src/Pure/pattern.ML
author paulson <lp15@cam.ac.uk>
Sun, 20 May 2018 18:37:34 +0100
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tidy up of Derivative
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(*  Title:      Pure/pattern.ML
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    Author:     Tobias Nipkow, Christine Heinzelmann, and Stefan Berghofer, TU Muenchen
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Unification of Higher-Order Patterns.
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See also:
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Tobias Nipkow. Functional Unification of Higher-Order Patterns.
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In Proceedings of the 8th IEEE Symposium Logic in Computer Science, 1993.
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*)
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signature PATTERN =
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sig
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  exception Unif
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  exception Pattern
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  val unify_trace_failure_raw: Config.raw
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  val unify_trace_failure: bool Config.T
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  val unify_types: Context.generic -> typ * typ -> Envir.env -> Envir.env
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  val unify: Context.generic -> term * term -> Envir.env -> Envir.env
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  exception MATCH
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  val match: theory -> term * term -> Type.tyenv * Envir.tenv -> Type.tyenv * Envir.tenv
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  val first_order_match: theory -> term * term
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    -> Type.tyenv * Envir.tenv -> Type.tyenv * Envir.tenv
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end;
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structure Pattern: PATTERN =
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struct
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exception Unif;
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exception Pattern;
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val unify_trace_failure_raw =
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  Config.declare ("unify_trace_failure", \<^here>) (fn _ => Config.Bool false);
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val unify_trace_failure = Config.bool unify_trace_failure_raw;
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fun string_of_term ctxt env binders t =
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  Syntax.string_of_term ctxt (Envir.norm_term env (subst_bounds (map Free binders, t)));
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fun bname binders i = fst (nth binders i);
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fun bnames binders is = space_implode " " (map (bname binders) is);
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fun typ_clash context (tye,T,U) =
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  if Config.get_generic context unify_trace_failure then
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    let
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      val ctxt = Context.proof_of context;
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      val t = Syntax.string_of_typ ctxt (Envir.norm_type tye T);
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      val u = Syntax.string_of_typ ctxt (Envir.norm_type tye U);
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    in tracing ("The following types do not unify:\n" ^ t ^ "\n" ^ u) end
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  else ();
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fun clash context a b =
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  if Config.get_generic context unify_trace_failure
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  then tracing ("Clash: " ^ a ^ " =/= " ^ b) else ();
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fun boundVar binders i =
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  "bound variable " ^ bname binders i ^ " (depth " ^ string_of_int i ^ ")";
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fun clashBB context binders i j =
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  if Config.get_generic context unify_trace_failure
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  then clash context (boundVar binders i) (boundVar binders j) else ();
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fun clashB context binders i s =
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  if Config.get_generic context unify_trace_failure
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  then clash context (boundVar binders i) s else ();
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fun proj_fail context (env,binders,F,_,is,t) =
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  if Config.get_generic context unify_trace_failure then
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    let
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      val ctxt = Context.proof_of context
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      val f = Term.string_of_vname F
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      val xs = bnames binders is
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      val u = string_of_term ctxt env binders t
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      val ys = bnames binders (subtract (op =) is (loose_bnos t))
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    in
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      tracing ("Cannot unify variable " ^ f ^
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        " (depending on bound variables " ^ xs ^ ")\nwith term " ^ u ^
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        "\nTerm contains additional bound variable(s) " ^ ys)
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    end
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  else ();
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fun ocheck_fail context (F,t,binders,env) =
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  if Config.get_generic context unify_trace_failure then
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    let
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      val ctxt = Context.proof_of context
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      val f = Term.string_of_vname F
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      val u = string_of_term ctxt env binders t
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    in tracing ("Variable " ^ f ^ " occurs in term\n" ^ u ^ "\nCannot unify!\n") end
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  else ();
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fun occurs(F,t,env) =
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    let fun occ(Var (G, T))   = (case Envir.lookup env (G, T) of
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                                 SOME(t) => occ t
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                               | NONE    => F=G)
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          | occ(t1$t2)      = occ t1 orelse occ t2
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          | occ(Abs(_,_,t)) = occ t
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          | occ _           = false
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    in occ t end;
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fun mapbnd f =
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    let fun mpb d (Bound(i))     = if i < d then Bound(i) else Bound(f(i-d)+d)
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          | mpb d (Abs(s,T,t))   = Abs(s,T,mpb(d+1) t)
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          | mpb d ((u1 $ u2))    = (mpb d u1)$(mpb d u2)
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          | mpb _ atom           = atom
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    in mpb 0 end;
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fun idx [] j     = raise Unif
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  | idx(i::is) j = if (i:int) =j then length is else idx is j;
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fun mkabs (binders,is,t)  =
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    let fun mk(i::is) = let val (x,T) = nth binders i
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                        in Abs(x,T,mk is) end
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          | mk []     = t
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    in mk is end;
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val incr = mapbnd (fn i => i+1);
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fun ints_of []             = []
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  | ints_of (Bound i ::bs) =
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      let val is = ints_of bs
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      in if member (op =) is i then raise Pattern else i::is end
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  | ints_of _              = raise Pattern;
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fun ints_of' env ts = ints_of (map (Envir.head_norm env) ts);
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fun app (s,(i::is)) = app (s$Bound(i),is)
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  | app (s,[])      = s;
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fun red (Abs(_,_,s)) (i::is) js = red s is (i::js)
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  | red t            []      [] = t
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  | red t            is      jn = app (mapbnd (nth jn) t,is);
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(* split_type ([T1,....,Tn]---> T,n,[]) = ([Tn,...,T1],T) *)
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fun split_type (T,0,Ts)                    = (Ts,T)
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  | split_type (Type ("fun",[T1,T2]),n,Ts) = split_type (T2,n-1,T1::Ts)
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  | split_type _                           = raise Fail "split_type";
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fun type_of_G env (T, n, is) =
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  let
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    val tyenv = Envir.type_env env;
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    val (Ts, U) = split_type (Envir.norm_type tyenv T, n, []);
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  in map (nth Ts) is ---> U end;
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fun mk_hnf (binders,is,G,js) = mkabs (binders, is, app(G,js));
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fun mk_new_hnf(env,binders,is,F as (a,_),T,js) =
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  let val (env',G) = Envir.genvar a (env,type_of_G env (T,length is,js))
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  in Envir.update ((F, T), mk_hnf (binders, is, G, js)) env' end;
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(*predicate: downto0 (is, n) <=> is = [n, n - 1, ..., 0]*)
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fun downto0 (i :: is, n) = i = n andalso downto0 (is, n - 1)
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  | downto0 ([], n) = n = ~1;
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(*mk_proj_list(is) = [ |is| - k | 1 <= k <= |is| and is[k] >= 0 ]*)
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fun mk_proj_list is =
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    let fun mk(i::is,j) = if is_some i then j :: mk(is,j-1) else mk(is,j-1)
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          | mk([],_)    = []
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    in mk(is,length is - 1) end;
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fun proj(s,env,binders,is) =
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    let fun trans d i = if i<d then i else (idx is (i-d))+d;
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        fun pr(s,env,d,binders) = (case Envir.head_norm env s of
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              Abs(a,T,t) => let val (t',env') = pr(t,env,d+1,((a,T)::binders))
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                            in (Abs(a,T,t'),env') end
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            | t => (case strip_comb t of
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                (c as Const _,ts) =>
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                         let val (ts',env') = prs(ts,env,d,binders)
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                         in (list_comb(c,ts'),env') end
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                 | (f as Free _,ts) =>
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                         let val (ts',env') = prs(ts,env,d,binders)
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                         in (list_comb(f,ts'),env') end
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                 | (Bound(i),ts) =>
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                         let val j = trans d i
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                             val (ts',env') = prs(ts,env,d,binders)
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                         in (list_comb(Bound j,ts'),env') end
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                 | (Var(F as (a,_),Fty),ts) =>
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                      let val js = ints_of' env ts;
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                          val js' = map (try (trans d)) js;
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                          val ks = mk_proj_list js';
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                          val ls = map_filter I js'
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                          val Hty = type_of_G env (Fty,length js,ks)
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                          val (env',H) = Envir.genvar a (env,Hty)
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                          val env'' =
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                            Envir.update ((F, Fty), mk_hnf (binders, js, H, ks)) env'
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                      in (app(H,ls),env'') end
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                 | _  => raise Pattern))
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        and prs(s::ss,env,d,binders) =
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              let val (s',env1) = pr(s,env,d,binders)
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                  val (ss',env2) = prs(ss,env1,d,binders)
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              in (s'::ss',env2) end
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          | prs([],env,_,_) = ([],env)
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   in if downto0(is,length binders - 1) then (s,env)
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      else pr(s,env,0,binders)
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   end;
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(* mk_ff_list(is,js) = [ length(is) - k | 1 <= k <= |is| and is[k] = js[k] ] *)
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fun mk_ff_list(is,js) =
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    let fun mk([],[],_)        = []
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          | mk(i::is,j::js, k) = if (i:int) = j then k :: mk(is,js,k-1)
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                                        else mk(is,js,k-1)
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          | mk _               = raise Fail "mk_ff_list"
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    in mk(is,js,length is-1) end;
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fun flexflex1(env,binders,F,Fty,is,js) =
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  if is=js then env
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  else let val ks = mk_ff_list(is,js)
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       in mk_new_hnf(env,binders,is,F,Fty,ks) end;
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fun flexflex2(env,binders,F,Fty,is,G,Gty,js) =
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  let fun ff(F,Fty,is,G as (a,_),Gty,js) =
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            if subset (op =) (js, is)
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            then let val t= mkabs(binders,is,app(Var(G,Gty),map (idx is) js))
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                 in Envir.update ((F, Fty), t) env end
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            else let val ks = inter (op =) js is
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                     val Hty = type_of_G env (Fty,length is,map (idx is) ks)
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                     val (env',H) = Envir.genvar a (env,Hty)
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                     fun lam(is) = mkabs(binders,is,app(H,map (idx is) ks));
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                 in Envir.update ((G, Gty), lam js) (Envir.update ((F, Fty), lam is) env')
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                 end;
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  in if Term_Ord.indexname_ord (G,F) = LESS then ff(F,Fty,is,G,Gty,js) else ff(G,Gty,js,F,Fty,is) end
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fun unify_types context (T, U) (env as Envir.Envir {maxidx, tenv, tyenv}) =
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  if T = U then env
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  else
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    let
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      val thy = Context.theory_of context
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      val (tyenv', maxidx') = Sign.typ_unify thy (U, T) (tyenv, maxidx)
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    in Envir.Envir {maxidx = maxidx', tenv = tenv, tyenv = tyenv'} end
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    handle Type.TUNIFY => (typ_clash context (tyenv, T, U); raise Unif);
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fun unif context binders (s,t) env = case (Envir.head_norm env s, Envir.head_norm env t) of
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      (Abs(ns,Ts,ts),Abs(nt,Tt,tt)) =>
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         let val name = if ns = "" then nt else ns
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         in unif context ((name,Ts)::binders) (ts,tt) (unify_types context (Ts, Tt) env) end
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    | (Abs(ns,Ts,ts),t) => unif context ((ns,Ts)::binders) (ts,(incr t)$Bound(0)) env
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    | (t,Abs(nt,Tt,tt)) => unif context ((nt,Tt)::binders) ((incr t)$Bound(0),tt) env
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    | p => cases context (binders,env,p)
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and cases context (binders,env,(s,t)) = case (strip_comb s,strip_comb t) of
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       ((Var(F,Fty),ss),(Var(G,Gty),ts)) =>
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         if F = G then flexflex1(env,binders,F,Fty,ints_of' env ss,ints_of' env ts)
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                  else flexflex2(env,binders,F,Fty,ints_of' env ss,G,Gty,ints_of' env ts)
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      | ((Var(F,Fty),ss),_)           => flexrigid context (env,binders,F,Fty,ints_of' env ss,t)
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      | (_,(Var(F,Fty),ts))           => flexrigid context (env,binders,F,Fty,ints_of' env ts,s)
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      | ((Const c,ss),(Const d,ts))   => rigidrigid context (env,binders,c,d,ss,ts)
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      | ((Free(f),ss),(Free(g),ts))   => rigidrigid context (env,binders,f,g,ss,ts)
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      | ((Bound(i),ss),(Bound(j),ts)) => rigidrigidB context (env,binders,i,j,ss,ts)
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      | ((Abs(_),_),_)                => raise Pattern
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      | (_,(Abs(_),_))                => raise Pattern
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      | ((Const(c,_),_),(Free(f,_),_)) => (clash context c f; raise Unif)
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      | ((Const(c,_),_),(Bound i,_))   => (clashB context binders i c; raise Unif)
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      | ((Free(f,_),_),(Const(c,_),_)) => (clash context f c; raise Unif)
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      | ((Free(f,_),_),(Bound i,_))    => (clashB context binders i f; raise Unif)
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      | ((Bound i,_),(Const(c,_),_))   => (clashB context binders i c; raise Unif)
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      | ((Bound i,_),(Free(f,_),_))    => (clashB context binders i f; raise Unif)
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and rigidrigid context (env,binders,(a,Ta),(b,Tb),ss,ts) =
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      if a<>b then (clash context a b; raise Unif)
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      else env |> unify_types context (Ta,Tb) |> fold (unif context binders) (ss~~ts)
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and rigidrigidB context (env,binders,i,j,ss,ts) =
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     if i <> j then (clashBB context binders i j; raise Unif)
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     else fold (unif context binders) (ss~~ts) env
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and flexrigid context (params as (env,binders,F,Fty,is,t)) =
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      if occurs(F,t,env) then (ocheck_fail context (F,t,binders,env); raise Unif)
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      else (let val (u,env') = proj(t,env,binders,is)
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            in Envir.update ((F, Fty), mkabs (binders, is, u)) env' end
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            handle Unif => (proj_fail context params; raise Unif));
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fun unify context = unif context [];
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(*** Matching ***)
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exception MATCH;
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fun typ_match thy TU tyenv = Sign.typ_match thy TU tyenv
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  handle Type.TYPE_MATCH => raise MATCH;
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(*First-order matching;
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  The pattern and object may have variables in common.
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  Instantiation does not affect the object, so matching ?a with ?a+1 works.
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  Object is eta-contracted on the fly (by eta-expanding the pattern).
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  Precondition: the pattern is already eta-contracted!
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  Types are matched on the fly.
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  The parameter inAbs is an optimization to avoid calling is_open;
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  it has the funny consequence that outside abstractions
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  ?x matches terms containing loose Bounds.
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*)
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fun first_order_match thy =
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  let
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    fun mtch inAbs (instsp as (tyinsts,insts)) = fn
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        (Var(ixn,T), t)  =>
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          if inAbs andalso Term.is_open t then raise MATCH
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          else (case Envir.lookup1 insts (ixn, T) of
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                  NONE => (typ_match thy (T, fastype_of t) tyinsts,
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                           Vartab.update_new (ixn, (T, t)) insts)
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                | SOME u => if Envir.aeconv (t, u) then instsp else raise MATCH)
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      | (Free (a,T), Free (b,U)) =>
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          if a=b then (typ_match thy (T,U) tyinsts, insts) else raise MATCH
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      | (Const (a,T), Const (b,U))  =>
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          if a=b then (typ_match thy (T,U) tyinsts, insts) else raise MATCH
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      | (Bound i, Bound j)  =>  if  i=j  then  instsp  else raise MATCH
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      | (Abs(_,T,t), Abs(_,U,u))  =>
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          mtch true (typ_match thy (T,U) tyinsts, insts) (t,u)
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      | (f$t, g$u) => mtch inAbs (mtch inAbs instsp (f,g)) (t, u)
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      | (t, Abs(_,U,u))  =>  mtch true instsp ((incr t)$(Bound 0), u)
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      | _ => raise MATCH
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  in fn tu => fn env => mtch false env tu end;
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(* Matching of higher-order patterns *)
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fun match_bind(itms,binders,ixn,T,is,t) =
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  let val js = loose_bnos t
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  in if null is
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     then if null js then Vartab.update_new (ixn, (T, t)) itms else raise MATCH
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     else if subset (op =) (js, is)
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          then let val t' = if downto0(is,length binders - 1) then t
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                            else mapbnd (idx is) t
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               in Vartab.update_new (ixn, (T, mkabs (binders, is, t'))) itms end
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          else raise MATCH
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  end;
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fun match thy (po as (pat,obj)) envir =
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let
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  (* Pre: pat and obj have same type *)
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  fun mtch binders (pat,obj) (env as (iTs,itms)) =
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    case pat of
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      Abs(ns,Ts,ts) =>
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        (case obj of
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           Abs(nt,Tt,tt) => mtch ((nt,Tt)::binders) (ts,tt) env
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         | _ => let val Tt = Envir.subst_type iTs Ts
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                in mtch((ns,Tt)::binders) (ts,(incr obj)$Bound(0)) env end)
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    | _ => (case obj of
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              Abs(nt,Tt,tt) =>
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                mtch((nt,Tt)::binders) ((incr pat)$Bound(0),tt) env
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            | _ => cases(binders,env,pat,obj))
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  and cases(binders,env as (iTs,itms),pat,obj) =
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    let val (ph,pargs) = strip_comb pat
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        fun rigrig1(iTs,oargs) = fold (mtch binders) (pargs~~oargs) (iTs,itms)
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          handle ListPair.UnequalLengths => raise MATCH
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        fun rigrig2((a:string,Ta),(b,Tb),oargs) =
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              if a <> b then raise MATCH
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              else rigrig1(typ_match thy (Ta,Tb) iTs, oargs)
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    in case ph of
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         Var(ixn,T) =>
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           let val is = ints_of pargs
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           in case Envir.lookup1 itms (ixn, T) of
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                NONE => (iTs,match_bind(itms,binders,ixn,T,is,obj))
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              | SOME u => if Envir.aeconv (obj, red u is []) then env
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                          else raise MATCH
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           end
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       | _ =>
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           let val (oh,oargs) = strip_comb obj
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           in case (ph,oh) of
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                (Const c,Const d) => rigrig2(c,d,oargs)
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              | (Free f,Free g)   => rigrig2(f,g,oargs)
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              | (Bound i,Bound j) => if i<>j then raise MATCH
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                                     else rigrig1(iTs,oargs)
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              | (Abs _, _)        => raise Pattern
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              | (_, Abs _)        => raise Pattern
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              | _                 => raise MATCH
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           end
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    end;
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  val pT = fastype_of pat
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  and oT = fastype_of obj
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  val envir' = apfst (typ_match thy (pT, oT)) envir;
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in mtch [] po envir' handle Pattern => first_order_match thy po envir' end;
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end;
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