src/HOL/Sum_Type.thy
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(*  Title:      HOL/Sum_Type.thy
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    ID:         $Id$
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    Author:     Lawrence C Paulson, Cambridge University Computer Laboratory
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    Copyright   1992  University of Cambridge
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*)
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header{*The Disjoint Sum of Two Types*}
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theory Sum_Type
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imports Typedef Fun
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begin
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text{*The representations of the two injections*}
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constdefs
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  Inl_Rep :: "['a, 'a, 'b, bool] => bool"
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  "Inl_Rep == (%a. %x y p. x=a & p)"
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  Inr_Rep :: "['b, 'a, 'b, bool] => bool"
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  "Inr_Rep == (%b. %x y p. y=b & ~p)"
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global
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typedef (Sum)
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  ('a, 'b) "+"          (infixr "+" 10)
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    = "{f. (? a. f = Inl_Rep(a::'a)) | (? b. f = Inr_Rep(b::'b))}"
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  by auto
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local
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text{*abstract constants and syntax*}
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constdefs
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  Inl :: "'a => 'a + 'b"
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   "Inl == (%a. Abs_Sum(Inl_Rep(a)))"
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  Inr :: "'b => 'a + 'b"
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   "Inr == (%b. Abs_Sum(Inr_Rep(b)))"
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  Plus :: "['a set, 'b set] => ('a + 'b) set"        (infixr "<+>" 65)
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   "A <+> B == (Inl`A) Un (Inr`B)"
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    --{*disjoint sum for sets; the operator + is overloaded with wrong type!*}
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  Part :: "['a set, 'b => 'a] => 'a set"
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   "Part A h == A Int {x. ? z. x = h(z)}"
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    --{*for selecting out the components of a mutually recursive definition*}
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(** Inl_Rep and Inr_Rep: Representations of the constructors **)
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(*This counts as a non-emptiness result for admitting 'a+'b as a type*)
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lemma Inl_RepI: "Inl_Rep(a) : Sum"
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by (auto simp add: Sum_def)
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lemma Inr_RepI: "Inr_Rep(b) : Sum"
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by (auto simp add: Sum_def)
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lemma inj_on_Abs_Sum: "inj_on Abs_Sum Sum"
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apply (rule inj_on_inverseI)
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apply (erule Abs_Sum_inverse)
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done
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subsection{*Freeness Properties for @{term Inl} and  @{term Inr}*}
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text{*Distinctness*}
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lemma Inl_Rep_not_Inr_Rep: "Inl_Rep(a) ~= Inr_Rep(b)"
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by (auto simp add: Inl_Rep_def Inr_Rep_def expand_fun_eq)
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lemma Inl_not_Inr [iff]: "Inl(a) ~= Inr(b)"
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apply (simp add: Inl_def Inr_def)
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apply (rule inj_on_Abs_Sum [THEN inj_on_contraD])
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apply (rule Inl_Rep_not_Inr_Rep)
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apply (rule Inl_RepI)
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apply (rule Inr_RepI)
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done
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lemmas Inr_not_Inl = Inl_not_Inr [THEN not_sym, standard]
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declare Inr_not_Inl [iff]
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lemmas Inl_neq_Inr = Inl_not_Inr [THEN notE, standard]
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lemmas Inr_neq_Inl = sym [THEN Inl_neq_Inr, standard]
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text{*Injectiveness*}
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lemma Inl_Rep_inject: "Inl_Rep(a) = Inl_Rep(c) ==> a=c"
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by (auto simp add: Inl_Rep_def expand_fun_eq)
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lemma Inr_Rep_inject: "Inr_Rep(b) = Inr_Rep(d) ==> b=d"
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by (auto simp add: Inr_Rep_def expand_fun_eq)
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lemma inj_Inl [simp]: "inj_on Inl A"
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apply (simp add: Inl_def)
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apply (rule inj_onI)
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apply (erule inj_on_Abs_Sum [THEN inj_onD, THEN Inl_Rep_inject])
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apply (rule Inl_RepI)
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apply (rule Inl_RepI)
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done
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lemmas Inl_inject = inj_Inl [THEN injD, standard]
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lemma inj_Inr [simp]: "inj_on Inr A"
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apply (simp add: Inr_def)
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apply (rule inj_onI)
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apply (erule inj_on_Abs_Sum [THEN inj_onD, THEN Inr_Rep_inject])
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apply (rule Inr_RepI)
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apply (rule Inr_RepI)
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done
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lemmas Inr_inject = inj_Inr [THEN injD, standard]
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lemma Inl_eq [iff]: "(Inl(x)=Inl(y)) = (x=y)"
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by (blast dest!: Inl_inject)
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lemma Inr_eq [iff]: "(Inr(x)=Inr(y)) = (x=y)"
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by (blast dest!: Inr_inject)
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subsection{*The Disjoint Sum of Sets*}
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(** Introduction rules for the injections **)
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lemma InlI [intro!]: "a : A ==> Inl(a) : A <+> B"
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by (simp add: Plus_def)
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lemma InrI [intro!]: "b : B ==> Inr(b) : A <+> B"
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by (simp add: Plus_def)
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(** Elimination rules **)
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lemma PlusE [elim!]: 
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    "[| u: A <+> B;   
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        !!x. [| x:A;  u=Inl(x) |] ==> P;  
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        !!y. [| y:B;  u=Inr(y) |] ==> P  
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     |] ==> P"
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by (auto simp add: Plus_def)
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text{*Exhaustion rule for sums, a degenerate form of induction*}
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lemma sumE: 
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    "[| !!x::'a. s = Inl(x) ==> P;  !!y::'b. s = Inr(y) ==> P  
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     |] ==> P"
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apply (rule Abs_Sum_cases [of s]) 
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apply (auto simp add: Sum_def Inl_def Inr_def)
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done
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lemma UNIV_Plus_UNIV [simp]: "UNIV <+> UNIV = UNIV"
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apply (rule set_ext)
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apply(rename_tac s)
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apply(rule_tac s=s in sumE)
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apply auto
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done
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43cc86fd3536 new lemma
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subsection{*The @{term Part} Primitive*}
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lemma Part_eqI [intro]: "[| a : A;  a=h(b) |] ==> a : Part A h"
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by (auto simp add: Part_def)
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lemmas PartI = Part_eqI [OF _ refl, standard]
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lemma PartE [elim!]: "[| a : Part A h;  !!z. [| a : A;  a=h(z) |] ==> P |] ==> P"
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by (auto simp add: Part_def)
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lemma Part_subset: "Part A h <= A"
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by (auto simp add: Part_def)
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lemma Part_mono: "A<=B ==> Part A h <= Part B h"
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by blast
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lemmas basic_monos = basic_monos Part_mono
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lemma PartD1: "a : Part A h ==> a : A"
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by (simp add: Part_def)
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lemma Part_id: "Part A (%x. x) = A"
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by blast
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lemma Part_Int: "Part (A Int B) h = (Part A h) Int (Part B h)"
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by blast
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lemma Part_Collect: "Part (A Int {x. P x}) h = (Part A h) Int {x. P x}"
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by blast
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ML
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{*
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val Inl_RepI = thm "Inl_RepI";
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val Inr_RepI = thm "Inr_RepI";
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val inj_on_Abs_Sum = thm "inj_on_Abs_Sum";
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val Inl_Rep_not_Inr_Rep = thm "Inl_Rep_not_Inr_Rep";
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val Inl_not_Inr = thm "Inl_not_Inr";
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val Inr_not_Inl = thm "Inr_not_Inl";
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val Inl_neq_Inr = thm "Inl_neq_Inr";
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val Inr_neq_Inl = thm "Inr_neq_Inl";
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val Inl_Rep_inject = thm "Inl_Rep_inject";
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val Inr_Rep_inject = thm "Inr_Rep_inject";
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val inj_Inl = thm "inj_Inl";
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val Inl_inject = thm "Inl_inject";
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val inj_Inr = thm "inj_Inr";
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val Inr_inject = thm "Inr_inject";
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val Inl_eq = thm "Inl_eq";
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val Inr_eq = thm "Inr_eq";
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val InlI = thm "InlI";
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val InrI = thm "InrI";
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val PlusE = thm "PlusE";
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val sumE = thm "sumE";
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val Part_eqI = thm "Part_eqI";
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val PartI = thm "PartI";
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val PartE = thm "PartE";
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val Part_subset = thm "Part_subset";
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val Part_mono = thm "Part_mono";
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val PartD1 = thm "PartD1";
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val Part_id = thm "Part_id";
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val Part_Int = thm "Part_Int";
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val Part_Collect = thm "Part_Collect";
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val basic_monos = thms "basic_monos";
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*}
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end