src/ZF/int_arith.ML

more explicit bootstrap_thy;
clarified error;

(*  Title:      ZF/int_arith.ML
    Author:     Larry Paulson

Simprocs for linear arithmetic.
*)

signature INT_NUMERAL_SIMPROCS =
sig
  val cancel_numerals: simproc list
  val combine_numerals: simproc
  val combine_numerals_prod: simproc
end

structure Int_Numeral_Simprocs: INT_NUMERAL_SIMPROCS =
struct

(* abstract syntax operations *)

fun mk_bit 0 = @{term "0"}
  | mk_bit 1 = @{term "succ(0)"}
  | mk_bit _ = raise TERM ("mk_bit", []);

fun dest_bit @{term "0"} = 0
  | dest_bit @{term "succ(0)"} = 1
  | dest_bit t = raise TERM ("dest_bit", [t]);

fun mk_bin i =
  let
    fun term_of [] = @{term Pls}
      | term_of [~1] = @{term Min}
      | term_of (b :: bs) = @{term Bit} $ term_of bs $ mk_bit b;
  in term_of (Numeral_Syntax.make_binary i) end;

fun dest_bin tm =
  let
    fun bin_of @{term Pls} = []
      | bin_of @{term Min} = [~1]
      | bin_of (@{term Bit} $ bs $ b) = dest_bit b :: bin_of bs
      | bin_of _ = raise TERM ("dest_bin", [tm]);
  in Numeral_Syntax.dest_binary (bin_of tm) end;


(*Utilities*)

fun mk_numeral i = @{const integ_of} $ mk_bin i;

fun dest_numeral (Const(@{const_name integ_of}, _) $ w) = dest_bin w
  | dest_numeral t = raise TERM ("dest_numeral", [t]);

fun find_first_numeral past (t::terms) =
        ((dest_numeral t, rev past @ terms)
         handle TERM _ => find_first_numeral (t::past) terms)
  | find_first_numeral past [] = raise TERM("find_first_numeral", []);

val zero = mk_numeral 0;
val mk_plus = FOLogic.mk_binop @{const_name "zadd"};

(*Thus mk_sum[t] yields t+#0; longer sums don't have a trailing zero*)
fun mk_sum []        = zero
  | mk_sum [t,u]     = mk_plus (t, u)
  | mk_sum (t :: ts) = mk_plus (t, mk_sum ts);

(*this version ALWAYS includes a trailing zero*)
fun long_mk_sum []        = zero
  | long_mk_sum (t :: ts) = mk_plus (t, mk_sum ts);

(*decompose additions AND subtractions as a sum*)
fun dest_summing (pos, Const (@{const_name "zadd"}, _) $ t $ u, ts) =
        dest_summing (pos, t, dest_summing (pos, u, ts))
  | dest_summing (pos, Const (@{const_name "zdiff"}, _) $ t $ u, ts) =
        dest_summing (pos, t, dest_summing (not pos, u, ts))
  | dest_summing (pos, t, ts) =
        if pos then t::ts else @{const zminus} $ t :: ts;

fun dest_sum t = dest_summing (true, t, []);

val one = mk_numeral 1;
val mk_times = FOLogic.mk_binop @{const_name "zmult"};

fun mk_prod [] = one
  | mk_prod [t] = t
  | mk_prod (t :: ts) = if t = one then mk_prod ts
                        else mk_times (t, mk_prod ts);

val dest_times = FOLogic.dest_bin @{const_name "zmult"} @{typ i};

fun dest_prod t =
      let val (t,u) = dest_times t
      in  dest_prod t @ dest_prod u  end
      handle TERM _ => [t];

(*DON'T do the obvious simplifications; that would create special cases*)
fun mk_coeff (k, t) = mk_times (mk_numeral k, t);

(*Express t as a product of (possibly) a numeral with other sorted terms*)
fun dest_coeff sign (Const (@{const_name "zminus"}, _) $ t) = dest_coeff (~sign) t
  | dest_coeff sign t =
    let val ts = sort Term_Ord.term_ord (dest_prod t)
        val (n, ts') = find_first_numeral [] ts
                          handle TERM _ => (1, ts)
    in (sign*n, mk_prod ts') end;

(*Find first coefficient-term THAT MATCHES u*)
fun find_first_coeff past u [] = raise TERM("find_first_coeff", [])
  | find_first_coeff past u (t::terms) =
        let val (n,u') = dest_coeff 1 t
        in  if u aconv u' then (n, rev past @ terms)
                          else find_first_coeff (t::past) u terms
        end
        handle TERM _ => find_first_coeff (t::past) u terms;


(*Simplify #1*n and n*#1 to n*)
val add_0s = [@{thm zadd_0_intify}, @{thm zadd_0_right_intify}];

val mult_1s = [@{thm zmult_1_intify}, @{thm zmult_1_right_intify},
               @{thm zmult_minus1}, @{thm zmult_minus1_right}];

val tc_rules = [@{thm integ_of_type}, @{thm intify_in_int},
                @{thm int_of_type}, @{thm zadd_type}, @{thm zdiff_type}, @{thm zmult_type}] @ 
               @{thms bin.intros};
val intifys = [@{thm intify_ident}, @{thm zadd_intify1}, @{thm zadd_intify2},
               @{thm zdiff_intify1}, @{thm zdiff_intify2}, @{thm zmult_intify1}, @{thm zmult_intify2},
               @{thm zless_intify1}, @{thm zless_intify2}, @{thm zle_intify1}, @{thm zle_intify2}];

(*To perform binary arithmetic*)
val bin_simps = [@{thm add_integ_of_left}] @ @{thms bin_arith_simps} @ @{thms bin_rel_simps};

(*To evaluate binary negations of coefficients*)
val zminus_simps = @{thms NCons_simps} @
                   [@{thm integ_of_minus} RS @{thm sym},
                    @{thm bin_minus_1}, @{thm bin_minus_0}, @{thm bin_minus_Pls}, @{thm bin_minus_Min},
                    @{thm bin_pred_1}, @{thm bin_pred_0}, @{thm bin_pred_Pls}, @{thm bin_pred_Min}];

(*To let us treat subtraction as addition*)
val diff_simps = [@{thm zdiff_def}, @{thm zminus_zadd_distrib}, @{thm zminus_zminus}];

(*push the unary minus down*)
val int_minus_mult_eq_1_to_2 = @{lemma "$- w $* z = w $* $- z" by simp};

(*to extract again any uncancelled minuses*)
val int_minus_from_mult_simps =
    [@{thm zminus_zminus}, @{thm zmult_zminus}, @{thm zmult_zminus_right}];

(*combine unary minus with numeric literals, however nested within a product*)
val int_mult_minus_simps =
    [@{thm zmult_assoc}, @{thm zmult_zminus} RS @{thm sym}, int_minus_mult_eq_1_to_2];

fun prep_simproc thy (name, pats, proc) =
  Simplifier.simproc_global thy name pats proc;

structure CancelNumeralsCommon =
  struct
  val mk_sum = (fn _ : typ => mk_sum)
  val dest_sum = dest_sum
  val mk_coeff = mk_coeff
  val dest_coeff = dest_coeff 1
  val find_first_coeff = find_first_coeff []
  fun trans_tac ctxt = ArithData.gen_trans_tac ctxt @{thm iff_trans}

  val norm_ss1 =
    simpset_of (put_simpset ZF_ss @{context}
      addsimps add_0s @ mult_1s @ diff_simps @ zminus_simps @ @{thms zadd_ac})
  val norm_ss2 =
    simpset_of (put_simpset ZF_ss @{context}
      addsimps bin_simps @ int_mult_minus_simps @ intifys)
  val norm_ss3 =