src/ZF/Sum.thy
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(*  Title:      ZF/Sum.thy
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    Author:     Lawrence C Paulson, Cambridge University Computer Laboratory
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    Copyright   1993  University of Cambridge
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*)
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header{*Disjoint Sums*}
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theory Sum imports Bool equalities begin
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text{*And the "Part" primitive for simultaneous recursive type definitions*}
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definition sum :: "[i,i]=>i" (infixr "+" 65) where
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     "A+B == {0}*A \<union> {1}*B"
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definition Inl :: "i=>i" where
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     "Inl(a) == <0,a>"
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definition Inr :: "i=>i" where
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     "Inr(b) == <1,b>"
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definition "case" :: "[i=>i, i=>i, i]=>i" where
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     "case(c,d) == (%<y,z>. cond(y, d(z), c(z)))"
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  (*operator for selecting out the various summands*)
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definition Part :: "[i,i=>i] => i" where
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     "Part(A,h) == {x \<in> A. \<exists>z. x = h(z)}"
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subsection{*Rules for the @{term Part} Primitive*}
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lemma Part_iff:
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    "a \<in> Part(A,h) \<longleftrightarrow> a \<in> A & (\<exists>y. a=h(y))"
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apply (unfold Part_def)
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apply (rule separation)
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done
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lemma Part_eqI [intro]:
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    "[| a \<in> A;  a=h(b) |] ==> a \<in> Part(A,h)"
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by (unfold Part_def, blast)
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lemmas PartI = refl [THEN [2] Part_eqI]
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lemma PartE [elim!]:
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    "[| a \<in> Part(A,h);  !!z. [| a \<in> A;  a=h(z) |] ==> P
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     |] ==> P"
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apply (unfold Part_def, blast)
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done
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lemma Part_subset: "Part(A,h) \<subseteq> A"
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apply (unfold Part_def)
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apply (rule Collect_subset)
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done
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subsection{*Rules for Disjoint Sums*}
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lemmas sum_defs = sum_def Inl_def Inr_def case_def
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lemma Sigma_bool: "Sigma(bool,C) = C(0) + C(1)"
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by (unfold bool_def sum_def, blast)
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(** Introduction rules for the injections **)
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lemma InlI [intro!,simp,TC]: "a \<in> A ==> Inl(a) \<in> A+B"
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by (unfold sum_defs, blast)
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lemma InrI [intro!,simp,TC]: "b \<in> B ==> Inr(b) \<in> A+B"
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by (unfold sum_defs, blast)
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(** Elimination rules **)
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lemma sumE [elim!]:
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    "[| u \<in> A+B;
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        !!x. [| x \<in> A;  u=Inl(x) |] ==> P;
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        !!y. [| y \<in> B;  u=Inr(y) |] ==> P
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     |] ==> P"
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by (unfold sum_defs, blast)
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(** Injection and freeness equivalences, for rewriting **)
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lemma Inl_iff [iff]: "Inl(a)=Inl(b) \<longleftrightarrow> a=b"
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by (simp add: sum_defs)
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lemma Inr_iff [iff]: "Inr(a)=Inr(b) \<longleftrightarrow> a=b"
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by (simp add: sum_defs)
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lemma Inl_Inr_iff [simp]: "Inl(a)=Inr(b) \<longleftrightarrow> False"
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by (simp add: sum_defs)
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lemma Inr_Inl_iff [simp]: "Inr(b)=Inl(a) \<longleftrightarrow> False"
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by (simp add: sum_defs)
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lemma sum_empty [simp]: "0+0 = 0"
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by (simp add: sum_defs)
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(*Injection and freeness rules*)
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lemmas Inl_inject = Inl_iff [THEN iffD1]
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lemmas Inr_inject = Inr_iff [THEN iffD1]
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lemmas Inl_neq_Inr = Inl_Inr_iff [THEN iffD1, THEN FalseE, elim!]
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lemmas Inr_neq_Inl = Inr_Inl_iff [THEN iffD1, THEN FalseE, elim!]
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lemma InlD: "Inl(a): A+B ==> a \<in> A"
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by blast
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lemma InrD: "Inr(b): A+B ==> b \<in> B"
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by blast
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lemma sum_iff: "u \<in> A+B \<longleftrightarrow> (\<exists>x. x \<in> A & u=Inl(x)) | (\<exists>y. y \<in> B & u=Inr(y))"
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by blast
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lemma Inl_in_sum_iff [simp]: "(Inl(x) \<in> A+B) \<longleftrightarrow> (x \<in> A)";
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by auto
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lemma Inr_in_sum_iff [simp]: "(Inr(y) \<in> A+B) \<longleftrightarrow> (y \<in> B)";
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by auto
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lemma sum_subset_iff: "A+B \<subseteq> C+D \<longleftrightarrow> A<=C & B<=D"
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by blast
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lemma sum_equal_iff: "A+B = C+D \<longleftrightarrow> A=C & B=D"
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by (simp add: extension sum_subset_iff, blast)
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lemma sum_eq_2_times: "A+A = 2*A"
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by (simp add: sum_def, blast)
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subsection{*The Eliminator: @{term case}*}
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lemma case_Inl [simp]: "case(c, d, Inl(a)) = c(a)"
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by (simp add: sum_defs)
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lemma case_Inr [simp]: "case(c, d, Inr(b)) = d(b)"
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by (simp add: sum_defs)
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lemma case_type [TC]:
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    "[| u \<in> A+B;
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        !!x. x \<in> A ==> c(x): C(Inl(x));
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        !!y. y \<in> B ==> d(y): C(Inr(y))
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     |] ==> case(c,d,u) \<in> C(u)"
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by auto
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lemma expand_case: "u \<in> A+B ==>
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        R(case(c,d,u)) \<longleftrightarrow>
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        ((\<forall>x\<in>A. u = Inl(x) \<longrightarrow> R(c(x))) &
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        (\<forall>y\<in>B. u = Inr(y) \<longrightarrow> R(d(y))))"
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by auto
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lemma case_cong:
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  "[| z \<in> A+B;
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      !!x. x \<in> A ==> c(x)=c'(x);
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      !!y. y \<in> B ==> d(y)=d'(y)
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   |] ==> case(c,d,z) = case(c',d',z)"
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by auto
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lemma case_case: "z \<in> A+B ==>
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        case(c, d, case(%x. Inl(c'(x)), %y. Inr(d'(y)), z)) =
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        case(%x. c(c'(x)), %y. d(d'(y)), z)"
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by auto
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subsection{*More Rules for @{term "Part(A,h)"}*}
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lemma Part_mono: "A<=B ==> Part(A,h)<=Part(B,h)"
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by blast
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lemma Part_Collect: "Part(Collect(A,P), h) = Collect(Part(A,h), P)"
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by blast
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lemmas Part_CollectE =
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     Part_Collect [THEN equalityD1, THEN subsetD, THEN CollectE]
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lemma Part_Inl: "Part(A+B,Inl) = {Inl(x). x \<in> A}"
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by blast
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lemma Part_Inr: "Part(A+B,Inr) = {Inr(y). y \<in> B}"
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by blast
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lemma PartD1: "a \<in> Part(A,h) ==> a \<in> A"
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by (simp add: Part_def)
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lemma Part_id: "Part(A,%x. x) = A"
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by blast
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lemma Part_Inr2: "Part(A+B, %x. Inr(h(x))) = {Inr(y). y \<in> Part(B,h)}"
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by blast
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lemma Part_sum_equality: "C \<subseteq> A+B ==> Part(C,Inl) \<union> Part(C,Inr) = C"
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by blast
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0
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end