src/ZF/Constructible/Normal.thy
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(*  Title:      ZF/Constructible/Normal.thy
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    Author:     Lawrence C Paulson, Cambridge University Computer Laboratory
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*)
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header {*Closed Unbounded Classes and Normal Functions*}
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theory Normal imports Main begin
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text{*
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One source is the book
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Frank R. Drake.
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\emph{Set Theory: An Introduction to Large Cardinals}.
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North-Holland, 1974.
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*}
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subsection {*Closed and Unbounded (c.u.) Classes of Ordinals*}
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definition
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  Closed :: "(i=>o) => o" where
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    "Closed(P) == \<forall>I. I \<noteq> 0 \<longrightarrow> (\<forall>i\<in>I. Ord(i) \<and> P(i)) \<longrightarrow> P(\<Union>(I))"
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definition
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  Unbounded :: "(i=>o) => o" where
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    "Unbounded(P) == \<forall>i. Ord(i) \<longrightarrow> (\<exists>j. i<j \<and> P(j))"
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definition
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  Closed_Unbounded :: "(i=>o) => o" where
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    "Closed_Unbounded(P) == Closed(P) \<and> Unbounded(P)"
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subsubsection{*Simple facts about c.u. classes*}
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lemma ClosedI:
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     "[| !!I. [| I \<noteq> 0; \<forall>i\<in>I. Ord(i) \<and> P(i) |] ==> P(\<Union>(I)) |] 
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      ==> Closed(P)"
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by (simp add: Closed_def)
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lemma ClosedD:
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     "[| Closed(P); I \<noteq> 0; !!i. i\<in>I ==> Ord(i); !!i. i\<in>I ==> P(i) |] 
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      ==> P(\<Union>(I))"
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by (simp add: Closed_def)
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lemma UnboundedD:
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     "[| Unbounded(P);  Ord(i) |] ==> \<exists>j. i<j \<and> P(j)"
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by (simp add: Unbounded_def)
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lemma Closed_Unbounded_imp_Unbounded: "Closed_Unbounded(C) ==> Unbounded(C)"
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by (simp add: Closed_Unbounded_def) 
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text{*The universal class, V, is closed and unbounded.
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      A bit odd, since C. U. concerns only ordinals, but it's used below!*}
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theorem Closed_Unbounded_V [simp]: "Closed_Unbounded(\<lambda>x. True)"
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by (unfold Closed_Unbounded_def Closed_def Unbounded_def, blast)
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text{*The class of ordinals, @{term Ord}, is closed and unbounded.*}
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theorem Closed_Unbounded_Ord   [simp]: "Closed_Unbounded(Ord)"
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by (unfold Closed_Unbounded_def Closed_def Unbounded_def, blast)
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text{*The class of limit ordinals, @{term Limit}, is closed and unbounded.*}
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theorem Closed_Unbounded_Limit [simp]: "Closed_Unbounded(Limit)"
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apply (simp add: Closed_Unbounded_def Closed_def Unbounded_def Limit_Union, 
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       clarify)
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apply (rule_tac x="i++nat" in exI)  
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apply (blast intro: oadd_lt_self oadd_LimitI Limit_nat Limit_has_0) 
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done
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text{*The class of cardinals, @{term Card}, is closed and unbounded.*}
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theorem Closed_Unbounded_Card  [simp]: "Closed_Unbounded(Card)"
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apply (simp add: Closed_Unbounded_def Closed_def Unbounded_def Card_Union)
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apply (blast intro: lt_csucc Card_csucc)
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done
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subsubsection{*The intersection of any set-indexed family of c.u. classes is
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      c.u.*}
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text{*The constructions below come from Kunen, \emph{Set Theory}, page 78.*}
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locale cub_family =
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  fixes P and A
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  fixes next_greater -- "the next ordinal satisfying class @{term A}"
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  fixes sup_greater  -- "sup of those ordinals over all @{term A}"
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  assumes closed:    "a\<in>A ==> Closed(P(a))"
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      and unbounded: "a\<in>A ==> Unbounded(P(a))"
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      and A_non0: "A\<noteq>0"
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  defines "next_greater(a,x) == \<mu> y. x<y \<and> P(a,y)"
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      and "sup_greater(x) == \<Union>a\<in>A. next_greater(a,x)"
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text{*Trivial that the intersection is closed.*}
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lemma (in cub_family) Closed_INT: "Closed(\<lambda>x. \<forall>i\<in>A. P(i,x))"
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by (blast intro: ClosedI ClosedD [OF closed])
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text{*All remaining effort goes to show that the intersection is unbounded.*}
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lemma (in cub_family) Ord_sup_greater:
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     "Ord(sup_greater(x))"
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by (simp add: sup_greater_def next_greater_def)
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lemma (in cub_family) Ord_next_greater:
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     "Ord(next_greater(a,x))"
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by (simp add: next_greater_def Ord_Least)
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text{*@{term next_greater} works as expected: it returns a larger value
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and one that belongs to class @{term "P(a)"}. *}
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lemma (in cub_family) next_greater_lemma:
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     "[| Ord(x); a\<in>A |] ==> P(a, next_greater(a,x)) \<and> x < next_greater(a,x)"
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apply (simp add: next_greater_def)
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apply (rule exE [OF UnboundedD [OF unbounded]])
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  apply assumption+
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apply (blast intro: LeastI2 lt_Ord2) 
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done
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lemma (in cub_family) next_greater_in_P:
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     "[| Ord(x); a\<in>A |] ==> P(a, next_greater(a,x))"
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by (blast dest: next_greater_lemma)
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lemma (in cub_family) next_greater_gt:
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     "[| Ord(x); a\<in>A |] ==> x < next_greater(a,x)"
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by (blast dest: next_greater_lemma)
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lemma (in cub_family) sup_greater_gt:
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     "Ord(x) ==> x < sup_greater(x)"
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apply (simp add: sup_greater_def)
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apply (insert A_non0)
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apply (blast intro: UN_upper_lt next_greater_gt Ord_next_greater)
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done
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lemma (in cub_family) next_greater_le_sup_greater:
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     "a\<in>A ==> next_greater(a,x) \<le> sup_greater(x)"
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apply (simp add: sup_greater_def) 
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apply (blast intro: UN_upper_le Ord_next_greater)
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done
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lemma (in cub_family) omega_sup_greater_eq_UN:
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     "[| Ord(x); a\<in>A |] 
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      ==> sup_greater^\<omega> (x) = 
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          (\<Union>n\<in>nat. next_greater(a, sup_greater^n (x)))"
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apply (simp add: iterates_omega_def)
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apply (rule le_anti_sym)
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apply (rule le_implies_UN_le_UN) 
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apply (blast intro: leI next_greater_gt Ord_iterates Ord_sup_greater)  
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txt{*Opposite bound:
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@{subgoals[display,indent=0,margin=65]}
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*}
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apply (rule UN_least_le) 
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apply (blast intro: Ord_UN Ord_iterates Ord_sup_greater)  
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apply (rule_tac a="succ(n)" in UN_upper_le)
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apply (simp_all add: next_greater_le_sup_greater) 
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apply (blast intro: Ord_UN Ord_iterates Ord_sup_greater)  
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done
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lemma (in cub_family) P_omega_sup_greater:
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     "[| Ord(x); a\<in>A |] ==> P(a, sup_greater^\<omega> (x))"
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apply (simp add: omega_sup_greater_eq_UN)
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apply (rule ClosedD [OF closed]) 
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apply (blast intro: ltD, auto)
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apply (blast intro: Ord_iterates Ord_next_greater Ord_sup_greater)
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apply (blast intro: next_greater_in_P Ord_iterates Ord_sup_greater)
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done
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lemma (in cub_family) omega_sup_greater_gt:
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     "Ord(x) ==> x < sup_greater^\<omega> (x)"
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apply (simp add: iterates_omega_def)
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apply (rule UN_upper_lt [of 1], simp_all) 
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 apply (blast intro: sup_greater_gt) 
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apply (blast intro: Ord_UN Ord_iterates Ord_sup_greater)
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done
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lemma (in cub_family) Unbounded_INT: "Unbounded(\<lambda>x. \<forall>a\<in>A. P(a,x))"
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apply (unfold Unbounded_def)  
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apply (blast intro!: omega_sup_greater_gt P_omega_sup_greater) 
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done
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lemma (in cub_family) Closed_Unbounded_INT: 
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     "Closed_Unbounded(\<lambda>x. \<forall>a\<in>A. P(a,x))"
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by (simp add: Closed_Unbounded_def Closed_INT Unbounded_INT)
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theorem Closed_Unbounded_INT:
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    "(!!a. a\<in>A ==> Closed_Unbounded(P(a)))
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     ==> Closed_Unbounded(\<lambda>x. \<forall>a\<in>A. P(a, x))"
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apply (case_tac "A=0", simp)
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apply (rule cub_family.Closed_Unbounded_INT [OF cub_family.intro])
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apply (simp_all add: Closed_Unbounded_def)
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done
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lemma Int_iff_INT2:
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     "P(x) \<and> Q(x)  \<longleftrightarrow>  (\<forall>i\<in>2. (i=0 \<longrightarrow> P(x)) \<and> (i=1 \<longrightarrow> Q(x)))"
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by auto
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theorem Closed_Unbounded_Int:
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     "[| Closed_Unbounded(P); Closed_Unbounded(Q) |] 
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      ==> Closed_Unbounded(\<lambda>x. P(x) \<and> Q(x))"
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apply (simp only: Int_iff_INT2)
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apply (rule Closed_Unbounded_INT, auto) 
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done
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subsection {*Normal Functions*} 
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definition
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  mono_le_subset :: "(i=>i) => o" where
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    "mono_le_subset(M) == \<forall>i j. i\<le>j \<longrightarrow> M(i) \<subseteq> M(j)"
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definition
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  mono_Ord :: "(i=>i) => o" where
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    "mono_Ord(F) == \<forall>i j. i<j \<longrightarrow> F(i) < F(j)"
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definition
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  cont_Ord :: "(i=>i) => o" where
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    "cont_Ord(F) == \<forall>l. Limit(l) \<longrightarrow> F(l) = (\<Union>i<l. F(i))"
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definition
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  Normal :: "(i=>i) => o" where
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    "Normal(F) == mono_Ord(F) \<and> cont_Ord(F)"
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subsubsection{*Immediate properties of the definitions*}
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lemma NormalI:
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     "[|!!i j. i<j ==> F(i) < F(j);  !!l. Limit(l) ==> F(l) = (\<Union>i<l. F(i))|]
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      ==> Normal(F)"
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by (simp add: Normal_def mono_Ord_def cont_Ord_def)
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lemma mono_Ord_imp_Ord: "[| Ord(i); mono_Ord(F) |] ==> Ord(F(i))"
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apply (auto simp add: mono_Ord_def)
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apply (blast intro: lt_Ord) 
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done
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lemma mono_Ord_imp_mono: "[| i<j; mono_Ord(F) |] ==> F(i) < F(j)"
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by (simp add: mono_Ord_def)
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lemma Normal_imp_Ord [simp]: "[| Normal(F); Ord(i) |] ==> Ord(F(i))"
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by (simp add: Normal_def mono_Ord_imp_Ord) 
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lemma Normal_imp_cont: "[| Normal(F); Limit(l) |] ==> F(l) = (\<Union>i<l. F(i))"
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by (simp add: Normal_def cont_Ord_def)
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lemma Normal_imp_mono: "[| i<j; Normal(F) |] ==> F(i) < F(j)"
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by (simp add: Normal_def mono_Ord_def)
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lemma Normal_increasing:
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  assumes i: "Ord(i)" and F: "Normal(F)" shows"i \<le> F(i)"
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using i
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proof (induct i rule: trans_induct3)
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  case 0 thus ?case by (simp add: subset_imp_le F)
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next
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  case (succ i) 
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  hence "F(i) < F(succ(i))" using F
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    by (simp add: Normal_def mono_Ord_def)
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  thus ?case using succ.hyps
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    by (blast intro: lt_trans1)
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next
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  case (limit l) 
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  hence "l = (\<Union>y<l. y)" 
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    by (simp add: Limit_OUN_eq)
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  also have "... \<le> (\<Union>y<l. F(y))" using limit
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    by (blast intro: ltD le_implies_OUN_le_OUN)
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  finally have "l \<le> (\<Union>y<l. F(y))" .
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  moreover have "(\<Union>y<l. F(y)) \<le> F(l)" using limit F
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    by (simp add: Normal_imp_cont lt_Ord)
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  ultimately show ?case
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    by (blast intro: le_trans) 
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qed
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subsubsection{*The class of fixedpoints is closed and unbounded*}
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text{*The proof is from Drake, pages 113--114.*}
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lemma mono_Ord_imp_le_subset: "mono_Ord(F) ==> mono_le_subset(F)"
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apply (simp add: mono_le_subset_def, clarify)
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apply (subgoal_tac "F(i)\<le>F(j)", blast dest: le_imp_subset) 
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apply (simp add: le_iff) 
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apply (blast intro: lt_Ord2 mono_Ord_imp_Ord mono_Ord_imp_mono) 
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done
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text{*The following equation is taken for granted in any set theory text.*}
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lemma cont_Ord_Union:
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     "[| cont_Ord(F); mono_le_subset(F); X=0 \<longrightarrow> F(0)=0; \<forall>x\<in>X. Ord(x) |] 
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      ==> F(\<Union>(X)) = (\<Union>y\<in>X. F(y))"
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apply (frule Ord_set_cases)
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apply (erule disjE, force) 
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apply (thin_tac "X=0 \<longrightarrow> ?Q", auto)
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 txt{*The trival case of @{term "\<Union>X \<in> X"}*}
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 apply (rule equalityI, blast intro: Ord_Union_eq_succD) 
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 apply (simp add: mono_le_subset_def UN_subset_iff le_subset_iff) 
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 apply (blast elim: equalityE)
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txt{*The limit case, @{term "Limit(\<Union>X)"}:
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@{subgoals[display,indent=0,margin=65]}
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*}
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apply (simp add: OUN_Union_eq cont_Ord_def)
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apply (rule equalityI) 
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txt{*First inclusion:*}
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 apply (rule UN_least [OF OUN_least])
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 apply (simp add: mono_le_subset_def, blast intro: leI) 
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txt{*Second inclusion:*}
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apply (rule UN_least) 
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apply (frule Union_upper_le, blast, blast intro: Ord_Union)
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apply (erule leE, drule ltD, elim UnionE)
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 apply (simp add: OUnion_def)
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 apply blast+
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done
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lemma Normal_Union:
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     "[| X\<noteq>0; \<forall>x\<in>X. Ord(x); Normal(F) |] ==> F(\<Union>(X)) = (\<Union>y\<in>X. F(y))"
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apply (simp add: Normal_def) 
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apply (blast intro: mono_Ord_imp_le_subset cont_Ord_Union) 
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done
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lemma Normal_imp_fp_Closed: "Normal(F) ==> Closed(\<lambda>i. F(i) = i)"
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apply (simp add: Closed_def ball_conj_distrib, clarify)
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apply (frule Ord_set_cases)
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apply (auto simp add: Normal_Union)
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done
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lemma iterates_Normal_increasing:
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     "[| n\<in>nat;  x < F(x);  Normal(F) |] 
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      ==> F^n (x) < F^(succ(n)) (x)"  
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apply (induct n rule: nat_induct)
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apply (simp_all add: Normal_imp_mono)
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done
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lemma Ord_iterates_Normal:
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     "[| n\<in>nat;  Normal(F);  Ord(x) |] ==> Ord(F^n (x))"  
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by (simp add: Ord_iterates) 
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text{*THIS RESULT IS UNUSED*}
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lemma iterates_omega_Limit:
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     "[| Normal(F);  x < F(x) |] ==> Limit(F^\<omega> (x))"  
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apply (frule lt_Ord) 
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apply (simp add: iterates_omega_def)
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apply (rule increasing_LimitI) 
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   --"this lemma is @{thm increasing_LimitI [no_vars]}"
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 apply (blast intro: UN_upper_lt [of "1"]   Normal_imp_Ord
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                     Ord_UN Ord_iterates lt_imp_0_lt
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                     iterates_Normal_increasing, clarify)
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apply (rule bexI) 
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 apply (blast intro: Ord_in_Ord [OF Ord_iterates_Normal]) 
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apply (rule UN_I, erule nat_succI) 
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apply (blast intro:  iterates_Normal_increasing Ord_iterates_Normal
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                     ltD [OF lt_trans1, OF succ_leI, OF ltI]) 
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done
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lemma iterates_omega_fixedpoint:
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     "[| Normal(F); Ord(a) |] ==> F(F^\<omega> (a)) = F^\<omega> (a)" 
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   351
apply (frule Normal_increasing, assumption)
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   352
apply (erule leE) 
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   353
 apply (simp_all add: iterates_omega_triv [OF sym])  (*for subgoal 2*)
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   354
apply (simp add:  iterates_omega_def Normal_Union) 
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   355
apply (rule equalityI, force simp add: nat_succI) 
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   356
txt{*Opposite inclusion:
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   357
@{subgoals[display,indent=0,margin=65]}
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   358
*}
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   359
apply clarify
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   360
apply (rule UN_I, assumption) 
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   361
apply (frule iterates_Normal_increasing, assumption, assumption, simp)
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   362
apply (blast intro: Ord_trans ltD Ord_iterates_Normal Normal_imp_Ord [of F]) 
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   363
done
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   364
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   365
lemma iterates_omega_increasing:
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   366
     "[| Normal(F); Ord(a) |] ==> a \<le> F^\<omega> (a)"   
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   367
apply (unfold iterates_omega_def)
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   368
apply (rule UN_upper_le [of 0], simp_all)
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   369
done
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   370
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   371
lemma Normal_imp_fp_Unbounded: "Normal(F) ==> Unbounded(\<lambda>i. F(i) = i)"
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   372
apply (unfold Unbounded_def, clarify)
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   373
apply (rule_tac x="F^\<omega> (succ(i))" in exI)
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   374
apply (simp add: iterates_omega_fixedpoint) 
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   375
apply (blast intro: lt_trans2 [OF _ iterates_omega_increasing])
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   376
done
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   377
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   378
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   379
theorem Normal_imp_fp_Closed_Unbounded: 
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   380
     "Normal(F) ==> Closed_Unbounded(\<lambda>i. F(i) = i)"
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   381
by (simp add: Closed_Unbounded_def Normal_imp_fp_Closed
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   382
              Normal_imp_fp_Unbounded)
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   383
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   384
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   385
subsubsection{*Function @{text normalize}*}
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   386
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   387
text{*Function @{text normalize} maps a function @{text F} to a 
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   388
      normal function that bounds it above.  The result is normal if and
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   389
      only if @{text F} is continuous: succ is not bounded above by any 
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   390
      normal function, by @{thm [source] Normal_imp_fp_Unbounded}.
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   391
*}
21233
5a5c8ea5f66a tuned specifications;
wenzelm
parents: 16417
diff changeset
   392
definition
21404
eb85850d3eb7 more robust syntax for definition/abbreviation/notation;
wenzelm
parents: 21233
diff changeset
   393
  normalize :: "[i=>i, i] => i" where
46823
57bf0cecb366 More mathematical symbols for ZF examples
paulson
parents: 32960
diff changeset
   394
    "normalize(F,a) == transrec2(a, F(0), \<lambda>x r. F(succ(x)) \<union> succ(r))"
13223
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   395
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   396
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   397
lemma Ord_normalize [simp, intro]:
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   398
     "[| Ord(a); !!x. Ord(x) ==> Ord(F(x)) |] ==> Ord(normalize(F, a))"
46927
faf4a0b02b71 rationalising the induction rule trans_induct3
paulson
parents: 46823
diff changeset
   399
apply (induct a rule: trans_induct3)
13223
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   400
apply (simp_all add: ltD def_transrec2 [OF normalize_def])
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   401
done
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   402
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   403
lemma normalize_increasing:
46963
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   404
  assumes ab: "a < b" and F: "!!x. Ord(x) ==> Ord(F(x))"
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   405
  shows "normalize(F,a) < normalize(F,b)"
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   406
proof -
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   407
  { fix x
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   408
    have "Ord(b)" using ab by (blast intro: lt_Ord2) 
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   409
    hence "x < b \<Longrightarrow> normalize(F,x) < normalize(F,b)"
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   410
    proof (induct b arbitrary: x rule: trans_induct3)
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   411
      case 0 thus ?case by simp
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   412
    next
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   413
      case (succ b)
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   414
      thus ?case
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   415
        by (auto simp add: le_iff def_transrec2 [OF normalize_def] intro: Un_upper2_lt F)
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   416
    next
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   417
      case (limit l)
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   418
      hence sc: "succ(x) < l" 
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   419
        by (blast intro: Limit_has_succ) 
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   420
      hence "normalize(F,x) < normalize(F,succ(x))" 
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   421
        by (blast intro: limit elim: ltE) 
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   422
      hence "normalize(F,x) < (\<Union>j<l. normalize(F,j))"
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   423
        by (blast intro: OUN_upper_lt lt_Ord F sc) 
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   424
      thus ?case using limit
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   425
        by (simp add: def_transrec2 [OF normalize_def])
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   426
    qed
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   427
  } thus ?thesis using ab .
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   428
qed
13223
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   429
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   430
theorem Normal_normalize:
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   431
     "(!!x. Ord(x) ==> Ord(F(x))) ==> Normal(normalize(F))"
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   432
apply (rule NormalI) 
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   433
apply (blast intro!: normalize_increasing)
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   434
apply (simp add: def_transrec2 [OF normalize_def])
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   435
done
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   436
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   437
theorem le_normalize:
46963
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   438
  assumes a: "Ord(a)" and coF: "cont_Ord(F)" and F: "!!x. Ord(x) ==> Ord(F(x))"
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   439
  shows "F(a) \<le> normalize(F,a)"
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   440
using a
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   441
proof (induct a rule: trans_induct3)
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   442
  case 0 thus ?case by (simp add: F def_transrec2 [OF normalize_def])
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   443
next
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   444
  case (succ a)
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   445
  thus ?case
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   446
    by (simp add: def_transrec2 [OF normalize_def] Un_upper1_le F )
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   447
next
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   448
  case (limit l) 
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   449
  thus ?case using F coF [unfolded cont_Ord_def]
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   450
    by (simp add: def_transrec2 [OF normalize_def] le_implies_OUN_le_OUN ltD) 
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   451
qed
13223
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   452
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   453
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   454
subsection {*The Alephs*}
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   455
text {*This is the well-known transfinite enumeration of the cardinal 
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   456
numbers.*}
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   457
21233
5a5c8ea5f66a tuned specifications;
wenzelm
parents: 16417
diff changeset
   458
definition
21404
eb85850d3eb7 more robust syntax for definition/abbreviation/notation;
wenzelm
parents: 21233
diff changeset
   459
  Aleph :: "i => i" where
13223
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   460
    "Aleph(a) == transrec2(a, nat, \<lambda>x r. csucc(r))"
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   461
21233
5a5c8ea5f66a tuned specifications;
wenzelm
parents: 16417
diff changeset
   462
notation (xsymbols)
5a5c8ea5f66a tuned specifications;
wenzelm
parents: 16417
diff changeset
   463
  Aleph  ("\<aleph>_" [90] 90)
13223
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   464
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   465
lemma Card_Aleph [simp, intro]:
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   466
     "Ord(a) ==> Card(Aleph(a))"
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   467
apply (erule trans_induct3) 
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   468
apply (simp_all add: Card_csucc Card_nat Card_is_Ord
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   469
                     def_transrec2 [OF Aleph_def])
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   470
done
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   471
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   472
lemma Aleph_increasing:
46963
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   473
  assumes ab: "a < b" shows "Aleph(a) < Aleph(b)"
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   474
proof -
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   475
  { fix x
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   476
    have "Ord(b)" using ab by (blast intro: lt_Ord2) 
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   477
    hence "x < b \<Longrightarrow> Aleph(x) < Aleph(b)"
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   478
    proof (induct b arbitrary: x rule: trans_induct3)
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   479
      case 0 thus ?case by simp
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   480
    next
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   481
      case (succ b)
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   482
      thus ?case
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   483
        by (force simp add: le_iff def_transrec2 [OF Aleph_def] 
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   484
                  intro: lt_trans lt_csucc Card_is_Ord)
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   485
    next
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   486
      case (limit l)
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   487
      hence sc: "succ(x) < l" 
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   488
        by (blast intro: Limit_has_succ) 
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   489
      hence "\<aleph> x < (\<Union>j<l. \<aleph>j)" using limit
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   490
        by (blast intro: OUN_upper_lt Card_is_Ord ltD lt_Ord)
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   491
      thus ?case using limit
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   492
        by (simp add: def_transrec2 [OF Aleph_def])
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   493
    qed
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   494
  } thus ?thesis using ab .
67da5904300a Structured transfinite induction proofs
paulson
parents: 46927
diff changeset
   495
qed
13223
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   496
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   497
theorem Normal_Aleph: "Normal(Aleph)"
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   498
apply (rule NormalI) 
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   499
apply (blast intro!: Aleph_increasing)
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   500
apply (simp add: def_transrec2 [OF Aleph_def])
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   501
done
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   502
45be08fbdcff new theory of inner models
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
   503
end