  apply (reify Inum_eqs' ("1 * (2*x + (y::nat) + 0 + 1)"))
-oops
-text{* Okay, let's try reflection. Some simplifications on num follow. You can skim until the main theorem @{text linum} *}
-fun lin_add :: "num \<Rightarrow> num \<Rightarrow> num"
-where
-  "lin_add (CN n1 c1 r1) (CN n2 c2 r2) =
-  (if n1=n2 then 
-  (let c = c1 + c2
-  in (if c=0 then lin_add r1 r2 else CN n1 c (lin_add r1 r2)))
-  else if n1 \<le> n2 then (CN n1 c1 (lin_add r1 (CN n2 c2 r2))) 
-  else (CN n2 c2 (lin_add (CN n1 c1 r1) r2)))"
-| "lin_add (CN n1 c1 r1) t = CN n1 c1 (lin_add r1 t)"  
-| "lin_add t (CN n2 c2 r2) = CN n2 c2 (lin_add t r2)" 
-| "lin_add (C b1) (C b2) = C (b1+b2)"
-| "lin_add a b = Add a b"
-lemma lin_add: "Inum (lin_add t s) bs = Inum (Add t s) bs"
-apply (induct t s rule: lin_add.induct, simp_all add: Let_def)
-apply (case_tac "c1+c2 = 0",case_tac "n1 \<le> n2", simp_all)
-by (case_tac "n1 = n2", simp_all add: algebra_simps)
-
-fun lin_mul :: "num \<Rightarrow> nat \<Rightarrow> num"
-where
-  "lin_mul (C j) i = C (i*j)"
-| "lin_mul (CN n c a) i = (if i=0 then (C 0) else CN n (i*c) (lin_mul a i))"
-| "lin_mul t i = (Mul i t)"
-
-lemma lin_mul: "Inum (lin_mul t i) bs = Inum (Mul i t) bs"
-by (induct t i rule: lin_mul.induct, auto simp add: algebra_simps)
-
-lemma [measure_function]: "is_measure num_size" ..
-
-fun linum:: "num \<Rightarrow> num"
-where
-  "linum (C b) = C b"
-| "linum (Var n) = CN n 1 (C 0)"
-| "linum (Add t s) = lin_add (linum t) (linum s)"
-| "linum (Mul c t) = lin_mul (linum t) c"
-| "linum (CN n c t) = lin_add (linum (Mul c (Var n))) (linum t)"
-
-lemma linum[reflection] : "Inum (linum t) bs = Inum t bs"
-by (induct t rule: linum.induct, simp_all add: lin_mul lin_add)
-
-  text{* Now we can use linum to simplify nat terms using reflection *}
-lemma "(Suc (Suc 1)) * (x + (Suc 1)*y) = 3*x + 6*y"
- apply (reflection Inum_eqs' only: "(Suc (Suc 1)) * (x + (Suc 1)*y)") 
-oops
-
-  text{* Let's lift this to formulae and see what happens *}
-
-datatype aform = Lt num num  | Eq num num | Ge num num | NEq num num | 
-  Conj aform aform | Disj aform aform | NEG aform | T | F
-
-primrec linaformsize:: "aform \<Rightarrow> nat"
-where
-  "linaformsize T = 1"
-| "linaformsize F = 1"
-| "linaformsize (Lt a b) = 1"
-| "linaformsize (Ge a b) = 1"
-| "linaformsize (Eq a b) = 1"
-| "linaformsize (NEq a b) = 1"
-| "linaformsize (NEG p) = 2 + linaformsize p"
-| "linaformsize (Conj p q) = 1 + linaformsize p + linaformsize q"
-| "linaformsize (Disj p q) = 1 + linaformsize p + linaformsize q"
-
-lemma [measure_function]: "is_measure linaformsize" ..
-
-primrec is_aform :: "aform => nat list => bool"
-where
-  "is_aform T vs = True"
-| "is_aform F vs = False"
-| "is_aform (Lt a b) vs = (Inum a vs < Inum b vs)"
-| "is_aform (Eq a b) vs = (Inum a vs = Inum b vs)"
-| "is_aform (Ge a b) vs = (Inum a vs \<ge> Inum b vs)"
-| "is_aform (NEq a b) vs = (Inum a vs \<noteq> Inum b vs)"
-| "is_aform (NEG p) vs = (\<not> (is_aform p vs))"
-| "is_aform (Conj p q) vs = (is_aform p vs \<and> is_aform q vs)"
-| "is_aform (Disj p q) vs = (is_aform p vs \<or> is_aform q vs)"
-
-  text{* Let's reify and do reflection *}
-lemma "(3::nat)*x + t < 0 \<and> (2 * x + y \<noteq> 17)"
- apply (reify Inum_eqs' is_aform.simps) 
-oops
-
-text{* Note that reification handles several interpretations at the same time*}
-lemma "(3::nat)*x + t < 0 & x*x + t*x + 3 + 1 = z*t*4*z | x + x + 1 < 0"
- apply (reflection Inum_eqs' is_aform.simps only:"x + x + 1") 
-oops
-
-  text{* For reflection we now define a simple transformation on aform: NNF + linum on atoms *}
-
-fun linaform:: "aform \<Rightarrow> aform"
-where
-  "linaform (Lt s t) = Lt (linum s) (linum t)"
-| "linaform (Eq s t) = Eq (linum s) (linum t)"
-| "linaform (Ge s t) = Ge (linum s) (linum t)"
-| "linaform (NEq s t) = NEq (linum s) (linum t)"
-| "linaform (Conj p q) = Conj (linaform p) (linaform q)"
-| "linaform (Disj p q) = Disj (linaform p) (linaform q)"
-| "linaform (NEG T) = F"
-| "linaform (NEG F) = T"
-| "linaform (NEG (Lt a b)) = Ge a b"
-| "linaform (NEG (Ge a b)) = Lt a b"
-| "linaform (NEG (Eq a b)) = NEq a b"
-| "linaform (NEG (NEq a b)) = Eq a b"
-| "linaform (NEG (NEG p)) = linaform p"
-| "linaform (NEG (Conj p q)) = Disj (linaform (NEG p)) (linaform (NEG q))"
-| "linaform (NEG (Disj p q)) = Conj (linaform (NEG p)) (linaform (NEG q))"
-| "linaform p = p"
-
-lemma linaform: "is_aform (linaform p) vs = is_aform p vs"
-  by (induct p rule: linaform.induct) (auto simp add: linum)
-
-lemma "(((Suc(Suc (Suc 0)))*((x::nat) + (Suc (Suc 0)))) + (Suc (Suc (Suc 0))) * ((Suc(Suc (Suc 0)))*((x::nat) + (Suc (Suc 0))))< 0) \<and> (Suc 0  + Suc 0< 0)"
-   apply (reflection Inum_eqs' is_aform.simps rules: linaform)  
-oops
-
-declare linaform[reflection]
-lemma "(((Suc(Suc (Suc 0)))*((x::nat) + (Suc (Suc 0)))) + (Suc (Suc (Suc 0))) * ((Suc(Suc (Suc 0)))*((x::nat) + (Suc (Suc 0))))< 0) \<and> (Suc 0  + Suc 0< 0)"
-   apply (reflection Inum_eqs' is_aform.simps)
-oops
-
-text{* We now give an example where Interpretaions have 0 or more than only one envornement of different types and show that automatic reification also deals with binding *}
-datatype rb = BC bool| BAnd rb rb | BOr rb rb
-primrec Irb :: "rb \<Rightarrow> bool"
-where
-  "Irb (BC p) = p"
-| "Irb (BAnd s t) = (Irb s \<and> Irb t)"
-| "Irb (BOr s t) = (Irb s \<or> Irb t)"
-
-lemma "A \<and> (B \<or> D \<and> B) \<and> A \<and> (B \<or> D \<and> B) \<or> A \<and> (B \<or> D \<and> B) \<or> A \<and> (B \<or> D \<and> B)"
-apply (reify Irb.simps)
-oops
-
-
-datatype rint = IC int| IVar nat | IAdd rint rint | IMult rint rint | INeg rint | ISub rint rint
-primrec Irint :: "rint \<Rightarrow> int list \<Rightarrow> int"
-where
-  Irint_Var: "Irint (IVar n) vs = vs!n"
-| Irint_Neg: "Irint (INeg t) vs = - Irint t vs"
-| Irint_Add: "Irint (IAdd s t) vs = Irint s vs + Irint t vs"
-| Irint_Sub: "Irint (ISub s t) vs = Irint s vs - Irint t vs"
-| Irint_Mult: "Irint (IMult s t) vs = Irint s vs * Irint t vs"
-| Irint_C: "Irint (IC i) vs = i"
-lemma Irint_C0: "Irint (IC 0) vs = 0"
-  by simp
-lemma Irint_C1: "Irint (IC 1) vs = 1"
-  by simp
-lemma Irint_Cnumeral: "Irint (IC (numeral x)) vs = numeral x"
-  by simp
-lemmas Irint_simps = Irint_Var Irint_Neg Irint_Add Irint_Sub Irint_Mult Irint_C0 Irint_C1 Irint_Cnumeral
-lemma "(3::int) * x + y*y - 9 + (- z) = 0"
-  apply (reify Irint_simps ("(3::int) * x + y*y - 9 + (- z)"))
-  oops
-datatype rlist = LVar nat| LEmpty| LCons rint rlist | LAppend rlist rlist
-primrec Irlist :: "rlist \<Rightarrow> int list \<Rightarrow> (int list) list \<Rightarrow> (int list)"
-where
-  "Irlist (LEmpty) is vs = []"
-| "Irlist (LVar n) is vs = vs!n"
-| "Irlist (LCons i t) is vs = ((Irint i is)#(Irlist t is vs))"
-| "Irlist (LAppend s t) is vs = (Irlist s is vs) @ (Irlist t is vs)"
-lemma "[(1::int)] = []"
-  apply (reify Irlist.simps Irint_simps ("[1]:: int list"))
-  oops
-
-lemma "([(3::int) * x + y*y - 9 + (- z)] @ []) @ xs = [y*y - z - 9 + (3::int) * x]"
-  apply (reify Irlist.simps Irint_simps ("([(3::int) * x + y*y - 9 + (- z)] @ []) @ xs"))
-  oops
-
-datatype rnat = NC nat| NVar nat| NSuc rnat | NAdd rnat rnat | NMult rnat rnat | NNeg rnat | NSub rnat rnat | Nlgth rlist
-primrec Irnat :: "rnat \<Rightarrow> int list \<Rightarrow> (int list) list \<Rightarrow> nat list \<Rightarrow> nat"
-where
-  Irnat_Suc: "Irnat (NSuc t) is ls vs = Suc (Irnat t is ls vs)"
-| Irnat_Var: "Irnat (NVar n) is ls vs = vs!n"
-| Irnat_Neg: "Irnat (NNeg t) is ls vs = 0"
-| Irnat_Add: "Irnat (NAdd s t) is ls vs = Irnat s is ls vs + Irnat t is ls vs"
-| Irnat_Sub: "Irnat (NSub s t) is ls vs = Irnat s is ls vs - Irnat t is ls vs"
-| Irnat_Mult: "Irnat (NMult s t) is ls vs = Irnat s is ls vs * Irnat t is ls vs"
-| Irnat_lgth: "Irnat (Nlgth rxs) is ls vs = length (Irlist rxs is ls)"
-| Irnat_C: "Irnat (NC i) is ls vs = i"
-lemma Irnat_C0: "Irnat (NC 0) is ls vs = 0"
-by simp
-lemma Irnat_C1: "Irnat (NC 1) is ls vs = 1"
-by simp
-lemma Irnat_Cnumeral: "Irnat (NC (numeral x)) is ls vs = numeral x"
-by simp
-lemmas Irnat_simps = Irnat_Suc Irnat_Var Irnat_Neg Irnat_Add Irnat_Sub Irnat_Mult Irnat_lgth
-  Irnat_C0 Irnat_C1 Irnat_Cnumeral
-lemma "(Suc n) * length (([(3::int) * x + y*y - 9 + (- z)] @ []) @ xs) = length xs"
-  apply (reify Irnat_simps Irlist.simps Irint_simps ("(Suc n) *length (([(3::int) * x + y*y - 9 + (- z)] @ []) @ xs)"))
-  oops
-datatype rifm = RT | RF | RVar nat
-  | RNLT rnat rnat | RNILT rnat rint | RNEQ rnat rnat
-  |RAnd rifm rifm | ROr rifm rifm | RImp rifm rifm| RIff rifm rifm
-  | RNEX rifm | RIEX rifm| RLEX rifm | RNALL rifm | RIALL rifm| RLALL rifm
-  | RBEX rifm | RBALL rifm
-
-primrec Irifm :: "rifm \<Rightarrow> bool list \<Rightarrow> int list \<Rightarrow> (int list) list \<Rightarrow> nat list \<Rightarrow> bool"
-where
-  "Irifm RT ps is ls ns = True"
-| "Irifm RF ps is ls ns = False"
-| "Irifm (RVar n) ps is ls ns = ps!n"
-| "Irifm (RNLT s t) ps is ls ns = (Irnat s is ls ns < Irnat t is ls ns)"
-| "Irifm (RNILT s t) ps is ls ns = (int (Irnat s is ls ns) < Irint t is)"
-| "Irifm (RNEQ s t) ps is ls ns = (Irnat s is ls ns = Irnat t is ls ns)"
-| "Irifm (RAnd p q) ps is ls ns = (Irifm p ps is ls ns \<and> Irifm q ps is ls ns)"
-| "Irifm (ROr p q) ps is ls ns = (Irifm p ps is ls ns \<or> Irifm q ps is ls ns)"
-| "Irifm (RImp p q) ps is ls ns = (Irifm p ps is ls ns \<longrightarrow> Irifm q ps is ls ns)"
-| "Irifm (RIff p q) ps is ls ns = (Irifm p ps is ls ns = Irifm q ps is ls ns)"
-| "Irifm (RNEX p) ps is ls ns =  (\<exists>x. Irifm p ps is ls (x#ns))"
-| "Irifm (RIEX p) ps is ls ns =  (\<exists>x. Irifm p ps (x#is) ls ns)"
-| "Irifm (RLEX p) ps is ls ns =  (\<exists>x. Irifm p ps is (x#ls) ns)"
-| "Irifm (RBEX p) ps is ls ns =  (\<exists>x. Irifm p (x#ps) is ls ns)"
-| "Irifm (RNALL p) ps is ls ns = (\<forall>x. Irifm p ps is ls (x#ns))"
-| "Irifm (RIALL p) ps is ls ns = (\<forall>x. Irifm p ps (x#is) ls ns)"
-| "Irifm (RLALL p) ps is ls ns = (\<forall>x. Irifm p ps is (x#ls) ns)"
-| "Irifm (RBALL p) ps is ls ns = (\<forall>x. Irifm p (x#ps) is ls ns)"
-
-lemma " \<forall>x. \<exists>n. ((Suc n) * length (([(3::int) * x + (f t)*y - 9 + (- z)] @ []) @ xs) = length xs) \<and> m < 5*n - length (xs @ [2,3,4,x*z + 8 - y]) \<longrightarrow> (\<exists>p. \<forall>q. p \<and> q \<longrightarrow> r)"
-  apply (reify Irifm.simps Irnat_simps Irlist.simps Irint_simps)
-oops
-
-
-(* An example for equations containing type variables *)
-datatype prod = Zero | One | Var nat | Mul prod prod 
-  | Pw prod nat | PNM nat nat prod
-primrec Iprod :: " prod \<Rightarrow> ('a::{linordered_idom}) list \<Rightarrow>'a" 
-where
-  "Iprod Zero vs = 0"
-| "Iprod One vs = 1"
-| "Iprod (Var n) vs = vs!n"
-| "Iprod (Mul a b) vs = (Iprod a vs * Iprod b vs)"
-| "Iprod (Pw a n) vs = ((Iprod a vs) ^ n)"
-| "Iprod (PNM n k t) vs = (vs ! n)^k * Iprod t vs"
-
-datatype sgn = Pos prod | Neg prod | ZeroEq prod | NZeroEq prod | Tr | F 
-  | Or sgn sgn | And sgn sgn
-
-primrec Isgn :: " sgn \<Rightarrow> ('a::{linordered_idom}) list \<Rightarrow>bool"
-where 
-  "Isgn Tr vs = True"
-| "Isgn F vs = False"
-| "Isgn (ZeroEq t) vs = (Iprod t vs = 0)"
-| "Isgn (NZeroEq t) vs = (Iprod t vs \<noteq> 0)"
-| "Isgn (Pos t) vs = (Iprod t vs > 0)"
-| "Isgn (Neg t) vs = (Iprod t vs < 0)"
-| "Isgn (And p q) vs = (Isgn p vs \<and> Isgn q vs)"
-| "Isgn (Or p q) vs = (Isgn p vs \<or> Isgn q vs)"
-
-lemmas eqs = Isgn.simps Iprod.simps
-
-lemma "(x::'a::{linordered_idom})^4 * y * z * y^2 * z^23 > 0"
-  apply (reify eqs)
-  oops
-
-end
diff -r 5e6398b48030 -r 9d7aa2bb097b src/HOL/ex/Reflection_Examples.thy
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/src/HOL/ex/Reflection_Examples.thy	Wed Feb 13 13:38:52 2013 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,488 @@
+(*  Title:      HOL/ex/Reflection_Ex.thy
+    Author:     Amine Chaieb, TU Muenchen
+*)
+
+header {* Examples for generic reflection and reification *}
+
+theory Reflection_Examples
+imports Complex_Main "~~/src/HOL/Library/Reflection"
+begin
+
+text {* This theory presents two methods: reify and reflection *}
+
+text {* 
+Consider an HOL type @{text \<sigma>}, the structure of which is not recongnisable
+on the theory level.  This is the case of @{typ bool}, arithmetical terms such as @{typ int},
+@{typ real} etc \dots  In order to implement a simplification on terms of type @{text \<sigma>} we
+often need its structure.  Traditionnaly such simplifications are written in ML,
+proofs are synthesized.
+
+An other strategy is to declare an HOL-datatype @{text \<tau>} and an HOL function (the
+interpretation) that maps elements of @{text \<tau>} to elements of @{text \<sigma>}.
+
+The functionality of @{text reify} then is, given a term @{text t} of type @{text \<sigma>},
+to compute a term @{text s} of type @{text \<tau>}.  For this it needs equations for the
+interpretation.
+
+N.B: All the interpretations supported by @{text reify} must have the type
+@{text "'a list \<Rightarrow> \<tau> \<Rightarrow> \<sigma>"}.  The method @{text reify} can also be told which subterm
+of the current subgoal should be reified.  The general call for @{text reify} is
+@{text "reify eqs (t)"}, where @{text eqs} are the defining equations of the interpretation
+and @{text "(t)"} is an optional parameter which specifies the subterm to which reification
+should be applied to.  If @{text "(t)"} is abscent, @{text reify} tries to reify the whole
+subgoal.
+
+The method @{text reflection} uses @{text reify} and has a very similar signature:
+@{text "reflection corr_thm eqs (t)"}.  Here again @{text eqs} and @{text "(t)"}
+are as described above and @{text corr_thm} is a theorem proving
+@{prop "I vs (f t) = I vs t"}.  We assume that @{text I} is the interpretation
+and @{text f} is some useful and executable simplification of type @{text "\<tau> \<Rightarrow> \<tau>"}.
+The method @{text reflection} applies reification and hence the theorem @{prop "t = I xs s"}
+and hence using @{text corr_thm} derives @{prop "t = I xs (f s)"}.  It then uses
+normalization by equational rewriting to prove @{prop "f s = s'"} which almost finishes
+the proof of @{prop "t = t'"} where @{prop "I xs s' = t'"}.
+*}
+
+text {* Example 1 : Propositional formulae and NNF. *}
+text {* The type @{text fm} represents simple propositional formulae: *}
+
+datatype form = TrueF | FalseF | Less nat nat
+  | And form form | Or form form | Neg form | ExQ form
+
+primrec interp :: "form \<Rightarrow> ('a::ord) list \<Rightarrow> bool"
+where
+  "interp TrueF vs \<longleftrightarrow> True"
+| "interp FalseF vs \<longleftrightarrow> False"
+| "interp (Less i j) vs \<longleftrightarrow> vs ! i < vs ! j"
+| "interp (And f1 f2) vs \<longleftrightarrow> interp f1 vs \<and> interp f2 vs"
+| "interp (Or f1 f2) vs \<longleftrightarrow> interp f1 vs \<or> interp f2 vs"
+| "interp (Neg f) vs \<longleftrightarrow> \<not> interp f vs"
+| "interp (ExQ f) vs \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>v. interp f (v # vs))"
+
+lemmas interp_reify_eqs = interp.simps
+declare interp_reify_eqs [reify]
+
+lemma "\<exists>x. x < y \<and> x < z"
+  apply reify
+  oops
+
+datatype fm = And fm fm | Or fm fm | Imp fm fm | Iff fm fm | NOT fm | At nat
+
+primrec Ifm :: "fm \<Rightarrow> bool list \<Rightarrow> bool"
+where
+  "Ifm (At n) vs \<longleftrightarrow> vs ! n"
+| "Ifm (And p q) vs \<longleftrightarrow> Ifm p vs \<and> Ifm q vs"
+| "Ifm (Or p q) vs \<longleftrightarrow> Ifm p vs \<or> Ifm q vs"
+| "Ifm (Imp p q) vs \<longleftrightarrow> Ifm p vs \<longrightarrow> Ifm q vs"
+| "Ifm (Iff p q) vs \<longleftrightarrow> Ifm p vs = Ifm q vs"
+| "Ifm (NOT p) vs \<longleftrightarrow> \<not> Ifm p vs"
+
+lemma "Q \<longrightarrow> (D \<and> F \<and> ((\<not> D) \<and> (\<not> F)))"
+  apply (reify Ifm.simps)
+oops
+
+text {* Method @{text reify} maps a @{typ bool} to an @{typ fm}.  For this it needs the 
+semantics of @{text fm}, i.e.\ the rewrite rules in @{text Ifm.simps}. *}
+
+text {* You can also just pick up a subterm to reify. *}
+lemma "Q \<longrightarrow> (D \<and> F \<and> ((\<not> D) \<and> (\<not> F)))"
+  apply (reify Ifm.simps ("((\<not> D) \<and> (\<not> F))"))
+oops
+
+text {* Let's perform NNF. This is a version that tends to generate disjunctions *}
+primrec fmsize :: "fm \<Rightarrow> nat"
+where
+  "fmsize (At n) = 1"
+| "fmsize (NOT p) = 1 + fmsize p"
+| "fmsize (And p q) = 1 + fmsize p + fmsize q"
+| "fmsize (Or p q) = 1 + fmsize p + fmsize q"
+| "fmsize (Imp p q) = 2 + fmsize p + fmsize q"
+| "fmsize (Iff p q) = 2 + 2* fmsize p + 2* fmsize q"
+
+lemma [measure_function]: "is_measure fmsize" ..
+
+fun nnf :: "fm \<Rightarrow> fm"
+where
+  "nnf (At n) = At n"
+| "nnf (And p q) = And (nnf p) (nnf q)"
+| "nnf (Or p q) = Or (nnf p) (nnf q)"
+| "nnf (Imp p q) = Or (nnf (NOT p)) (nnf q)"
+| "nnf (Iff p q) = Or (And (nnf p) (nnf q)) (And (nnf (NOT p)) (nnf (NOT q)))"
+| "nnf (NOT (And p q)) = Or (nnf (NOT p)) (nnf (NOT q))"
+| "nnf (NOT (Or p q)) = And (nnf (NOT p)) (nnf (NOT q))"
+| "nnf (NOT (Imp p q)) = And (nnf p) (nnf (NOT q))"
+| "nnf (NOT (Iff p q)) = Or (And (nnf p) (nnf (NOT q))) (And (nnf (NOT p)) (nnf q))"
+| "nnf (NOT (NOT p)) = nnf p"
+| "nnf (NOT p) = NOT p"
+
+text {* The correctness theorem of @{const nnf}: it preserves the semantics of @{typ fm} *}
+lemma nnf [reflection]:
+  "Ifm (nnf p) vs = Ifm p vs"
+  by (induct p rule: nnf.induct) auto
+
+text {* Now let's perform NNF using our @{const nnf} function defined above.  First to the
+  whole subgoal. *}
+lemma "A \<noteq> B \<and> (B \<longrightarrow> A \<noteq> (B \<or> C \<and> (B \<longrightarrow> A \<or> D))) \<longrightarrow> A \<or> B \<and> D"
+  apply (reflection Ifm.simps)
+oops
+
+text {* Now we specify on which subterm it should be applied *}
+lemma "A \<noteq> B \<and> (B \<longrightarrow> A \<noteq> (B \<or> C \<and> (B \<longrightarrow> A \<or> D))) \<longrightarrow> A \<or> B \<and> D"
+  apply (reflection Ifm.simps only: "B \<or> C \<and> (B \<longrightarrow> A \<or> D)")
+  apply code_simp
+oops
+
+
+text {* Example 2: Simple arithmetic formulae *}
+
+text {* The type @{text num} reflects linear expressions over natural number *}
+datatype num = C nat | Add num num | Mul nat num | Var nat | CN nat nat num
+
+text {* This is just technical to make recursive definitions easier. *}
+primrec num_size :: "num \<Rightarrow> nat" 
+where
+  "num_size (C c) = 1"
+| "num_size (Var n) = 1"
+| "num_size (Add a b) = 1 + num_size a + num_size b"
+| "num_size (Mul c a) = 1 + num_size a"
+| "num_size (CN n c a) = 4 + num_size a "
+
+lemma [measure_function]: "is_measure num_size" ..
+
+text {* The semantics of num *}
+primrec Inum:: "num \<Rightarrow> nat list \<Rightarrow> nat"
+where
+  Inum_C  : "Inum (C i) vs = i"
+| Inum_Var: "Inum (Var n) vs = vs!n"
+| Inum_Add: "Inum (Add s t) vs = Inum s vs + Inum t vs "
+| Inum_Mul: "Inum (Mul c t) vs = c * Inum t vs "
+| Inum_CN : "Inum (CN n c t) vs = c*(vs!n) + Inum t vs "
+
+text {* Let's reify some nat expressions \dots *}
+lemma "4 * (2 * x + (y::nat)) + f a \<noteq> 0"
+  apply (reify Inum.simps ("4 * (2 * x + (y::nat)) + f a"))
+oops
+text {* We're in a bad situation! @{text x}, @{text y} and @{text f} have been recongnized
+as constants, which is correct but does not correspond to our intuition of the constructor C.
+It should encapsulate constants, i.e. numbers, i.e. numerals. *}
+
+text {* So let's leave the @{text "Inum_C"} equation at the end and see what happens \dots*}
+lemma "4 * (2 * x + (y::nat)) \<noteq> 0"
+  apply (reify Inum_Var Inum_Add Inum_Mul Inum_CN Inum_C ("4 * (2 * x + (y::nat))"))
+oops
+text {* Hm, let's specialize @{text Inum_C} with numerals.*}
+
+lemma Inum_number: "Inum (C (numeral t)) vs = numeral t" by simp
+lemmas Inum_eqs = Inum_Var Inum_Add Inum_Mul Inum_CN Inum_number
+
+text {* Second attempt *}
+lemma "1 * (2 * x + (y::nat)) \<noteq> 0"
+  apply (reify Inum_eqs ("1 * (2 * x + (y::nat))"))
+oops
+
+text{* That was fine, so let's try another one \dots *}
+
+lemma "1 * (2 * x + (y::nat) + 0 + 1) \<noteq> 0"
+  apply (reify Inum_eqs ("1 * (2 * x + (y::nat) + 0 + 1)"))
+oops
+
+text {* Oh!! 0 is not a variable \dots\ Oh! 0 is not a @{text "numeral"} \dots\ thing.
+The same for 1. So let's add those equations, too. *}
+
+lemma Inum_01: "Inum (C 0) vs = 0" "Inum (C 1) vs = 1" "Inum (C(Suc n)) vs = Suc n"
+  by simp_all
+
+lemmas Inum_eqs'= Inum_eqs Inum_01
+
+text{* Third attempt: *}
+
+lemma "1 * (2 * x + (y::nat) + 0 + 1) \<noteq> 0"
+  apply (reify Inum_eqs' ("1 * (2 * x + (y::nat) + 0 + 1)"))
+oops
+
+text {* Okay, let's try reflection. Some simplifications on @{typ num} follow. You can
+  skim until the main theorem @{text linum}. *}
+  
+fun lin_add :: "num \<Rightarrow> num \<Rightarrow> num"
+where
+  "lin_add (CN n1 c1 r1) (CN n2 c2 r2) =
+    (if n1 = n2 then 
+      (let c = c1 + c2
+       in (if c = 0 then lin_add r1 r2 else CN n1 c (lin_add r1 r2)))
+     else if n1 \<le> n2 then (CN n1 c1 (lin_add r1 (CN n2 c2 r2))) 
+     else (CN n2 c2 (lin_add (CN n1 c1 r1) r2)))"
+| "lin_add (CN n1 c1 r1) t = CN n1 c1 (lin_add r1 t)"  
+| "lin_add t (CN n2 c2 r2) = CN n2 c2 (lin_add t r2)" 
+| "lin_add (C b1) (C b2) = C (b1 + b2)"
+| "lin_add a b = Add a b"
+
+lemma lin_add:
+  "Inum (lin_add t s) bs = Inum (Add t s) bs"
+  apply (induct t s rule: lin_add.induct, simp_all add: Let_def)
+  apply (case_tac "c1+c2 = 0",case_tac "n1 \<le> n2", simp_all)
+  apply (case_tac "n1 = n2", simp_all add: algebra_simps)
+  done
+
+fun lin_mul :: "num \<Rightarrow> nat \<Rightarrow> num"
+where
+  "lin_mul (C j) i = C (i * j)"
+| "lin_mul (CN n c a) i = (if i=0 then (C 0) else CN n (i * c) (lin_mul a i))"
+| "lin_mul t i = (Mul i t)"
+
+lemma lin_mul:
+  "Inum (lin_mul t i) bs = Inum (Mul i t) bs"
+  by (induct t i rule: lin_mul.induct) (auto simp add: algebra_simps)
+
+fun linum:: "num \<Rightarrow> num"
+where
+  "linum (C b) = C b"
+| "linum (Var n) = CN n 1 (C 0)"
+| "linum (Add t s) = lin_add (linum t) (linum s)"
+| "linum (Mul c t) = lin_mul (linum t) c"
+| "linum (CN n c t) = lin_add (linum (Mul c (Var n))) (linum t)"
+
+lemma linum [reflection]:
+  "Inum (linum t) bs = Inum t bs"
+  by (induct t rule: linum.induct) (simp_all add: lin_mul lin_add)
+
+text {* Now we can use linum to simplify nat terms using reflection *}
+
+lemma "Suc (Suc 1) * (x + Suc 1 * y) = 3 * x + 6 * y"
+  apply (reflection Inum_eqs' only: "Suc (Suc 1) * (x + Suc 1 * y)")
+oops
+
+text {* Let's lift this to formulae and see what happens *}
+
+datatype aform = Lt num num  | Eq num num | Ge num num | NEq num num | 
+  Conj aform aform | Disj aform aform | NEG aform | T | F
+
+primrec linaformsize:: "aform \<Rightarrow> nat"
+where
+  "linaformsize T = 1"
+| "linaformsize F = 1"
+| "linaformsize (Lt a b) = 1"
+| "linaformsize (Ge a b) = 1"
+| "linaformsize (Eq a b) = 1"
+| "linaformsize (NEq a b) = 1"
+| "linaformsize (NEG p) = 2 + linaformsize p"
+| "linaformsize (Conj p q) = 1 + linaformsize p + linaformsize q"
+| "linaformsize (Disj p q) = 1 + linaformsize p + linaformsize q"
+
+lemma [measure_function]: "is_measure linaformsize" ..
+
+primrec is_aform :: "aform => nat list => bool"
+where
+  "is_aform T vs = True"
+| "is_aform F vs = False"
+| "is_aform (Lt a b) vs = (Inum a vs < Inum b vs)"
+| "is_aform (Eq a b) vs = (Inum a vs = Inum b vs)"
+| "is_aform (Ge a b) vs = (Inum a vs \<ge> Inum b vs)"
+| "is_aform (NEq a b) vs = (Inum a vs \<noteq> Inum b vs)"
+| "is_aform (NEG p) vs = (\<not> (is_aform p vs))"
+| "is_aform (Conj p q) vs = (is_aform p vs \<and> is_aform q vs)"
+| "is_aform (Disj p q) vs = (is_aform p vs \<or> is_aform q vs)"
+
+text{* Let's reify and do reflection *}
+lemma "(3::nat) * x + t < 0 \<and> (2 * x + y \<noteq> 17)"
+  apply (reify Inum_eqs' is_aform.simps) 
+oops
+
+text {* Note that reification handles several interpretations at the same time*}
+lemma "(3::nat) * x + t < 0 \<and> x * x + t * x + 3 + 1 = z * t * 4 * z \<or> x + x + 1 < 0"
+  apply (reflection Inum_eqs' is_aform.simps only: "x + x + 1") 
+oops
+
+text {* For reflection we now define a simple transformation on aform: NNF + linum on atoms *}
+
+fun linaform:: "aform \<Rightarrow> aform"
+where
+  "linaform (Lt s t) = Lt (linum s) (linum t)"
+| "linaform (Eq s t) = Eq (linum s) (linum t)"
+| "linaform (Ge s t) = Ge (linum s) (linum t)"
+| "linaform (NEq s t) = NEq (linum s) (linum t)"
+| "linaform (Conj p q) = Conj (linaform p) (linaform q)"
+| "linaform (Disj p q) = Disj (linaform p) (linaform q)"
+| "linaform (NEG T) = F"
+| "linaform (NEG F) = T"
+| "linaform (NEG (Lt a b)) = Ge a b"
+| "linaform (NEG (Ge a b)) = Lt a b"
+| "linaform (NEG (Eq a b)) = NEq a b"
+| "linaform (NEG (NEq a b)) = Eq a b"
+| "linaform (NEG (NEG p)) = linaform p"
+| "linaform (NEG (Conj p q)) = Disj (linaform (NEG p)) (linaform (NEG q))"
+| "linaform (NEG (Disj p q)) = Conj (linaform (NEG p)) (linaform (NEG q))"
+| "linaform p = p"
+
+lemma linaform: "is_aform (linaform p) vs = is_aform p vs"
+  by (induct p rule: linaform.induct) (auto simp add: linum)
+
+lemma "(Suc (Suc (Suc 0)) * ((x::nat) + Suc (Suc 0)) + Suc (Suc (Suc 0)) *
+  (Suc (Suc (Suc 0))) * ((x::nat) + Suc (Suc 0))) < 0 \<and> Suc 0 + Suc 0 < 0"
+  apply (reflection Inum_eqs' is_aform.simps rules: linaform)  
+oops
+
+declare linaform [reflection]
+
+lemma "(Suc (Suc (Suc 0)) * ((x::nat) + Suc (Suc 0)) + Suc (Suc (Suc 0)) *
+  (Suc (Suc (Suc 0))) * ((x::nat) + Suc (Suc 0))) < 0 \<and> Suc 0 + Suc 0 < 0"
+  apply (reflection Inum_eqs' is_aform.simps)
+oops
+
+text {* We now give an example where interpretaions have zero or more than only
+  one envornement of different types and show that automatic reification also deals with
+  bindings *}
+  
+datatype rb = BC bool | BAnd rb rb | BOr rb rb
+
+primrec Irb :: "rb \<Rightarrow> bool"
+where
+  "Irb (BC p) \<longleftrightarrow> p"
+| "Irb (BAnd s t) \<longleftrightarrow> Irb s \<and> Irb t"
+| "Irb (BOr s t) \<longleftrightarrow> Irb s \<or> Irb t"
+
+lemma "A \<and> (B \<or> D \<and> B) \<and> A \<and> (B \<or> D \<and> B) \<or> A \<and> (B \<or> D \<and> B) \<or> A \<and> (B \<or> D \<and> B)"
+  apply (reify Irb.simps)
+oops
+
+datatype rint = IC int | IVar nat | IAdd rint rint | IMult rint rint
+  | INeg rint | ISub rint rint
+
+primrec Irint :: "rint \<Rightarrow> int list \<Rightarrow> int"
+where
+  Irint_Var: "Irint (IVar n) vs = vs ! n"
+| Irint_Neg: "Irint (INeg t) vs = - Irint t vs"
+| Irint_Add: "Irint (IAdd s t) vs = Irint s vs + Irint t vs"
+| Irint_Sub: "Irint (ISub s t) vs = Irint s vs - Irint t vs"
+| Irint_Mult: "Irint (IMult s t) vs = Irint s vs * Irint t vs"
+| Irint_C: "Irint (IC i) vs = i"
+
+lemma Irint_C0: "Irint (IC 0) vs = 0"
+  by simp
+
+lemma Irint_C1: "Irint (IC 1) vs = 1"
+  by simp
+
+lemma Irint_Cnumeral: "Irint (IC (numeral x)) vs = numeral x"
+  by simp
+
+lemmas Irint_simps = Irint_Var Irint_Neg Irint_Add Irint_Sub Irint_Mult Irint_C0 Irint_C1 Irint_Cnumeral
+
+lemma "(3::int) * x + y * y - 9 + (- z) = 0"
+  apply (reify Irint_simps ("(3::int) * x + y * y - 9 + (- z)"))
+  oops
+
+datatype rlist = LVar nat | LEmpty | LCons rint rlist | LAppend rlist rlist
+
+primrec Irlist :: "rlist \<Rightarrow> int list \<Rightarrow> int list list \<Rightarrow> int list"
+where
+  "Irlist (LEmpty) is vs = []"
+| "Irlist (LVar n) is vs = vs ! n"
+| "Irlist (LCons i t) is vs = Irint i is # Irlist t is vs"
+| "Irlist (LAppend s t) is vs = Irlist s is vs @ Irlist t is vs"
+
+lemma "[(1::int)] = []"
+  apply (reify Irlist.simps Irint_simps ("[1] :: int list"))
+  oops
+
+lemma "([(3::int) * x + y * y - 9 + (- z)] @ []) @ xs = [y * y - z - 9 + (3::int) * x]"
+  apply (reify Irlist.simps Irint_simps ("([(3::int) * x + y * y - 9 + (- z)] @ []) @ xs"))
+  oops
+
+datatype rnat = NC nat| NVar nat| NSuc rnat | NAdd rnat rnat | NMult rnat rnat
+  | NNeg rnat | NSub rnat rnat | Nlgth rlist
+
+primrec Irnat :: "rnat \<Rightarrow> int list \<Rightarrow> int list list \<Rightarrow> nat list \<Rightarrow> nat"
+where
+  Irnat_Suc: "Irnat (NSuc t) is ls vs = Suc (Irnat t is ls vs)"
+| Irnat_Var: "Irnat (NVar n) is ls vs = vs ! n"
+| Irnat_Neg: "Irnat (NNeg t) is ls vs = 0"
+| Irnat_Add: "Irnat (NAdd s t) is ls vs = Irnat s is ls vs + Irnat t is ls vs"
+| Irnat_Sub: "Irnat (NSub s t) is ls vs = Irnat s is ls vs - Irnat t is ls vs"
+| Irnat_Mult: "Irnat (NMult s t) is ls vs = Irnat s is ls vs * Irnat t is ls vs"
+| Irnat_lgth: "Irnat (Nlgth rxs) is ls vs = length (Irlist rxs is ls)"
+| Irnat_C: "Irnat (NC i) is ls vs = i"
+
+lemma Irnat_C0: "Irnat (NC 0) is ls vs = 0"
+  by simp
+
+lemma Irnat_C1: "Irnat (NC 1) is ls vs = 1"
+  by simp
+
+lemma Irnat_Cnumeral: "Irnat (NC (numeral x)) is ls vs = numeral x"
+  by simp
+
+lemmas Irnat_simps = Irnat_Suc Irnat_Var Irnat_Neg Irnat_Add Irnat_Sub Irnat_Mult Irnat_lgth
+  Irnat_C0 Irnat_C1 Irnat_Cnumeral
+
+lemma "Suc n * length (([(3::int) * x + y * y - 9 + (- z)] @ []) @ xs) = length xs"
+  apply (reify Irnat_simps Irlist.simps Irint_simps
+     ("Suc n * length (([(3::int) * x + y * y - 9 + (- z)] @ []) @ xs)"))
+  oops
+
+datatype rifm = RT | RF | RVar nat
+  | RNLT rnat rnat | RNILT rnat rint | RNEQ rnat rnat
+  | RAnd rifm rifm | ROr rifm rifm | RImp rifm rifm| RIff rifm rifm
+  | RNEX rifm | RIEX rifm | RLEX rifm | RNALL rifm | RIALL rifm | RLALL rifm
+  | RBEX rifm | RBALL rifm
+
+primrec Irifm :: "rifm \<Rightarrow> bool list \<Rightarrow> int list \<Rightarrow> (int list) list \<Rightarrow> nat list \<Rightarrow> bool"
+where
+  "Irifm RT ps is ls ns \<longleftrightarrow> True"
+| "Irifm RF ps is ls ns \<longleftrightarrow> False"
+| "Irifm (RVar n) ps is ls ns \<longleftrightarrow> ps ! n"
+| "Irifm (RNLT s t) ps is ls ns \<longleftrightarrow> Irnat s is ls ns < Irnat t is ls ns"
+| "Irifm (RNILT s t) ps is ls ns \<longleftrightarrow> int (Irnat s is ls ns) < Irint t is"
+| "Irifm (RNEQ s t) ps is ls ns \<longleftrightarrow> Irnat s is ls ns = Irnat t is ls ns"
+| "Irifm (RAnd p q) ps is ls ns \<longleftrightarrow> Irifm p ps is ls ns \<and> Irifm q ps is ls ns"
+| "Irifm (ROr p q) ps is ls ns \<longleftrightarrow> Irifm p ps is ls ns \<or> Irifm q ps is ls ns"
+| "Irifm (RImp p q) ps is ls ns \<longleftrightarrow> Irifm p ps is ls ns \<longrightarrow> Irifm q ps is ls ns"
+| "Irifm (RIff p q) ps is ls ns \<longleftrightarrow> Irifm p ps is ls ns = Irifm q ps is ls ns"
+| "Irifm (RNEX p) ps is ls ns \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>x. Irifm p ps is ls (x # ns))"
+| "Irifm (RIEX p) ps is ls ns \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>x. Irifm p ps (x # is) ls ns)"
+| "Irifm (RLEX p) ps is ls ns \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>x. Irifm p ps is (x # ls) ns)"
+| "Irifm (RBEX p) ps is ls ns \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>x. Irifm p (x # ps) is ls ns)"
+| "Irifm (RNALL p) ps is ls ns \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>x. Irifm p ps is ls (x#ns))"
+| "Irifm (RIALL p) ps is ls ns \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>x. Irifm p ps (x # is) ls ns)"
+| "Irifm (RLALL p) ps is ls ns \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>x. Irifm p ps is (x#ls) ns)"
+| "Irifm (RBALL p) ps is ls ns \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>x. Irifm p (x # ps) is ls ns)"
+
+lemma " \<forall>x. \<exists>n. ((Suc n) * length (([(3::int) * x + f t * y - 9 + (- z)] @ []) @ xs) = length xs) \<and> m < 5*n - length (xs @ [2,3,4,x*z + 8 - y]) \<longrightarrow> (\<exists>p. \<forall>q. p \<and> q \<longrightarrow> r)"
+  apply (reify Irifm.simps Irnat_simps Irlist.simps Irint_simps)
+oops
+
+text {* An example for equations containing type variables *}
+
+datatype prod = Zero | One | Var nat | Mul prod prod 
+  | Pw prod nat | PNM nat nat prod
+
+primrec Iprod :: " prod \<Rightarrow> ('a::linordered_idom) list \<Rightarrow>'a" 
+where
+  "Iprod Zero vs = 0"
+| "Iprod One vs = 1"
+| "Iprod (Var n) vs = vs ! n"
+| "Iprod (Mul a b) vs = Iprod a vs * Iprod b vs"
+| "Iprod (Pw a n) vs = Iprod a vs ^ n"
+| "Iprod (PNM n k t) vs = (vs ! n) ^ k * Iprod t vs"
+
+datatype sgn = Pos prod | Neg prod | ZeroEq prod | NZeroEq prod | Tr | F 
+  | Or sgn sgn | And sgn sgn
+
+primrec Isgn :: "sgn \<Rightarrow> ('a::linordered_idom) list \<Rightarrow> bool"
+where 
+  "Isgn Tr vs \<longleftrightarrow> True"
+| "Isgn F vs \<longleftrightarrow> False"
+| "Isgn (ZeroEq t) vs \<longleftrightarrow> Iprod t vs = 0"
+| "Isgn (NZeroEq t) vs \<longleftrightarrow> Iprod t vs \<noteq> 0"
+| "Isgn (Pos t) vs \<longleftrightarrow> Iprod t vs > 0"
+| "Isgn (Neg t) vs \<longleftrightarrow> Iprod t vs < 0"
+| "Isgn (And p q) vs \<longleftrightarrow> Isgn p vs \<and> Isgn q vs"
+| "Isgn (Or p q) vs \<longleftrightarrow> Isgn p vs \<or> Isgn q vs"
+
+lemmas eqs = Isgn.simps Iprod.simps
+
+lemma "(x::'a::{linordered_idom}) ^ 4 * y * z * y ^ 2 * z ^ 23 > 0"
+  apply (reify eqs)
+  oops
+
+end
+