src/ZF/Finite.thy
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(*  Title:      ZF/Finite.thy
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    Author:     Lawrence C Paulson, Cambridge University Computer Laboratory
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    Copyright   1994  University of Cambridge
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prove:  b: Fin(A) ==> inj(b,b) <= surj(b,b)
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*)
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header{*Finite Powerset Operator and Finite Function Space*}
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theory Finite imports Inductive_ZF Epsilon Nat_ZF begin
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(*The natural numbers as a datatype*)
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rep_datatype
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  elimination    natE
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  induction      nat_induct
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  case_eqns      nat_case_0 nat_case_succ
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  recursor_eqns  recursor_0 recursor_succ
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consts
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  Fin       :: "i=>i"
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  FiniteFun :: "[i,i]=>i"         ("(_ -||>/ _)" [61, 60] 60)
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inductive
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  domains   "Fin(A)" <= "Pow(A)"
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  intros
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    emptyI:  "0 : Fin(A)"
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    consI:   "[| a: A;  b: Fin(A) |] ==> cons(a,b) : Fin(A)"
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  type_intros  empty_subsetI cons_subsetI PowI
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  type_elims   PowD [THEN revcut_rl]
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inductive
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  domains   "FiniteFun(A,B)" <= "Fin(A*B)"
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  intros
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    emptyI:  "0 : A -||> B"
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    consI:   "[| a: A;  b: B;  h: A -||> B;  a ~: domain(h) |]
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              ==> cons(<a,b>,h) : A -||> B"
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  type_intros Fin.intros
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subsection {* Finite Powerset Operator *}
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lemma Fin_mono: "A<=B ==> Fin(A) <= Fin(B)"
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apply (unfold Fin.defs)
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apply (rule lfp_mono)
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apply (rule Fin.bnd_mono)+
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apply blast
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done
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(* A : Fin(B) ==> A <= B *)
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lemmas FinD = Fin.dom_subset [THEN subsetD, THEN PowD, standard]
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(** Induction on finite sets **)
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(*Discharging x~:y entails extra work*)
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lemma Fin_induct [case_names 0 cons, induct set: Fin]:
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    "[| b: Fin(A);
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        P(0);
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        !!x y. [| x: A;  y: Fin(A);  x~:y;  P(y) |] ==> P(cons(x,y))
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     |] ==> P(b)"
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apply (erule Fin.induct, simp)
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apply (case_tac "a:b")
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 apply (erule cons_absorb [THEN ssubst], assumption) (*backtracking!*)
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apply simp
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done
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(** Simplification for Fin **)
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declare Fin.intros [simp]
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lemma Fin_0: "Fin(0) = {0}"
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by (blast intro: Fin.emptyI dest: FinD)
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(*The union of two finite sets is finite.*)
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lemma Fin_UnI [simp]: "[| b: Fin(A);  c: Fin(A) |] ==> b Un c : Fin(A)"
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apply (erule Fin_induct)
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apply (simp_all add: Un_cons)
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done
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(*The union of a set of finite sets is finite.*)
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lemma Fin_UnionI: "C : Fin(Fin(A)) ==> Union(C) : Fin(A)"
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by (erule Fin_induct, simp_all)
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(*Every subset of a finite set is finite.*)
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lemma Fin_subset_lemma [rule_format]: "b: Fin(A) ==> \<forall>z. z<=b --> z: Fin(A)"
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apply (erule Fin_induct)
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apply (simp add: subset_empty_iff)
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apply (simp add: subset_cons_iff distrib_simps, safe)
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apply (erule_tac b = z in cons_Diff [THEN subst], simp)
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done
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lemma Fin_subset: "[| c<=b;  b: Fin(A) |] ==> c: Fin(A)"
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by (blast intro: Fin_subset_lemma)
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lemma Fin_IntI1 [intro,simp]: "b: Fin(A) ==> b Int c : Fin(A)"
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by (blast intro: Fin_subset)
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lemma Fin_IntI2 [intro,simp]: "c: Fin(A) ==> b Int c : Fin(A)"
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by (blast intro: Fin_subset)
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lemma Fin_0_induct_lemma [rule_format]:
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    "[| c: Fin(A);  b: Fin(A); P(b);
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        !!x y. [| x: A;  y: Fin(A);  x:y;  P(y) |] ==> P(y-{x})
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     |] ==> c<=b --> P(b-c)"
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apply (erule Fin_induct, simp)
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apply (subst Diff_cons)
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apply (simp add: cons_subset_iff Diff_subset [THEN Fin_subset])
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done
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lemma Fin_0_induct:
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    "[| b: Fin(A);
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        P(b);
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        !!x y. [| x: A;  y: Fin(A);  x:y;  P(y) |] ==> P(y-{x})
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     |] ==> P(0)"
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apply (rule Diff_cancel [THEN subst])
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apply (blast intro: Fin_0_induct_lemma) 
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done
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(*Functions from a finite ordinal*)
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lemma nat_fun_subset_Fin: "n: nat ==> n->A <= Fin(nat*A)"
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apply (induct_tac "n")
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apply (simp add: subset_iff)
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apply (simp add: succ_def mem_not_refl [THEN cons_fun_eq])
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apply (fast intro!: Fin.consI)
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done
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subsection{*Finite Function Space*}
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lemma FiniteFun_mono:
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    "[| A<=C;  B<=D |] ==> A -||> B  <=  C -||> D"
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apply (unfold FiniteFun.defs)
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apply (rule lfp_mono)
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apply (rule FiniteFun.bnd_mono)+
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apply (intro Fin_mono Sigma_mono basic_monos, assumption+)
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done
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lemma FiniteFun_mono1: "A<=B ==> A -||> A  <=  B -||> B"
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by (blast dest: FiniteFun_mono)
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lemma FiniteFun_is_fun: "h: A -||>B ==> h: domain(h) -> B"
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apply (erule FiniteFun.induct, simp)
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apply (simp add: fun_extend3)
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done
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lemma FiniteFun_domain_Fin: "h: A -||>B ==> domain(h) : Fin(A)"
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by (erule FiniteFun.induct, simp, simp)
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lemmas FiniteFun_apply_type = FiniteFun_is_fun [THEN apply_type, standard]
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(*Every subset of a finite function is a finite function.*)
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lemma FiniteFun_subset_lemma [rule_format]:
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     "b: A-||>B ==> ALL z. z<=b --> z: A-||>B"
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apply (erule FiniteFun.induct)
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apply (simp add: subset_empty_iff FiniteFun.intros)
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apply (simp add: subset_cons_iff distrib_simps, safe)
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apply (erule_tac b = z in cons_Diff [THEN subst])
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apply (drule spec [THEN mp], assumption)
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apply (fast intro!: FiniteFun.intros)
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done
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lemma FiniteFun_subset: "[| c<=b;  b: A-||>B |] ==> c: A-||>B"
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by (blast intro: FiniteFun_subset_lemma)
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(** Some further results by Sidi O. Ehmety **)
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lemma fun_FiniteFunI [rule_format]: "A:Fin(X) ==> ALL f. f:A->B --> f:A-||>B"
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apply (erule Fin.induct)
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 apply (simp add: FiniteFun.intros, clarify)
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apply (case_tac "a:b")
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 apply (simp add: cons_absorb)
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apply (subgoal_tac "restrict (f,b) : b -||> B")
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 prefer 2 apply (blast intro: restrict_type2)
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apply (subst fun_cons_restrict_eq, assumption)
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apply (simp add: restrict_def lam_def)
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apply (blast intro: apply_funtype FiniteFun.intros 
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                    FiniteFun_mono [THEN [2] rev_subsetD])
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done
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lemma lam_FiniteFun: "A: Fin(X) ==> (lam x:A. b(x)) : A -||> {b(x). x:A}"
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by (blast intro: fun_FiniteFunI lam_funtype)
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lemma FiniteFun_Collect_iff:
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     "f : FiniteFun(A, {y:B. P(y)})
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      <-> f : FiniteFun(A,B) & (ALL x:domain(f). P(f`x))"
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apply auto
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apply (blast intro: FiniteFun_mono [THEN [2] rev_subsetD])
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apply (blast dest: Pair_mem_PiD FiniteFun_is_fun)
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apply (rule_tac A1="domain(f)" in 
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       subset_refl [THEN [2] FiniteFun_mono, THEN subsetD])
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 apply (fast dest: FiniteFun_domain_Fin Fin.dom_subset [THEN subsetD])
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apply (rule fun_FiniteFunI)
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apply (erule FiniteFun_domain_Fin)
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apply (rule_tac B = "range (f) " in fun_weaken_type)
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 apply (blast dest: FiniteFun_is_fun range_of_fun range_type apply_equality)+
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done
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subsection{*The Contents of a Singleton Set*}
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definition
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  contents :: "i=>i"  where
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   "contents(X) == THE x. X = {x}"
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lemma contents_eq [simp]: "contents ({x}) = x"
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by (simp add: contents_def)
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end