# HG changeset patch
# User wenzelm
# Date 910621889 -3600
# Node ID ff3c82b4760339e30bf47cd9946fc952dd26b435
# Parent  5fff21d4ca3a60114bc6d7c98b6dc73c9b70a5a5
Proof states and methods.

diff -r 5fff21d4ca3a -r ff3c82b47603 src/Pure/Isar/proof.ML
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/src/Pure/Isar/proof.ML	Mon Nov 09 15:31:29 1998 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,652 @@
+(*  Title:      Pure/Isar/proof.ML
+    ID:         $Id$
+    Author:     Markus Wenzel, TU Muenchen
+
+Proof states and methods.
+
+TODO:
+  - assume: improve schematic Vars handling (!?);
+  - bind: check rhs (extra (T)Vars etc.) (How to handle these anyway?);
+  - prep_result: avoid duplicate asms;
+  - goal: need asms field? (may take from goal context!?);
+  - finish: filter results (!??) (no?);
+  - finish_tac: make a parameter (method) (!!?);
+  - prep_result error: use error channel (!);
+  - next_block: fetch_facts (!?);
+  - warn_vars;
+  - string constants in one place (e.g. "it", "thesis") (??!);
+  - check_finished: trace results (!?);
+*)
+
+signature PROOF =
+sig
+  type context
+  type state
+  exception STATE of string * state
+  val context_of: state -> context
+  val theory_of: state -> theory
+  val sign_of: state -> Sign.sg
+  val the_facts: state -> tthm list
+  val goal_facts: (state -> tthm list) -> state -> state
+  val use_facts: state -> state
+  val reset_facts: state -> state
+  val assert_backward: state -> state
+  val enter_forward: state -> state
+  val print_state: state -> unit
+  type method
+  val method: (tthm list -> thm ->
+    (thm * (indexname * term) list * (string * tthm list) list) Seq.seq) -> method
+  val refine: (context -> method) -> state -> state Seq.seq
+  val bind: (indexname * string) list -> state -> state
+  val bind_i: (indexname * term) list -> state -> state
+  val match_bind: (string * string) list -> state -> state
+  val match_bind_i: (term * term) list -> state -> state
+  val have_tthms: string -> context attribute list ->
+    (tthm * context attribute list) list -> state -> state
+  val assume: string -> context attribute list -> string list -> state -> state
+  val assume_i: string -> context attribute list -> term list -> state -> state
+  val fix: (string * string option) list -> state -> state
+  val fix_i: (string * typ) list -> state -> state
+  val theorem: bstring -> theory attribute list -> string -> theory -> state
+  val theorem_i: bstring -> theory attribute list -> term -> theory -> state
+  val lemma: bstring -> theory attribute list -> string -> theory -> state
+  val lemma_i: bstring -> theory attribute list -> term -> theory -> state
+  val chain: state -> state
+  val from_facts: tthm list -> state -> state
+  val show: string -> context attribute list -> string -> state -> state
+  val show_i: string -> context attribute list -> term -> state -> state
+  val have: string -> context attribute list -> string -> state -> state
+  val have_i: string -> context attribute list -> term -> state -> state
+  val begin_block: state -> state
+  val next_block: state -> state
+  val end_block: (context -> method) -> state -> state Seq.seq
+  val qed: (context -> method) -> bstring option -> theory attribute list option -> state
+    -> theory * (string * string * tthm)
+end;
+
+signature PROOF_PRIVATE =
+sig
+  include PROOF
+  val put_data: Object.kind -> ('a -> Object.T) -> 'a -> state -> state
+end;
+
+
+structure Proof: PROOF_PRIVATE =
+struct
+
+
+(** proof state **)
+
+type context = ProofContext.context;
+
+
+(* type goal *)
+
+datatype kind =
+  Theorem of theory attribute list |    (*top-level theorem*)
+  Lemma of theory attribute list |      (*top-level lemma*)
+  Goal of context attribute list |      (*intermediate result, solving subgoal*)
+  Aux of context attribute list ;       (*intermediate result*)
+
+val kind_name =
+  fn Theorem _ => "theorem" | Lemma _ => "lemma" | Goal _ => "show" | Aux _ => "have";
+
+type goal =
+ (kind *		(*result kind*)
+  string *              (*result name*)
+  cterm list *          (*result assumptions*)
+  term) *               (*result statement*)
+ (tthm list *           (*use facts*)
+  thm);                 (*goal: subgoals ==> statement*)
+
+
+(* type mode *)
+
+datatype mode = Forward | ForwardChain | Backward;
+
+val mode_name =
+  fn Forward => "forward" | ForwardChain => "forward chain" | Backward => "backward";
+
+
+(* type node *)
+
+type node =
+ {context: context,
+  facts: tthm list option,
+  mode: mode,
+  goal: goal option};
+
+fun make_node (context, facts, mode, goal) =
+  {context = context, facts = facts, mode = mode, goal = goal}: node;
+
+
+(* datatype state *)
+
+datatype state =
+  State of
+    node *              (*current*)
+    node list;          (*parents wrt. block structure*)
+
+exception STATE of string * state;
+
+fun err_malformed name state =
+  raise STATE (name ^ ": internal error -- malformed proof state", state);
+
+
+fun map_current f (State ({context, facts, mode, goal}, nodes)) =
+  State (make_node (f (context, facts, mode, goal)), nodes);
+
+fun init_state thy =
+  State (make_node (ProofContext.init_context thy, None, Forward, None), []);
+
+
+
+(** basic proof state operations **)
+
+(* context *)
+
+fun context_of (State ({context, ...}, _)) = context;
+val theory_of = ProofContext.theory_of o context_of;
+val sign_of = ProofContext.sign_of o context_of;
+
+fun map_context f = map_current (fn (ctxt, facts, mode, goal) => (f ctxt, facts, mode, goal));
+
+fun map_context_result f (state as State ({context, facts, mode, goal}, nodes)) =
+  let val (context', result) = f context
+  in (State (make_node (context', facts, mode, goal), nodes), result) end;
+
+
+fun put_data kind f = map_context o ProofContext.put_data kind f;
+val declare_term = map_context o ProofContext.declare_term;
+val add_binds = map_context o ProofContext.add_binds_i;
+val put_tthms = map_context o ProofContext.put_tthms;
+val put_tthmss = map_context o ProofContext.put_tthmss;
+
+
+(* bind statements *)
+
+fun bind_props bs state =
+  let val mk_bind = map (fn (x, t) => ((Syntax.binding x, 0), t)) o ObjectLogic.dest_statement
+  in state |> add_binds (flat (map mk_bind bs)) end;
+
+fun bind_tthms (name, tthms) state =
+  let
+    val props = map (#prop o Thm.rep_thm o Attribute.thm_of) tthms;
+    val named_props =
+      (case props of
+        [prop] => [(name, prop)]
+      | props => map2 (fn (i, t) => (name ^ string_of_int i, t)) (1 upto length props, props));
+  in state |> bind_props named_props end;
+
+fun let_tthms name_tthms state =
+  state
+  |> put_tthms name_tthms
+  |> bind_tthms name_tthms;
+
+
+(* facts *)
+
+fun the_facts (State ({facts = Some facts, ...}, _)) = facts
+  | the_facts state = raise STATE ("No current facts available", state);
+
+fun put_facts facts state =
+  state
+  |> map_current (fn (ctxt, _, mode, goal) => (ctxt, facts, mode, goal))
+  |> let_tthms ("facts", if_none facts []);
+
+val reset_facts = put_facts None;
+
+fun have_facts (name, facts) state =
+  state
+  |> put_facts (Some facts)
+  |> let_tthms (name, facts);
+
+fun these_facts (state, ths) = have_facts ths state;
+fun fetch_facts (State ({facts, ...}, _)) = put_facts facts;
+
+
+(* goal *)
+
+fun find_goal i (State ({goal = Some goal, ...}, _)) = (i, goal)
+  | find_goal i (State ({goal = None, ...}, node :: nodes)) =
+      find_goal (i + 1) (State (node, nodes))
+  | find_goal _ (state as State (_, [])) = err_malformed "find_goal" state;
+
+fun put_goal goal = map_current (fn (ctxt, facts, mode, _) => (ctxt, facts, mode, goal));
+
+fun map_goal f (State ({context, facts, mode, goal = Some goal}, nodes)) =
+      State (make_node (context, facts, mode, Some (f goal)), nodes)
+  | map_goal f (State (nd, node :: nodes)) =
+      let val State (node', nodes') = map_goal f (State (node, nodes))
+      in State (nd, node' :: nodes') end
+  | map_goal _ state = state;
+
+fun goal_facts get state =
+  state
+  |> map_goal (fn (result, (_, thm)) => (result, (get state, thm)));
+
+fun use_facts state =
+  state
+  |> goal_facts the_facts
+  |> reset_facts;
+
+
+(* mode *)
+
+fun get_mode (State ({mode, ...}, _)) = mode;
+fun put_mode mode = map_current (fn (ctxt, facts, _, goal) => (ctxt, facts, mode, goal));
+
+val enter_forward = put_mode Forward;
+val enter_forward_chain = put_mode ForwardChain;
+val enter_backward = put_mode Backward;
+
+fun assert_mode pred state =
+  let val mode = get_mode state in
+    if pred mode then state
+    else raise STATE ("Illegal application of command in " ^ mode_name mode ^ " mode", state)
+  end;
+
+fun is_chain state = get_mode state = ForwardChain;
+val assert_forward = assert_mode (equal Forward);
+val assert_forward_or_chain = assert_mode (equal Forward orf equal ForwardChain);
+val assert_backward = assert_mode (equal Backward);
+
+
+(* blocks *)
+
+fun open_block (State (node, nodes)) = State (node, node :: nodes);
+
+fun new_block state =
+  state
+  |> open_block
+  |> put_goal None;
+
+fun close_block (State (_, node :: nodes)) = State (node, nodes)
+  | close_block state = raise STATE ("Unbalanced block parentheses", state);
+
+
+
+(** print_state **)
+
+fun print_state (state as State ({context, facts, mode, goal = _}, nodes)) =
+  let
+    val prt_tthm = Attribute.pretty_tthm;
+
+    fun print_facts None = ()
+      | print_facts (Some ths) =
+          Pretty.writeln (Pretty.big_list "Current facts:" (map prt_tthm ths));
+
+    fun levels_up 0 = ""
+      | levels_up i = " (" ^ string_of_int i ^ " levels up)";
+
+    fun print_goal (i, ((kind, name, _, _), (_, thm))) =
+      (writeln (kind_name kind ^ " " ^ quote name ^ levels_up (i div 1) ^ ":");	(* FIXME *)
+        Locale.print_goals (! goals_limit) thm);
+  in
+    writeln ("Nesting level: " ^ string_of_int (length nodes div 1));	(* FIXME *)
+    writeln "";
+    ProofContext.print_context context;
+    writeln "";
+    print_facts facts;
+    print_goal (find_goal 0 state);
+    writeln "";
+    writeln (mode_name mode ^ " mode")
+  end;
+
+
+
+(** proof steps **)
+
+(* datatype method *)
+
+datatype method = Method of
+  tthm list ->                   	(*use facts*)
+  thm                                   (*goal: subgoals ==> statement*)
+    -> (thm *                           (*refined goal*)
+       (indexname * term) list *        (*new bindings*)
+       (string * tthm list) list)       (*new thms*)
+         Seq.seq;
+
+val method = Method;
+
+
+(* refine goal *)
+
+fun check_sign sg state =
+  if Sign.subsig (sg, sign_of state) then state
+  else raise STATE ("Bad signature of result: " ^ Sign.str_of_sg sg, state);
+
+fun refine meth_fun (state as State ({context, ...}, _)) =
+      let
+        val Method meth = meth_fun context;
+        val (_, (result, (facts, thm))) = find_goal 0 state;
+
+        fun refn (thm', new_binds, new_thms) =
+          state
+          |> check_sign (sign_of_thm thm')
+          |> map_goal (K (result, (facts, thm')))
+          |> add_binds new_binds
+          |> put_tthmss new_thms;
+      in Seq.map refn (meth facts thm) end;
+
+
+(* prepare result *)
+
+fun varify_frees names thm =
+  let
+    fun get_free x (None, t as Free (y, _)) = if x = y then Some t else None
+      | get_free _ (opt, _) = opt;
+
+    fun find_free t x = foldl_aterms (get_free x) (None, t);
+
+    val {sign, maxidx, prop, ...} = Thm.rep_thm thm;
+    val frees = map (Thm.cterm_of sign) (mapfilter (find_free prop) names);
+  in
+    thm
+    |> Drule.forall_intr_list frees
+    |> Drule.forall_elim_vars (maxidx + 1)
+  end;
+
+fun implies_elim_hyps thm =
+  foldl (uncurry Thm.implies_elim) (thm, map Thm.assume (Drule.cprems_of thm));
+
+fun prep_result state asms t raw_thm =
+  let
+    val ctxt = context_of state;
+    fun err msg = raise STATE (msg, state);
+
+    val ngoals = Thm.nprems_of raw_thm;
+    val _ =
+      if ngoals = 0 then ()
+      else (Locale.print_goals ngoals raw_thm; err (string_of_int ngoals ^ " unsolved goal(s)!"));
+
+    val thm =
+      raw_thm RS Drule.rev_triv_goal
+      |> implies_elim_hyps
+      |> Drule.implies_intr_list asms
+      |> varify_frees (ProofContext.fixed_names ctxt);
+
+    val {hyps, prop, sign, ...} = Thm.rep_thm thm;
+    val tsig = Sign.tsig_of sign;
+  in
+(* FIXME
+    if not (Pattern.matches tsig (t, Logic.skip_flexpairs prop)) then
+      warning ("Proved a different theorem: " ^ Sign.string_of_term sign prop)
+    else ();
+*)
+    if not (null hyps) then
+      err ("Additional hypotheses:\n" ^ cat_lines (map (Sign.string_of_term sign) hyps))
+(* FIXME    else if not (Pattern.matches tsig (t, Logic.skip_flexpairs prop)) then
+      err ("Proved a different theorem: " ^ Sign.string_of_term sign prop) *)
+    else thm
+  end;
+
+
+(* prepare final result *)
+
+fun strip_flexflex thm =
+  Seq.hd (Thm.flexflex_rule thm) handle THM _ => thm;
+
+fun final_result state pre_thm =
+  let
+    val thm =
+      pre_thm
+      |> strip_flexflex
+      |> Thm.strip_shyps
+      |> Drule.standard;
+
+    val str_of_sort = Sign.str_of_sort (Thm.sign_of_thm thm);
+    val xshyps = Thm.extra_shyps thm;
+  in
+    if not (null xshyps) then
+      raise STATE ("Extra sort hypotheses: " ^ commas (map str_of_sort xshyps), state)
+    else thm
+  end;
+
+
+(* solve goal *)
+
+fun solve_goal rule state =
+  let
+    val (_, (result, (facts, thm))) = find_goal 0 state;
+    val thms' = FIRSTGOAL (solve_tac [rule]) thm;
+  in Seq.map (fn thm' => map_goal (K (result, (facts, thm'))) state) thms' end;
+
+
+
+(*** structured proof commands ***)
+
+(** context **)
+
+(* bind *)
+
+fun gen_bind f x state =
+  state
+  |> assert_forward
+  |> map_context (f x)
+  |> reset_facts;
+
+val bind = gen_bind ProofContext.add_binds;
+val bind_i = gen_bind ProofContext.add_binds_i;
+
+val match_bind = gen_bind ProofContext.match_binds;
+val match_bind_i = gen_bind ProofContext.match_binds_i;
+
+
+(* have_tthms *)
+
+val def_name = fn "" => "it" | name => name;
+
+fun have_tthms name atts ths_atts state =
+  state
+  |> assert_forward
+  |> map_context_result (ProofContext.have_tthms (def_name name) atts ths_atts)
+  |> these_facts;
+
+
+(* fix *)
+
+fun gen_fix f xs state =
+  state
+  |> assert_forward
+  |> map_context (f xs)
+  |> reset_facts;
+
+val fix = gen_fix ProofContext.fix;
+val fix_i = gen_fix ProofContext.fix_i;
+
+
+(* assume *)
+
+fun gen_assume f name atts props state =
+  state
+  |> assert_forward
+  |> map_context_result (f (def_name name) atts props)
+  |> these_facts
+  |> (fn st => let_tthms ("prems", ProofContext.assumptions (context_of st)) st);
+
+val assume = gen_assume ProofContext.assume;
+val assume_i = gen_assume ProofContext.assume_i;
+
+
+
+(** goals **)
+
+(* forward chaining *)
+
+fun chain state =
+  state
+  |> assert_forward
+  |> enter_forward_chain;
+
+fun from_facts facts state =
+  state
+  |> put_facts (Some facts)
+  |> chain;
+
+
+(* setup goals *)
+
+val read_prop = ProofContext.read_prop o context_of;
+val cert_prop = ProofContext.cert_prop o context_of;
+
+fun setup_goal opt_block prep kind name atts raw_prop state =
+  let
+    val sign = sign_of state;
+    val ctxt = context_of state;
+
+    val casms = map (#prop o Thm.crep_thm o Attribute.thm_of) (ProofContext.assumptions ctxt);
+    val asms = map Thm.term_of casms;
+
+    val prop = Logic.list_implies (asms, prep state raw_prop);
+    val cprop = Thm.cterm_of sign prop;
+    val thm = Drule.mk_triv_goal cprop;
+  in
+    state
+    |> assert_forward_or_chain
+    |> enter_forward
+    |> opt_block
+
+    |> declare_term prop
+    |> put_goal (Some ((kind atts, (def_name name), casms, prop), ([], thm)))
+    |> bind_props [("thesis", prop)]
+    |> (if is_chain state then use_facts else reset_facts)
+
+    |> new_block
+    |> enter_backward
+  end;
+
+
+(*global goals*)
+fun global_goal prep kind name atts x thy =
+  setup_goal I prep kind name atts x (init_state thy);
+
+val theorem = global_goal read_prop Theorem;
+val theorem_i = global_goal cert_prop Theorem;
+val lemma = global_goal read_prop Lemma;
+val lemma_i = global_goal cert_prop Lemma;
+
+
+(*local goals*)
+fun local_goal prep kind name atts x =
+  setup_goal open_block prep kind name atts x;
+
+val show   = local_goal read_prop Goal;
+val show_i = local_goal cert_prop Goal;
+val have   = local_goal read_prop Aux;
+val have_i = local_goal cert_prop Aux;
+
+
+
+(** blocks **)
+
+(* begin_block *)
+
+fun begin_block state =
+  state
+  |> assert_forward
+  |> new_block
+  |> reset_facts
+  |> open_block;
+
+
+(* next_block *)
+
+fun next_block state =
+  state
+  |> assert_forward
+  |> close_block
+  |> new_block;
+
+
+
+(** conclusions **)
+
+(* current goal *)
+
+fun current_goal (State ({goal = Some goal, ...}, _)) = goal
+  | current_goal state = raise STATE ("No current goal!", state);
+
+fun assert_current_goal state = (current_goal state; state);
+
+fun assert_bottom true (state as State (_, _ :: _)) =
+      raise STATE ("Not at bottom of proof!", state)
+  | assert_bottom false (state as State (_, [])) =
+      raise STATE ("Already at bottom of proof!", state)
+  | assert_bottom _ state = state;
+
+
+(* finish proof *)
+
+fun check_finished state states =
+  (case Seq.pull states of
+    None => raise STATE ("Failed to finish proof", state)
+  | Some s_sq => Seq.cons s_sq);
+
+fun finish_proof bot meth_fun state =
+  state
+  |> assert_forward
+  |> close_block
+  |> assert_bottom bot
+  |> assert_current_goal
+  |> refine meth_fun
+  |> check_finished state;
+
+
+(* conclude local proof *)
+
+fun finish_local state =
+  let
+    val ((kind, name, asms, t), (_, raw_thm)) = current_goal state;
+    val result = prep_result state asms t raw_thm;
+    val (atts, opt_solve) =
+      (case kind of
+        Goal atts => (atts, solve_goal result)
+      | Aux atts => (atts, Seq.single)
+      | _ => raise STATE ("No local goal!", state));
+  in
+    state
+    |> close_block
+    |> have_tthms name atts [((result, []), [])]
+    |> opt_solve
+  end;
+
+fun end_block meth_fun state =
+  if can assert_current_goal (close_block state) then
+    state
+    |> finish_proof false meth_fun
+    |> (Seq.flat o Seq.map finish_local)
+  else
+    state
+    |> assert_forward
+    |> close_block
+    |> close_block
+    |> fetch_facts state
+    |> Seq.single;
+
+
+(* conclude global proof *)
+
+fun finish_global alt_name alt_atts state =
+  let
+    val ((kind, def_name, asms, t), (_, raw_thm)) = current_goal state;
+    val result = final_result state (prep_result state asms t raw_thm);
+
+    val name = if_none alt_name def_name;
+    val atts =
+      (case kind of
+        Theorem atts => if_none alt_atts atts
+      | Lemma atts => Attribute.tag_lemma :: if_none alt_atts atts
+      | _ => raise STATE ("No global goal!", state));
+
+    val (thy', result') = PureThy.store_tthm ((name, (result, [])), atts) (theory_of state);
+  in (thy', (kind_name kind, name, result')) end;
+
+fun qed meth_fun alt_name alt_atts state =
+  state
+  |> finish_proof true meth_fun
+  |> Seq.hd
+  |> finish_global alt_name alt_atts;
+
+
+end;