src/Pure/Concurrent/lazy.ML

pretty printing: prefer regular Proof.context over Pretty.pp, which is mostly for special bootstrap purposes involving theory merge, for example;

(*  Title:      Pure/Concurrent/lazy.ML
    Author:     Makarius

Lazy evaluation with memoing of results and regular exceptions.
Parallel version based on futures -- avoids critical or multiple
evaluation, unless interrupted.
*)

signature LAZY =
sig
  type 'a lazy
  val peek: 'a lazy -> 'a Exn.result option
  val lazy: (unit -> 'a) -> 'a lazy
  val value: 'a -> 'a lazy
  val force_result: 'a lazy -> 'a Exn.result
  val force: 'a lazy -> 'a
end;

structure Lazy: LAZY =
struct

(* datatype *)

datatype 'a expr =
  Expr of unit -> 'a |
  Result of 'a future;

abstype 'a lazy = Lazy of 'a expr Synchronized.var
with

fun peek (Lazy var) =
  (case Synchronized.value var of
    Expr _ => NONE
  | Result res => Future.peek res);

fun lazy e = Lazy (Synchronized.var "lazy" (Expr e));
fun value a = Lazy (Synchronized.var "lazy" (Result (Future.value a)));


(* force result *)

fun force_result (Lazy var) =
  (case peek (Lazy var) of
    SOME res => res
  | NONE =>
      uninterruptible (fn restore_interrupts => fn () =>
        let
          val (expr, x) =
            Synchronized.change_result var
              (fn Expr e =>
                    let val x = Future.promise ()
                    in ((SOME e, x), Result x) end
                | Result x => ((NONE, x), Result x));
        in
          (case expr of
            SOME e =>
              let
                val res = restore_interrupts (fn () => Exn.capture e ()) ();
                val _ = Future.fulfill_result x res;
                (*semantic race: some other threads might see the same
                  Interrupt, until there is a fresh start*)
                val _ =
                  (case res of
                    Exn.Exn Exn.Interrupt => Synchronized.change var (fn _ => Expr e)
                  | _ => ());
              in res end
          | NONE => restore_interrupts (fn () => Future.join_result x) ())
        end) ());

fun force r = Exn.release (force_result r);

end;
end;

type 'a lazy = 'a Lazy.lazy;