doc-src/Intro/gate.thy

more efficient Markup_Tree, based on branches sorted by quasi-order;
renamed markup_node.scala to markup_tree.scala and classes/objects accordingly;
Position.Range: produce actual Text.Range;
Symbol.Index.decode: convert 1-based Isabelle offsets here;
added static Command.range;
simplified Command.markup;
Document_Model.token_marker: flatten markup at most once;
tuned;

Gate = FOL +
consts  nand,xor :: "[o,o] => o"
rules   nand_def "nand(P,Q) == ~(P & Q)"
        xor_def  "xor(P,Q)  == P & ~Q | ~P & Q"
end