src/HOL/Real/PReal.thy
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(*  Title       : PReal.thy
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    ID          : $Id$
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    Author      : Jacques D. Fleuriot
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    Copyright   : 1998  University of Cambridge
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    Description : The positive reals as Dedekind sections of positive
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         rationals. Fundamentals of Abstract Analysis [Gleason- p. 121]
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                  provides some of the definitions.
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*)
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header {* Positive real numbers *}
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theory PReal
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imports Rational
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begin
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text{*Could be generalized and moved to @{text Ring_and_Field}*}
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lemma add_eq_exists: "\<exists>x. a+x = (b::rat)"
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by (rule_tac x="b-a" in exI, simp)
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text{*As a special case, the sum of two positives is positive.  One of the
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premises could be weakened to the relation @{text "\<le>"}.*}
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lemma pos_add_strict: "[|0<a; b<c|] ==> b < a + (c::'a::ordered_semidom)"
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by (insert add_strict_mono [of 0 a b c], simp)
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lemma interval_empty_iff:
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     "({y::'a::ordered_field. x < y & y < z} = {}) = (~(x < z))"
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by (auto dest: dense)
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definition
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  cut :: "rat set => bool"
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  "cut A = ({} \<subset> A &
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            A < {r. 0 < r} &
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            (\<forall>y \<in> A. ((\<forall>z. 0<z & z < y --> z \<in> A) & (\<exists>u \<in> A. y < u))))"
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lemma cut_of_rat: 
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  assumes q: "0 < q" shows "cut {r::rat. 0 < r & r < q}" (is "cut ?A")
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proof -
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  from q have pos: "?A < {r. 0 < r}" by force
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  have nonempty: "{} \<subset> ?A"
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  proof
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    show "{} \<subseteq> ?A" by simp
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    show "{} \<noteq> ?A"
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      by (force simp only: q eq_commute [of "{}"] interval_empty_iff)
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  qed
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  show ?thesis
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    by (simp add: cut_def pos nonempty,
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        blast dest: dense intro: order_less_trans)
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qed
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typedef preal = "{A. cut A}"
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  by (blast intro: cut_of_rat [OF zero_less_one])
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instance preal :: "{ord, plus, minus, times, inverse}" ..
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definition
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  preal_of_rat :: "rat => preal"
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  "preal_of_rat q = Abs_preal {x::rat. 0 < x & x < q}"
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  psup :: "preal set => preal"
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  "psup P = Abs_preal (\<Union>X \<in> P. Rep_preal X)"
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  add_set :: "[rat set,rat set] => rat set"
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  "add_set A B = {w. \<exists>x \<in> A. \<exists>y \<in> B. w = x + y}"
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  diff_set :: "[rat set,rat set] => rat set"
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  "diff_set A B = {w. \<exists>x. 0 < w & 0 < x & x \<notin> B & x + w \<in> A}"
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  mult_set :: "[rat set,rat set] => rat set"
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  "mult_set A B = {w. \<exists>x \<in> A. \<exists>y \<in> B. w = x * y}"
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  inverse_set :: "rat set => rat set"
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  "inverse_set A = {x. \<exists>y. 0 < x & x < y & inverse y \<notin> A}"
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defs (overloaded)
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  preal_less_def:
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    "R < S == Rep_preal R < Rep_preal S"
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  preal_le_def:
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    "R \<le> S == Rep_preal R \<subseteq> Rep_preal S"
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  preal_add_def:
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    "R + S == Abs_preal (add_set (Rep_preal R) (Rep_preal S))"
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  preal_diff_def:
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    "R - S == Abs_preal (diff_set (Rep_preal R) (Rep_preal S))"
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  preal_mult_def:
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    "R * S == Abs_preal (mult_set (Rep_preal R) (Rep_preal S))"
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  preal_inverse_def:
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    "inverse R == Abs_preal (inverse_set (Rep_preal R))"
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text{*Reduces equality on abstractions to equality on representatives*}
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declare Abs_preal_inject [simp]
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declare Abs_preal_inverse [simp]
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lemma rat_mem_preal: "0 < q ==> {r::rat. 0 < r & r < q} \<in> preal"
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by (simp add: preal_def cut_of_rat)
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lemma preal_nonempty: "A \<in> preal ==> \<exists>x\<in>A. 0 < x"
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by (unfold preal_def cut_def, blast)
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lemma preal_Ex_mem: "A \<in> preal \<Longrightarrow> \<exists>x. x \<in> A"
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by (drule preal_nonempty, fast)
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lemma preal_imp_psubset_positives: "A \<in> preal ==> A < {r. 0 < r}"
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by (force simp add: preal_def cut_def)
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lemma preal_exists_bound: "A \<in> preal ==> \<exists>x. 0 < x & x \<notin> A"
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by (drule preal_imp_psubset_positives, auto)
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lemma preal_exists_greater: "[| A \<in> preal; y \<in> A |] ==> \<exists>u \<in> A. y < u"
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by (unfold preal_def cut_def, blast)
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lemma preal_downwards_closed: "[| A \<in> preal; y \<in> A; 0 < z; z < y |] ==> z \<in> A"
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by (unfold preal_def cut_def, blast)
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text{*Relaxing the final premise*}
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lemma preal_downwards_closed':
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     "[| A \<in> preal; y \<in> A; 0 < z; z \<le> y |] ==> z \<in> A"
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apply (simp add: order_le_less)
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apply (blast intro: preal_downwards_closed)
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done
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text{*A positive fraction not in a positive real is an upper bound.
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 Gleason p. 122 - Remark (1)*}
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lemma not_in_preal_ub:
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  assumes A: "A \<in> preal"
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    and notx: "x \<notin> A"
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    and y: "y \<in> A"
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    and pos: "0 < x"
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  shows "y < x"
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proof (cases rule: linorder_cases)
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  assume "x<y"
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  with notx show ?thesis
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    by (simp add:  preal_downwards_closed [OF A y] pos)
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next
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  assume "x=y"
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  with notx and y show ?thesis by simp
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   147
next
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  assume "y<x"
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  thus ?thesis .
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   150
qed
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   151
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text {* preal lemmas instantiated to @{term "Rep_preal X"} *}
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   153
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lemma mem_Rep_preal_Ex: "\<exists>x. x \<in> Rep_preal X"
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   155
by (rule preal_Ex_mem [OF Rep_preal])
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   156
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   157
lemma Rep_preal_exists_bound: "\<exists>x>0. x \<notin> Rep_preal X"
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   158
by (rule preal_exists_bound [OF Rep_preal])
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   159
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   160
lemmas not_in_Rep_preal_ub = not_in_preal_ub [OF Rep_preal]
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   163
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   164
subsection{*@{term preal_of_prat}: the Injection from prat to preal*}
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   165
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   166
lemma rat_less_set_mem_preal: "0 < y ==> {u::rat. 0 < u & u < y} \<in> preal"
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   167
by (simp add: preal_def cut_of_rat)
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   168
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   169
lemma rat_subset_imp_le:
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     "[|{u::rat. 0 < u & u < x} \<subseteq> {u. 0 < u & u < y}; 0<x|] ==> x \<le> y"
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   171
apply (simp add: linorder_not_less [symmetric])
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   172
apply (blast dest: dense intro: order_less_trans)
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   173
done
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   174
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   175
lemma rat_set_eq_imp_eq:
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   176
     "[|{u::rat. 0 < u & u < x} = {u. 0 < u & u < y};
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        0 < x; 0 < y|] ==> x = y"
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by (blast intro: rat_subset_imp_le order_antisym)
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   179
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   180
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   181
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subsection{*Properties of Ordering*}
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   183
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   184
lemma preal_le_refl: "w \<le> (w::preal)"
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by (simp add: preal_le_def)
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   187
lemma preal_le_trans: "[| i \<le> j; j \<le> k |] ==> i \<le> (k::preal)"
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   188
by (force simp add: preal_le_def)
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   189
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   190
lemma preal_le_anti_sym: "[| z \<le> w; w \<le> z |] ==> z = (w::preal)"
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   191
apply (simp add: preal_le_def)
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   192
apply (rule Rep_preal_inject [THEN iffD1], blast)
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done
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   195
(* Axiom 'order_less_le' of class 'order': *)
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   196
lemma preal_less_le: "((w::preal) < z) = (w \<le> z & w \<noteq> z)"
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   197
by (simp add: preal_le_def preal_less_def Rep_preal_inject psubset_def)
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   198
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instance preal :: order
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  by intro_classes
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   201
    (assumption |
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   202
      rule preal_le_refl preal_le_trans preal_le_anti_sym preal_less_le)+
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   203
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lemma preal_imp_pos: "[|A \<in> preal; r \<in> A|] ==> 0 < r"
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   205
by (insert preal_imp_psubset_positives, blast)
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   206
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lemma preal_le_linear: "x <= y | y <= (x::preal)"
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   208
apply (auto simp add: preal_le_def)
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   209
apply (rule ccontr)
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   210
apply (blast dest: not_in_Rep_preal_ub intro: preal_imp_pos [OF Rep_preal]
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   211
             elim: order_less_asym)
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   212
done
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   213
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   214
instance preal :: linorder
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  by intro_classes (rule preal_le_linear)
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   216
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   217
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   219
subsection{*Properties of Addition*}
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lemma preal_add_commute: "(x::preal) + y = y + x"
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   222
apply (unfold preal_add_def add_set_def)
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   223
apply (rule_tac f = Abs_preal in arg_cong)
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   224
apply (force simp add: add_commute)
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   225
done
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   226
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text{*Lemmas for proving that addition of two positive reals gives
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   228
 a positive real*}
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   229
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   230
lemma empty_psubset_nonempty: "a \<in> A ==> {} \<subset> A"
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   231
by blast
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   232
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   233
text{*Part 1 of Dedekind sections definition*}
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   234
lemma add_set_not_empty:
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   235
     "[|A \<in> preal; B \<in> preal|] ==> {} \<subset> add_set A B"
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   236
apply (drule preal_nonempty)+
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   237
apply (auto simp add: add_set_def)
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   238
done
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   239
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   240
text{*Part 2 of Dedekind sections definition.  A structured version of
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   241
this proof is @{text preal_not_mem_mult_set_Ex} below.*}
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   242
lemma preal_not_mem_add_set_Ex:
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   243
     "[|A \<in> preal; B \<in> preal|] ==> \<exists>q>0. q \<notin> add_set A B"
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   244
apply (insert preal_exists_bound [of A] preal_exists_bound [of B], auto) 
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   245
apply (rule_tac x = "x+xa" in exI)
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diff changeset
   246
apply (simp add: add_set_def, clarify)
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   247
apply (drule (3) not_in_preal_ub)+
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   248
apply (force dest: add_strict_mono)
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   249
done
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   250
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   251
lemma add_set_not_rat_set:
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   252
   assumes A: "A \<in> preal" 
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   253
       and B: "B \<in> preal"
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   254
     shows "add_set A B < {r. 0 < r}"
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   255
proof
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   256
  from preal_imp_pos [OF A] preal_imp_pos [OF B]
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   257
  show "add_set A B \<subseteq> {r. 0 < r}" by (force simp add: add_set_def) 
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   258
next
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   259
  show "add_set A B \<noteq> {r. 0 < r}"
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   260
    by (insert preal_not_mem_add_set_Ex [OF A B], blast) 
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   261
qed
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   262
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   263
text{*Part 3 of Dedekind sections definition*}
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   264
lemma add_set_lemma3:
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   265
     "[|A \<in> preal; B \<in> preal; u \<in> add_set A B; 0 < z; z < u|] 
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   266
      ==> z \<in> add_set A B"
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   267
proof (unfold add_set_def, clarify)
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diff changeset
   268
  fix x::rat and y::rat
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   269
  assume A: "A \<in> preal" 
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   270
    and B: "B \<in> preal"
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   271
    and [simp]: "0 < z"
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   272
    and zless: "z < x + y"
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   273
    and x:  "x \<in> A"
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   274
    and y:  "y \<in> B"
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   275
  have xpos [simp]: "0<x" by (rule preal_imp_pos [OF A x])
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parents: 14335
diff changeset
   276
  have ypos [simp]: "0<y" by (rule preal_imp_pos [OF B y])
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parents: 14335
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   277
  have xypos [simp]: "0 < x+y" by (simp add: pos_add_strict)
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parents: 14335
diff changeset
   278
  let ?f = "z/(x+y)"
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   279
  have fless: "?f < 1" by (simp add: zless pos_divide_less_eq)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   280
  show "\<exists>x' \<in> A. \<exists>y'\<in>B. z = x' + y'"
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   281
  proof (intro bexI)
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   282
    show "z = x*?f + y*?f"
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   283
      by (simp add: left_distrib [symmetric] divide_inverse mult_ac
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diff changeset
   284
          order_less_imp_not_eq2)
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diff changeset
   285
  next
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diff changeset
   286
    show "y * ?f \<in> B"
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   287
    proof (rule preal_downwards_closed [OF B y])
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diff changeset
   288
      show "0 < y * ?f"
73c8ce86eb21 cleaned up
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diff changeset
   289
        by (simp add: divide_inverse zero_less_mult_iff)
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diff changeset
   290
    next
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   291
      show "y * ?f < y"
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diff changeset
   292
        by (insert mult_strict_left_mono [OF fless ypos], simp)
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paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   293
    qed
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   294
  next
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   295
    show "x * ?f \<in> A"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   296
    proof (rule preal_downwards_closed [OF A x])
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   297
      show "0 < x * ?f"
14430
5cb24165a2e1 new material from Avigad, and simplified treatment of division by 0
paulson
parents: 14387
diff changeset
   298
	by (simp add: divide_inverse zero_less_mult_iff)
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   299
    next
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   300
      show "x * ?f < x"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   301
	by (insert mult_strict_left_mono [OF fless xpos], simp)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   302
    qed
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   303
  qed
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   304
qed
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   305
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   306
text{*Part 4 of Dedekind sections definition*}
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   307
lemma add_set_lemma4:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   308
     "[|A \<in> preal; B \<in> preal; y \<in> add_set A B|] ==> \<exists>u \<in> add_set A B. y < u"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   309
apply (auto simp add: add_set_def)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   310
apply (frule preal_exists_greater [of A], auto) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   311
apply (rule_tac x="u + y" in exI)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   312
apply (auto intro: add_strict_left_mono)
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   313
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   314
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   315
lemma mem_add_set:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   316
     "[|A \<in> preal; B \<in> preal|] ==> add_set A B \<in> preal"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   317
apply (simp (no_asm_simp) add: preal_def cut_def)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   318
apply (blast intro!: add_set_not_empty add_set_not_rat_set
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   319
                     add_set_lemma3 add_set_lemma4)
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   320
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   321
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   322
lemma preal_add_assoc: "((x::preal) + y) + z = x + (y + z)"
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   323
apply (simp add: preal_add_def mem_add_set Rep_preal)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   324
apply (force simp add: add_set_def add_ac)
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   325
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   326
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   327
lemma preal_add_left_commute: "x + (y + z) = y + ((x + z)::preal)"
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   328
  apply (rule mk_left_commute [of "op +"])
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   329
  apply (rule preal_add_assoc)
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   330
  apply (rule preal_add_commute)
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   331
  done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   332
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   333
text{* Positive Real addition is an AC operator *}
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   334
lemmas preal_add_ac = preal_add_assoc preal_add_commute preal_add_left_commute
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   336
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   337
subsection{*Properties of Multiplication*}
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   338
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   339
text{*Proofs essentially same as for addition*}
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   340
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   341
lemma preal_mult_commute: "(x::preal) * y = y * x"
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   342
apply (unfold preal_mult_def mult_set_def)
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   343
apply (rule_tac f = Abs_preal in arg_cong)
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   344
apply (force simp add: mult_commute)
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   345
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   346
15055
aed573241bea Corrected TeX problem.
nipkow
parents: 15013
diff changeset
   347
text{*Multiplication of two positive reals gives a positive real.*}
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   348
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   349
text{*Lemmas for proving positive reals multiplication set in @{typ preal}*}
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   350
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   351
text{*Part 1 of Dedekind sections definition*}
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   352
lemma mult_set_not_empty:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   353
     "[|A \<in> preal; B \<in> preal|] ==> {} \<subset> mult_set A B"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   354
apply (insert preal_nonempty [of A] preal_nonempty [of B]) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   355
apply (auto simp add: mult_set_def)
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   356
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   357
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   358
text{*Part 2 of Dedekind sections definition*}
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   359
lemma preal_not_mem_mult_set_Ex:
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   360
   assumes A: "A \<in> preal" 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   361
       and B: "B \<in> preal"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   362
     shows "\<exists>q. 0 < q & q \<notin> mult_set A B"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   363
proof -
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   364
  from preal_exists_bound [OF A]
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   365
  obtain x where [simp]: "0 < x" "x \<notin> A" by blast
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   366
  from preal_exists_bound [OF B]
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   367
  obtain y where [simp]: "0 < y" "y \<notin> B" by blast
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   368
  show ?thesis
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   369
  proof (intro exI conjI)
16775
c1b87ef4a1c3 added lemmas to OrderedGroup.thy (reasoning about signs, absolute value, triangle inequalities)
avigad
parents: 15413
diff changeset
   370
    show "0 < x*y" by (simp add: mult_pos_pos)
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   371
    show "x * y \<notin> mult_set A B"
14377
f454b3004f8f tidying up, especially the Complex numbers
paulson
parents: 14369
diff changeset
   372
    proof -
f454b3004f8f tidying up, especially the Complex numbers
paulson
parents: 14369
diff changeset
   373
      { fix u::rat and v::rat
14550
b13da5649bf9 hence -> from calculation have
kleing
parents: 14430
diff changeset
   374
	      assume "u \<in> A" and "v \<in> B" and "x*y = u*v"
b13da5649bf9 hence -> from calculation have
kleing
parents: 14430
diff changeset
   375
	      moreover
b13da5649bf9 hence -> from calculation have
kleing
parents: 14430
diff changeset
   376
	      with prems have "u<x" and "v<y" by (blast dest: not_in_preal_ub)+
b13da5649bf9 hence -> from calculation have
kleing
parents: 14430
diff changeset
   377
	      moreover
b13da5649bf9 hence -> from calculation have
kleing
parents: 14430
diff changeset
   378
	      with prems have "0\<le>v"
b13da5649bf9 hence -> from calculation have
kleing
parents: 14430
diff changeset
   379
	        by (blast intro: preal_imp_pos [OF B]  order_less_imp_le prems)
b13da5649bf9 hence -> from calculation have
kleing
parents: 14430
diff changeset
   380
	      moreover
b13da5649bf9 hence -> from calculation have
kleing
parents: 14430
diff changeset
   381
        from calculation
b13da5649bf9 hence -> from calculation have
kleing
parents: 14430
diff changeset
   382
	      have "u*v < x*y" by (blast intro: mult_strict_mono prems)
b13da5649bf9 hence -> from calculation have
kleing
parents: 14430
diff changeset
   383
	      ultimately have False by force }
14377
f454b3004f8f tidying up, especially the Complex numbers
paulson
parents: 14369
diff changeset
   384
      thus ?thesis by (auto simp add: mult_set_def)
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   385
    qed
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   386
  qed
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   387
qed
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   388
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   389
lemma mult_set_not_rat_set:
19765
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   390
  assumes A: "A \<in> preal" 
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   391
    and B: "B \<in> preal"
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   392
  shows "mult_set A B < {r. 0 < r}"
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   393
proof
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   394
  show "mult_set A B \<subseteq> {r. 0 < r}"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   395
    by (force simp add: mult_set_def
19765
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   396
      intro: preal_imp_pos [OF A] preal_imp_pos [OF B] mult_pos_pos)
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   397
  show "mult_set A B \<noteq> {r. 0 < r}"
19765
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   398
    using preal_not_mem_mult_set_Ex [OF A B] by blast
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   399
qed
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   400
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   401
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   402
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   403
text{*Part 3 of Dedekind sections definition*}
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   404
lemma mult_set_lemma3:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   405
     "[|A \<in> preal; B \<in> preal; u \<in> mult_set A B; 0 < z; z < u|] 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   406
      ==> z \<in> mult_set A B"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   407
proof (unfold mult_set_def, clarify)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   408
  fix x::rat and y::rat
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   409
  assume A: "A \<in> preal" 
19765
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   410
    and B: "B \<in> preal"
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   411
    and [simp]: "0 < z"
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   412
    and zless: "z < x * y"
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   413
    and x:  "x \<in> A"
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   414
    and y:  "y \<in> B"
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   415
  have [simp]: "0<y" by (rule preal_imp_pos [OF B y])
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   416
  show "\<exists>x' \<in> A. \<exists>y' \<in> B. z = x' * y'"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   417
  proof
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   418
    show "\<exists>y'\<in>B. z = (z/y) * y'"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   419
    proof
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   420
      show "z = (z/y)*y"
14430
5cb24165a2e1 new material from Avigad, and simplified treatment of division by 0
paulson
parents: 14387
diff changeset
   421
	by (simp add: divide_inverse mult_commute [of y] mult_assoc
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   422
		      order_less_imp_not_eq2)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   423
      show "y \<in> B" .
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   424
    qed
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   425
  next
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   426
    show "z/y \<in> A"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   427
    proof (rule preal_downwards_closed [OF A x])
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   428
      show "0 < z/y"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   429
	by (simp add: zero_less_divide_iff)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   430
      show "z/y < x" by (simp add: pos_divide_less_eq zless)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   431
    qed
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   432
  qed
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   433
qed
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   434
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   435
text{*Part 4 of Dedekind sections definition*}
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   436
lemma mult_set_lemma4:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   437
     "[|A \<in> preal; B \<in> preal; y \<in> mult_set A B|] ==> \<exists>u \<in> mult_set A B. y < u"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   438
apply (auto simp add: mult_set_def)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   439
apply (frule preal_exists_greater [of A], auto) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   440
apply (rule_tac x="u * y" in exI)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   441
apply (auto intro: preal_imp_pos [of A] preal_imp_pos [of B] 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   442
                   mult_strict_right_mono)
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   443
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   444
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   445
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   446
lemma mem_mult_set:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   447
     "[|A \<in> preal; B \<in> preal|] ==> mult_set A B \<in> preal"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   448
apply (simp (no_asm_simp) add: preal_def cut_def)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   449
apply (blast intro!: mult_set_not_empty mult_set_not_rat_set
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   450
                     mult_set_lemma3 mult_set_lemma4)
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   451
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   452
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   453
lemma preal_mult_assoc: "((x::preal) * y) * z = x * (y * z)"
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   454
apply (simp add: preal_mult_def mem_mult_set Rep_preal)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   455
apply (force simp add: mult_set_def mult_ac)
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   456
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   457
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   458
lemma preal_mult_left_commute: "x * (y * z) = y * ((x * z)::preal)"
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   459
  apply (rule mk_left_commute [of "op *"])
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   460
  apply (rule preal_mult_assoc)
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   461
  apply (rule preal_mult_commute)
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   462
  done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   463
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   464
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   465
text{* Positive Real multiplication is an AC operator *}
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   466
lemmas preal_mult_ac =
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   467
       preal_mult_assoc preal_mult_commute preal_mult_left_commute
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   468
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   469
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   470
text{* Positive real 1 is the multiplicative identity element *}
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   471
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   472
lemma preal_mult_1: "(preal_of_rat 1) * z = z"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   473
proof (induct z)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   474
  fix A :: "rat set"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   475
  assume A: "A \<in> preal"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   476
  have "{w. \<exists>u. 0 < u \<and> u < 1 & (\<exists>v \<in> A. w = u * v)} = A" (is "?lhs = A")
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   477
  proof
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   478
    show "?lhs \<subseteq> A"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   479
    proof clarify
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   480
      fix x::rat and u::rat and v::rat
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   481
      assume upos: "0<u" and "u<1" and v: "v \<in> A"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   482
      have vpos: "0<v" by (rule preal_imp_pos [OF A v])
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   483
      hence "u*v < 1*v" by (simp only: mult_strict_right_mono prems)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   484
      thus "u * v \<in> A"
16775
c1b87ef4a1c3 added lemmas to OrderedGroup.thy (reasoning about signs, absolute value, triangle inequalities)
avigad
parents: 15413
diff changeset
   485
        by (force intro: preal_downwards_closed [OF A v] mult_pos_pos 
c1b87ef4a1c3 added lemmas to OrderedGroup.thy (reasoning about signs, absolute value, triangle inequalities)
avigad
parents: 15413
diff changeset
   486
          upos vpos)
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   487
    qed
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   488
  next
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   489
    show "A \<subseteq> ?lhs"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   490
    proof clarify
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   491
      fix x::rat
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   492
      assume x: "x \<in> A"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   493
      have xpos: "0<x" by (rule preal_imp_pos [OF A x])
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   494
      from preal_exists_greater [OF A x]
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   495
      obtain v where v: "v \<in> A" and xlessv: "x < v" ..
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   496
      have vpos: "0<v" by (rule preal_imp_pos [OF A v])
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   497
      show "\<exists>u. 0 < u \<and> u < 1 \<and> (\<exists>v\<in>A. x = u * v)"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   498
      proof (intro exI conjI)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   499
        show "0 < x/v"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   500
          by (simp add: zero_less_divide_iff xpos vpos)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   501
	show "x / v < 1"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   502
          by (simp add: pos_divide_less_eq vpos xlessv)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   503
        show "\<exists>v'\<in>A. x = (x / v) * v'"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   504
        proof
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   505
          show "x = (x/v)*v"
14430
5cb24165a2e1 new material from Avigad, and simplified treatment of division by 0
paulson
parents: 14387
diff changeset
   506
	    by (simp add: divide_inverse mult_assoc vpos
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   507
                          order_less_imp_not_eq2)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   508
          show "v \<in> A" .
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   509
        qed
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   510
      qed
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   511
    qed
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   512
  qed
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   513
  thus "preal_of_rat 1 * Abs_preal A = Abs_preal A"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   514
    by (simp add: preal_of_rat_def preal_mult_def mult_set_def 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   515
                  rat_mem_preal A)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   516
qed
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   517
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   518
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   519
lemma preal_mult_1_right: "z * (preal_of_rat 1) = z"
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   520
apply (rule preal_mult_commute [THEN subst])
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   521
apply (rule preal_mult_1)
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   522
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   523
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   524
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   525
subsection{*Distribution of Multiplication across Addition*}
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   526
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   527
lemma mem_Rep_preal_add_iff:
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   528
      "(z \<in> Rep_preal(R+S)) = (\<exists>x \<in> Rep_preal R. \<exists>y \<in> Rep_preal S. z = x + y)"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   529
apply (simp add: preal_add_def mem_add_set Rep_preal)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   530
apply (simp add: add_set_def) 
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   531
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   532
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   533
lemma mem_Rep_preal_mult_iff:
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   534
      "(z \<in> Rep_preal(R*S)) = (\<exists>x \<in> Rep_preal R. \<exists>y \<in> Rep_preal S. z = x * y)"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   535
apply (simp add: preal_mult_def mem_mult_set Rep_preal)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   536
apply (simp add: mult_set_def) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   537
done
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   538
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   539
lemma distrib_subset1:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   540
     "Rep_preal (w * (x + y)) \<subseteq> Rep_preal (w * x + w * y)"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   541
apply (auto simp add: Bex_def mem_Rep_preal_add_iff mem_Rep_preal_mult_iff)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   542
apply (force simp add: right_distrib)
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   543
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   544
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   545
lemma preal_add_mult_distrib_mean:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   546
  assumes a: "a \<in> Rep_preal w"
19765
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   547
    and b: "b \<in> Rep_preal w"
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   548
    and d: "d \<in> Rep_preal x"
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   549
    and e: "e \<in> Rep_preal y"
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   550
  shows "\<exists>c \<in> Rep_preal w. a * d + b * e = c * (d + e)"
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   551
proof
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   552
  let ?c = "(a*d + b*e)/(d+e)"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   553
  have [simp]: "0<a" "0<b" "0<d" "0<e" "0<d+e"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   554
    by (blast intro: preal_imp_pos [OF Rep_preal] a b d e pos_add_strict)+
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   555
  have cpos: "0 < ?c"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   556
    by (simp add: zero_less_divide_iff zero_less_mult_iff pos_add_strict)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   557
  show "a * d + b * e = ?c * (d + e)"
14430
5cb24165a2e1 new material from Avigad, and simplified treatment of division by 0
paulson
parents: 14387
diff changeset
   558
    by (simp add: divide_inverse mult_assoc order_less_imp_not_eq2)
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   559
  show "?c \<in> Rep_preal w"
20495
73c8ce86eb21 cleaned up
huffman
parents: 19765
diff changeset
   560
  proof (cases rule: linorder_le_cases)
73c8ce86eb21 cleaned up
huffman
parents: 19765
diff changeset
   561
    assume "a \<le> b"
73c8ce86eb21 cleaned up
huffman
parents: 19765
diff changeset
   562
    hence "?c \<le> b"
73c8ce86eb21 cleaned up
huffman
parents: 19765
diff changeset
   563
      by (simp add: pos_divide_le_eq right_distrib mult_right_mono
73c8ce86eb21 cleaned up
huffman
parents: 19765
diff changeset
   564
                    order_less_imp_le)
73c8ce86eb21 cleaned up
huffman
parents: 19765
diff changeset
   565
    thus ?thesis by (rule preal_downwards_closed' [OF Rep_preal b cpos])
73c8ce86eb21 cleaned up
huffman
parents: 19765
diff changeset
   566
  next
73c8ce86eb21 cleaned up
huffman
parents: 19765
diff changeset
   567
    assume "b \<le> a"
73c8ce86eb21 cleaned up
huffman
parents: 19765
diff changeset
   568
    hence "?c \<le> a"
73c8ce86eb21 cleaned up
huffman
parents: 19765
diff changeset
   569
      by (simp add: pos_divide_le_eq right_distrib mult_right_mono
73c8ce86eb21 cleaned up
huffman
parents: 19765
diff changeset
   570
                    order_less_imp_le)
73c8ce86eb21 cleaned up
huffman
parents: 19765
diff changeset
   571
    thus ?thesis by (rule preal_downwards_closed' [OF Rep_preal a cpos])
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   572
  qed
20495
73c8ce86eb21 cleaned up
huffman
parents: 19765
diff changeset
   573
qed
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   574
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   575
lemma distrib_subset2:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   576
     "Rep_preal (w * x + w * y) \<subseteq> Rep_preal (w * (x + y))"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   577
apply (auto simp add: Bex_def mem_Rep_preal_add_iff mem_Rep_preal_mult_iff)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   578
apply (drule_tac w=w and x=x and y=y in preal_add_mult_distrib_mean, auto)
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   579
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   580
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   581
lemma preal_add_mult_distrib2: "(w * ((x::preal) + y)) = (w * x) + (w * y)"
15413
901d1bfedf09 removal of archaic Abs/Rep proofs
paulson
parents: 15234
diff changeset
   582
apply (rule Rep_preal_inject [THEN iffD1])
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   583
apply (rule equalityI [OF distrib_subset1 distrib_subset2])
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   584
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   585
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   586
lemma preal_add_mult_distrib: "(((x::preal) + y) * w) = (x * w) + (y * w)"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   587
by (simp add: preal_mult_commute preal_add_mult_distrib2)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   588
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   589
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   590
subsection{*Existence of Inverse, a Positive Real*}
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   591
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   592
lemma mem_inv_set_ex:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   593
  assumes A: "A \<in> preal" shows "\<exists>x y. 0 < x & x < y & inverse y \<notin> A"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   594
proof -
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   595
  from preal_exists_bound [OF A]
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   596
  obtain x where [simp]: "0<x" "x \<notin> A" by blast
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   597
  show ?thesis
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   598
  proof (intro exI conjI)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   599
    show "0 < inverse (x+1)"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   600
      by (simp add: order_less_trans [OF _ less_add_one]) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   601
    show "inverse(x+1) < inverse x"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   602
      by (simp add: less_imp_inverse_less less_add_one)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   603
    show "inverse (inverse x) \<notin> A"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   604
      by (simp add: order_less_imp_not_eq2)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   605
  qed
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   606
qed
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   607
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   608
text{*Part 1 of Dedekind sections definition*}
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   609
lemma inverse_set_not_empty:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   610
     "A \<in> preal ==> {} \<subset> inverse_set A"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   611
apply (insert mem_inv_set_ex [of A])
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   612
apply (auto simp add: inverse_set_def)
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   613
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   614
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   615
text{*Part 2 of Dedekind sections definition*}
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   616
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   617
lemma preal_not_mem_inverse_set_Ex:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   618
   assumes A: "A \<in> preal"  shows "\<exists>q. 0 < q & q \<notin> inverse_set A"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   619
proof -
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   620
  from preal_nonempty [OF A]
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   621
  obtain x where x: "x \<in> A" and  xpos [simp]: "0<x" ..
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   622
  show ?thesis
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   623
  proof (intro exI conjI)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   624
    show "0 < inverse x" by simp
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   625
    show "inverse x \<notin> inverse_set A"
14377
f454b3004f8f tidying up, especially the Complex numbers
paulson
parents: 14369
diff changeset
   626
    proof -
f454b3004f8f tidying up, especially the Complex numbers
paulson
parents: 14369
diff changeset
   627
      { fix y::rat 
f454b3004f8f tidying up, especially the Complex numbers
paulson
parents: 14369
diff changeset
   628
	assume ygt: "inverse x < y"
f454b3004f8f tidying up, especially the Complex numbers
paulson
parents: 14369
diff changeset
   629
	have [simp]: "0 < y" by (simp add: order_less_trans [OF _ ygt])
f454b3004f8f tidying up, especially the Complex numbers
paulson
parents: 14369
diff changeset
   630
	have iyless: "inverse y < x" 
f454b3004f8f tidying up, especially the Complex numbers
paulson
parents: 14369
diff changeset
   631
	  by (simp add: inverse_less_imp_less [of x] ygt)
f454b3004f8f tidying up, especially the Complex numbers
paulson
parents: 14369
diff changeset
   632
	have "inverse y \<in> A"
f454b3004f8f tidying up, especially the Complex numbers
paulson
parents: 14369
diff changeset
   633
	  by (simp add: preal_downwards_closed [OF A x] iyless)}
f454b3004f8f tidying up, especially the Complex numbers
paulson
parents: 14369
diff changeset
   634
     thus ?thesis by (auto simp add: inverse_set_def)
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   635
    qed
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   636
  qed
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   637
qed
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   638
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   639
lemma inverse_set_not_rat_set:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   640
   assumes A: "A \<in> preal"  shows "inverse_set A < {r. 0 < r}"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   641
proof
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   642
  show "inverse_set A \<subseteq> {r. 0 < r}"  by (force simp add: inverse_set_def)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   643
next
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   644
  show "inverse_set A \<noteq> {r. 0 < r}"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   645
    by (insert preal_not_mem_inverse_set_Ex [OF A], blast)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   646
qed
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   647
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   648
text{*Part 3 of Dedekind sections definition*}
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   649
lemma inverse_set_lemma3:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   650
     "[|A \<in> preal; u \<in> inverse_set A; 0 < z; z < u|] 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   651
      ==> z \<in> inverse_set A"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   652
apply (auto simp add: inverse_set_def)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   653
apply (auto intro: order_less_trans)
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   654
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   655
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   656
text{*Part 4 of Dedekind sections definition*}
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   657
lemma inverse_set_lemma4:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   658
     "[|A \<in> preal; y \<in> inverse_set A|] ==> \<exists>u \<in> inverse_set A. y < u"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   659
apply (auto simp add: inverse_set_def)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   660
apply (drule dense [of y]) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   661
apply (blast intro: order_less_trans)
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   662
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   663
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   664
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   665
lemma mem_inverse_set:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   666
     "A \<in> preal ==> inverse_set A \<in> preal"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   667
apply (simp (no_asm_simp) add: preal_def cut_def)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   668
apply (blast intro!: inverse_set_not_empty inverse_set_not_rat_set
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   669
                     inverse_set_lemma3 inverse_set_lemma4)
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   670
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   671
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   672
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   673
subsection{*Gleason's Lemma 9-3.4, page 122*}
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   674
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   675
lemma Gleason9_34_exists:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   676
  assumes A: "A \<in> preal"
19765
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   677
    and "\<forall>x\<in>A. x + u \<in> A"
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   678
    and "0 \<le> z"
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   679
  shows "\<exists>b\<in>A. b + (of_int z) * u \<in> A"
14369
c50188fe6366 tidying up arithmetic for the hyperreals
paulson
parents: 14365
diff changeset
   680
proof (cases z rule: int_cases)
c50188fe6366 tidying up arithmetic for the hyperreals
paulson
parents: 14365
diff changeset
   681
  case (nonneg n)
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   682
  show ?thesis
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   683
  proof (simp add: prems, induct n)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   684
    case 0
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   685
      from preal_nonempty [OF A]
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   686
      show ?case  by force 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   687
    case (Suc k)
15013
34264f5e4691 new treatment of binary numerals
paulson
parents: 14738
diff changeset
   688
      from this obtain b where "b \<in> A" "b + of_nat k * u \<in> A" ..
14378
69c4d5997669 generic of_nat and of_int functions, and generalization of iszero
paulson
parents: 14377
diff changeset
   689
      hence "b + of_int (int k)*u + u \<in> A" by (simp add: prems)
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   690
      thus ?case by (force simp add: left_distrib add_ac prems) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   691
  qed
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   692
next
14369
c50188fe6366 tidying up arithmetic for the hyperreals
paulson
parents: 14365
diff changeset
   693
  case (neg n)
c50188fe6366 tidying up arithmetic for the hyperreals
paulson
parents: 14365
diff changeset
   694
  with prems show ?thesis by simp
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   695
qed
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   696
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   697
lemma Gleason9_34_contra:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   698
  assumes A: "A \<in> preal"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   699
    shows "[|\<forall>x\<in>A. x + u \<in> A; 0 < u; 0 < y; y \<notin> A|] ==> False"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   700
proof (induct u, induct y)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   701
  fix a::int and b::int
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   702
  fix c::int and d::int
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   703
  assume bpos [simp]: "0 < b"
19765
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   704
    and dpos [simp]: "0 < d"
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   705
    and closed: "\<forall>x\<in>A. x + (Fract c d) \<in> A"
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   706
    and upos: "0 < Fract c d"
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   707
    and ypos: "0 < Fract a b"
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   708
    and notin: "Fract a b \<notin> A"
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   709
  have cpos [simp]: "0 < c" 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   710
    by (simp add: zero_less_Fract_iff [OF dpos, symmetric] upos) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   711
  have apos [simp]: "0 < a" 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   712
    by (simp add: zero_less_Fract_iff [OF bpos, symmetric] ypos) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   713
  let ?k = "a*d"
14378
69c4d5997669 generic of_nat and of_int functions, and generalization of iszero
paulson
parents: 14377
diff changeset
   714
  have frle: "Fract a b \<le> Fract ?k 1 * (Fract c d)" 
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   715
  proof -
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   716
    have "?thesis = ((a * d * b * d) \<le> c * b * (a * d * b * d))"
14378
69c4d5997669 generic of_nat and of_int functions, and generalization of iszero
paulson
parents: 14377
diff changeset
   717
      by (simp add: mult_rat le_rat order_less_imp_not_eq2 mult_ac) 
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   718
    moreover
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   719
    have "(1 * (a * d * b * d)) \<le> c * b * (a * d * b * d)"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   720
      by (rule mult_mono, 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   721
          simp_all add: int_one_le_iff_zero_less zero_less_mult_iff 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   722
                        order_less_imp_le)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   723
    ultimately
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   724
    show ?thesis by simp
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   725
  qed
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   726
  have k: "0 \<le> ?k" by (simp add: order_less_imp_le zero_less_mult_iff)  
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   727
  from Gleason9_34_exists [OF A closed k]
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   728
  obtain z where z: "z \<in> A" 
14378
69c4d5997669 generic of_nat and of_int functions, and generalization of iszero
paulson
parents: 14377
diff changeset
   729
             and mem: "z + of_int ?k * Fract c d \<in> A" ..
69c4d5997669 generic of_nat and of_int functions, and generalization of iszero
paulson
parents: 14377
diff changeset
   730
  have less: "z + of_int ?k * Fract c d < Fract a b"
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   731
    by (rule not_in_preal_ub [OF A notin mem ypos])
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   732
  have "0<z" by (rule preal_imp_pos [OF A z])
14378
69c4d5997669 generic of_nat and of_int functions, and generalization of iszero
paulson
parents: 14377
diff changeset
   733
  with frle and less show False by (simp add: Fract_of_int_eq) 
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   734
qed
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   735
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   736
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   737
lemma Gleason9_34:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   738
  assumes A: "A \<in> preal"
19765
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   739
    and upos: "0 < u"
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   740
  shows "\<exists>r \<in> A. r + u \<notin> A"
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   741
proof (rule ccontr, simp)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   742
  assume closed: "\<forall>r\<in>A. r + u \<in> A"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   743
  from preal_exists_bound [OF A]
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   744
  obtain y where y: "y \<notin> A" and ypos: "0 < y" by blast
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   745
  show False
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   746
    by (rule Gleason9_34_contra [OF A closed upos ypos y])
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   747
qed
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   748
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   749
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   750
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   751
subsection{*Gleason's Lemma 9-3.6*}
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   752
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   753
lemma lemma_gleason9_36:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   754
  assumes A: "A \<in> preal"
19765
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   755
    and x: "1 < x"
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   756
  shows "\<exists>r \<in> A. r*x \<notin> A"
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   757
proof -
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   758
  from preal_nonempty [OF A]
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   759
  obtain y where y: "y \<in> A" and  ypos: "0<y" ..
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   760
  show ?thesis 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   761
  proof (rule classical)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   762
    assume "~(\<exists>r\<in>A. r * x \<notin> A)"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   763
    with y have ymem: "y * x \<in> A" by blast 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   764
    from ypos mult_strict_left_mono [OF x]
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   765
    have yless: "y < y*x" by simp 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   766
    let ?d = "y*x - y"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   767
    from yless have dpos: "0 < ?d" and eq: "y + ?d = y*x" by auto
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   768
    from Gleason9_34 [OF A dpos]
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   769
    obtain r where r: "r\<in>A" and notin: "r + ?d \<notin> A" ..
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   770
    have rpos: "0<r" by (rule preal_imp_pos [OF A r])
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   771
    with dpos have rdpos: "0 < r + ?d" by arith
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   772
    have "~ (r + ?d \<le> y + ?d)"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   773
    proof
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   774
      assume le: "r + ?d \<le> y + ?d" 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   775
      from ymem have yd: "y + ?d \<in> A" by (simp add: eq)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   776
      have "r + ?d \<in> A" by (rule preal_downwards_closed' [OF A yd rdpos le])
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   777
      with notin show False by simp
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   778
    qed
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   779
    hence "y < r" by simp
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   780
    with ypos have  dless: "?d < (r * ?d)/y"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   781
      by (simp add: pos_less_divide_eq mult_commute [of ?d]
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   782
                    mult_strict_right_mono dpos)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   783
    have "r + ?d < r*x"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   784
    proof -
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   785
      have "r + ?d < r + (r * ?d)/y" by (simp add: dless)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   786
      also with ypos have "... = (r/y) * (y + ?d)"
14430
5cb24165a2e1 new material from Avigad, and simplified treatment of division by 0
paulson
parents: 14387
diff changeset
   787
	by (simp only: right_distrib divide_inverse mult_ac, simp)
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   788
      also have "... = r*x" using ypos
15234
ec91a90c604e simplification tweaks for better arithmetic reasoning
paulson
parents: 15140
diff changeset
   789
	by (simp add: times_divide_eq_left) 
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   790
      finally show "r + ?d < r*x" .
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   791
    qed
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   792
    with r notin rdpos
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   793
    show "\<exists>r\<in>A. r * x \<notin> A" by (blast dest:  preal_downwards_closed [OF A])
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   794
  qed  
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   795
qed
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   796
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   797
subsection{*Existence of Inverse: Part 2*}
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   798
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   799
lemma mem_Rep_preal_inverse_iff:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   800
      "(z \<in> Rep_preal(inverse R)) = 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   801
       (0 < z \<and> (\<exists>y. z < y \<and> inverse y \<notin> Rep_preal R))"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   802
apply (simp add: preal_inverse_def mem_inverse_set Rep_preal)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   803
apply (simp add: inverse_set_def) 
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   804
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   805
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   806
lemma Rep_preal_of_rat:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   807
     "0 < q ==> Rep_preal (preal_of_rat q) = {x. 0 < x \<and> x < q}"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   808
by (simp add: preal_of_rat_def rat_mem_preal) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   809
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   810
lemma subset_inverse_mult_lemma:
19765
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   811
  assumes xpos: "0 < x" and xless: "x < 1"
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   812
  shows "\<exists>r u y. 0 < r & r < y & inverse y \<notin> Rep_preal R & 
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   813
    u \<in> Rep_preal R & x = r * u"
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   814
proof -
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   815
  from xpos and xless have "1 < inverse x" by (simp add: one_less_inverse_iff)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   816
  from lemma_gleason9_36 [OF Rep_preal this]
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   817
  obtain r where r: "r \<in> Rep_preal R" 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   818
             and notin: "r * (inverse x) \<notin> Rep_preal R" ..
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   819
  have rpos: "0<r" by (rule preal_imp_pos [OF Rep_preal r])
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   820
  from preal_exists_greater [OF Rep_preal r]
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   821
  obtain u where u: "u \<in> Rep_preal R" and rless: "r < u" ..
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   822
  have upos: "0<u" by (rule preal_imp_pos [OF Rep_preal u])
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   823
  show ?thesis
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   824
  proof (intro exI conjI)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   825
    show "0 < x/u" using xpos upos
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   826
      by (simp add: zero_less_divide_iff)  
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   827
    show "x/u < x/r" using xpos upos rpos
14430
5cb24165a2e1 new material from Avigad, and simplified treatment of division by 0
paulson
parents: 14387
diff changeset
   828
      by (simp add: divide_inverse mult_less_cancel_left rless) 
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   829
    show "inverse (x / r) \<notin> Rep_preal R" using notin
14430
5cb24165a2e1 new material from Avigad, and simplified treatment of division by 0
paulson
parents: 14387
diff changeset
   830
      by (simp add: divide_inverse mult_commute) 
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   831
    show "u \<in> Rep_preal R" by (rule u) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   832
    show "x = x / u * u" using upos 
14430
5cb24165a2e1 new material from Avigad, and simplified treatment of division by 0
paulson
parents: 14387
diff changeset
   833
      by (simp add: divide_inverse mult_commute) 
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   834
  qed
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   835
qed
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   836
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   837
lemma subset_inverse_mult: 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   838
     "Rep_preal(preal_of_rat 1) \<subseteq> Rep_preal(inverse R * R)"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   839
apply (auto simp add: Bex_def Rep_preal_of_rat mem_Rep_preal_inverse_iff 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   840
                      mem_Rep_preal_mult_iff)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   841
apply (blast dest: subset_inverse_mult_lemma) 
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   842
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   843
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   844
lemma inverse_mult_subset_lemma:
19765
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   845
  assumes rpos: "0 < r" 
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   846
    and rless: "r < y"
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   847
    and notin: "inverse y \<notin> Rep_preal R"
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   848
    and q: "q \<in> Rep_preal R"
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   849
  shows "r*q < 1"
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   850
proof -
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   851
  have "q < inverse y" using rpos rless
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   852
    by (simp add: not_in_preal_ub [OF Rep_preal notin] q)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   853
  hence "r * q < r/y" using rpos
14430
5cb24165a2e1 new material from Avigad, and simplified treatment of division by 0
paulson
parents: 14387
diff changeset
   854
    by (simp add: divide_inverse mult_less_cancel_left)
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   855
  also have "... \<le> 1" using rpos rless
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   856
    by (simp add: pos_divide_le_eq)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   857
  finally show ?thesis .
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   858
qed
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   859
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   860
lemma inverse_mult_subset:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   861
     "Rep_preal(inverse R * R) \<subseteq> Rep_preal(preal_of_rat 1)"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   862
apply (auto simp add: Bex_def Rep_preal_of_rat mem_Rep_preal_inverse_iff 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   863
                      mem_Rep_preal_mult_iff)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   864
apply (simp add: zero_less_mult_iff preal_imp_pos [OF Rep_preal]) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   865
apply (blast intro: inverse_mult_subset_lemma) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   866
done
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   867
15413
901d1bfedf09 removal of archaic Abs/Rep proofs
paulson
parents: 15234
diff changeset
   868
lemma preal_mult_inverse: "inverse R * R = (preal_of_rat 1)"
901d1bfedf09 removal of archaic Abs/Rep proofs
paulson
parents: 15234
diff changeset
   869
apply (rule Rep_preal_inject [THEN iffD1])
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   870
apply (rule equalityI [OF inverse_mult_subset subset_inverse_mult]) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   871
done
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   872
15413
901d1bfedf09 removal of archaic Abs/Rep proofs
paulson
parents: 15234
diff changeset
   873
lemma preal_mult_inverse_right: "R * inverse R = (preal_of_rat 1)"
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   874
apply (rule preal_mult_commute [THEN subst])
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   875
apply (rule preal_mult_inverse)
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   876
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   877
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   878
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   879
text{*Theorems needing @{text Gleason9_34}*}
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   880
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   881
lemma Rep_preal_self_subset: "Rep_preal (R) \<subseteq> Rep_preal(R + S)"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   882
proof 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   883
  fix r
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   884
  assume r: "r \<in> Rep_preal R"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   885
  have rpos: "0<r" by (rule preal_imp_pos [OF Rep_preal r])
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   886
  from mem_Rep_preal_Ex 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   887
  obtain y where y: "y \<in> Rep_preal S" ..
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   888
  have ypos: "0<y" by (rule preal_imp_pos [OF Rep_preal y])
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   889
  have ry: "r+y \<in> Rep_preal(R + S)" using r y
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   890
    by (auto simp add: mem_Rep_preal_add_iff)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   891
  show "r \<in> Rep_preal(R + S)" using r ypos rpos 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   892
    by (simp add:  preal_downwards_closed [OF Rep_preal ry]) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   893
qed
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   894
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   895
lemma Rep_preal_sum_not_subset: "~ Rep_preal (R + S) \<subseteq> Rep_preal(R)"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   896
proof -
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   897
  from mem_Rep_preal_Ex 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   898
  obtain y where y: "y \<in> Rep_preal S" ..
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   899
  have ypos: "0<y" by (rule preal_imp_pos [OF Rep_preal y])
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   900
  from  Gleason9_34 [OF Rep_preal ypos]
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   901
  obtain r where r: "r \<in> Rep_preal R" and notin: "r + y \<notin> Rep_preal R" ..
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   902
  have "r + y \<in> Rep_preal (R + S)" using r y
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   903
    by (auto simp add: mem_Rep_preal_add_iff)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   904
  thus ?thesis using notin by blast
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   905
qed
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   906
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   907
lemma Rep_preal_sum_not_eq: "Rep_preal (R + S) \<noteq> Rep_preal(R)"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   908
by (insert Rep_preal_sum_not_subset, blast)
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   909
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   910
text{*at last, Gleason prop. 9-3.5(iii) page 123*}
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   911
lemma preal_self_less_add_left: "(R::preal) < R + S"
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   912
apply (unfold preal_less_def psubset_def)
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   913
apply (simp add: Rep_preal_self_subset Rep_preal_sum_not_eq [THEN not_sym])
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   914
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   915
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   916
lemma preal_self_less_add_right: "(R::preal) < S + R"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   917
by (simp add: preal_add_commute preal_self_less_add_left)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   918
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   919
lemma preal_not_eq_self: "x \<noteq> x + (y::preal)"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   920
by (insert preal_self_less_add_left [of x y], auto)
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   921
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   922
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   923
subsection{*Subtraction for Positive Reals*}
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   924
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   925
text{*Gleason prop. 9-3.5(iv), page 123: proving @{term "A < B ==> \<exists>D. A + D =
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   926
B"}. We define the claimed @{term D} and show that it is a positive real*}
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   927
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   928
text{*Part 1 of Dedekind sections definition*}
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   929
lemma diff_set_not_empty:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   930
     "R < S ==> {} \<subset> diff_set (Rep_preal S) (Rep_preal R)"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   931
apply (auto simp add: preal_less_def diff_set_def elim!: equalityE) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   932
apply (frule_tac x1 = S in Rep_preal [THEN preal_exists_greater])
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   933
apply (drule preal_imp_pos [OF Rep_preal], clarify)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   934
apply (cut_tac a=x and b=u in add_eq_exists, force) 
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   935
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   936
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   937
text{*Part 2 of Dedekind sections definition*}
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   938
lemma diff_set_nonempty:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   939
     "\<exists>q. 0 < q & q \<notin> diff_set (Rep_preal S) (Rep_preal R)"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   940
apply (cut_tac X = S in Rep_preal_exists_bound)
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   941
apply (erule exE)
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   942
apply (rule_tac x = x in exI, auto)
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   943
apply (simp add: diff_set_def) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   944
apply (auto dest: Rep_preal [THEN preal_downwards_closed])
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   945
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   946
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   947
lemma diff_set_not_rat_set:
19765
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   948
  "diff_set (Rep_preal S) (Rep_preal R) < {r. 0 < r}" (is "?lhs < ?rhs")
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   949
proof
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   950
  show "?lhs \<subseteq> ?rhs" by (auto simp add: diff_set_def) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   951
  show "?lhs \<noteq> ?rhs" using diff_set_nonempty by blast
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   952
qed
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   953
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   954
text{*Part 3 of Dedekind sections definition*}
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   955
lemma diff_set_lemma3:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   956
     "[|R < S; u \<in> diff_set (Rep_preal S) (Rep_preal R); 0 < z; z < u|] 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   957
      ==> z \<in> diff_set (Rep_preal S) (Rep_preal R)"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   958
apply (auto simp add: diff_set_def) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   959
apply (rule_tac x=x in exI) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   960
apply (drule Rep_preal [THEN preal_downwards_closed], auto)
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   961
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   962
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   963
text{*Part 4 of Dedekind sections definition*}
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   964
lemma diff_set_lemma4:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   965
     "[|R < S; y \<in> diff_set (Rep_preal S) (Rep_preal R)|] 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   966
      ==> \<exists>u \<in> diff_set (Rep_preal S) (Rep_preal R). y < u"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   967
apply (auto simp add: diff_set_def) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   968
apply (drule Rep_preal [THEN preal_exists_greater], clarify) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   969
apply (cut_tac a="x+y" and b=u in add_eq_exists, clarify)  
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   970
apply (rule_tac x="y+xa" in exI) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   971
apply (auto simp add: add_ac)
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   972
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   973
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   974
lemma mem_diff_set:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   975
     "R < S ==> diff_set (Rep_preal S) (Rep_preal R) \<in> preal"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   976
apply (unfold preal_def cut_def)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   977
apply (blast intro!: diff_set_not_empty diff_set_not_rat_set
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   978
                     diff_set_lemma3 diff_set_lemma4)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   979
done
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   980
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   981
lemma mem_Rep_preal_diff_iff:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   982
      "R < S ==>
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   983
       (z \<in> Rep_preal(S-R)) = 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   984
       (\<exists>x. 0 < x & 0 < z & x \<notin> Rep_preal R & x + z \<in> Rep_preal S)"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   985
apply (simp add: preal_diff_def mem_diff_set Rep_preal)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   986
apply (force simp add: diff_set_def) 
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   987
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
   988
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   989
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   990
text{*proving that @{term "R + D \<le> S"}*}
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   991
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   992
lemma less_add_left_lemma:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   993
  assumes Rless: "R < S"
19765
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   994
    and a: "a \<in> Rep_preal R"
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   995
    and cb: "c + b \<in> Rep_preal S"
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   996
    and "c \<notin> Rep_preal R"
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   997
    and "0 < b"
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
   998
    and "0 < c"
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
   999
  shows "a + b \<in> Rep_preal S"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1000
proof -
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1001
  have "0<a" by (rule preal_imp_pos [OF Rep_preal a])
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1002
  moreover
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1003
  have "a < c" using prems
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1004
    by (blast intro: not_in_Rep_preal_ub ) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1005
  ultimately show ?thesis using prems
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1006
    by (simp add: preal_downwards_closed [OF Rep_preal cb]) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1007
qed
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1008
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1009
lemma less_add_left_le1:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1010
       "R < (S::preal) ==> R + (S-R) \<le> S"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1011
apply (auto simp add: Bex_def preal_le_def mem_Rep_preal_add_iff 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1012
                      mem_Rep_preal_diff_iff)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1013
apply (blast intro: less_add_left_lemma) 
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1014
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1015
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1016
subsection{*proving that @{term "S \<le> R + D"} --- trickier*}
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1017
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1018
lemma lemma_sum_mem_Rep_preal_ex:
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1019
     "x \<in> Rep_preal S ==> \<exists>e. 0 < e & x + e \<in> Rep_preal S"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1020
apply (drule Rep_preal [THEN preal_exists_greater], clarify) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1021
apply (cut_tac a=x and b=u in add_eq_exists, auto) 
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1022
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1023
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1024
lemma less_add_left_lemma2:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1025
  assumes Rless: "R < S"
19765
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
  1026
    and x:     "x \<in> Rep_preal S"
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
  1027
    and xnot: "x \<notin>  Rep_preal R"
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1028
  shows "\<exists>u v z. 0 < v & 0 < z & u \<in> Rep_preal R & z \<notin> Rep_preal R & 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1029
                     z + v \<in> Rep_preal S & x = u + v"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1030
proof -
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1031
  have xpos: "0<x" by (rule preal_imp_pos [OF Rep_preal x])
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1032
  from lemma_sum_mem_Rep_preal_ex [OF x]
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1033
  obtain e where epos: "0 < e" and xe: "x + e \<in> Rep_preal S" by blast
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1034
  from  Gleason9_34 [OF Rep_preal epos]
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1035
  obtain r where r: "r \<in> Rep_preal R" and notin: "r + e \<notin> Rep_preal R" ..
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1036
  with x xnot xpos have rless: "r < x" by (blast intro: not_in_Rep_preal_ub)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1037
  from add_eq_exists [of r x]
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1038
  obtain y where eq: "x = r+y" by auto
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1039
  show ?thesis 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1040
  proof (intro exI conjI)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1041
    show "r \<in> Rep_preal R" by (rule r)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1042
    show "r + e \<notin> Rep_preal R" by (rule notin)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1043
    show "r + e + y \<in> Rep_preal S" using xe eq by (simp add: add_ac)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1044
    show "x = r + y" by (simp add: eq)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1045
    show "0 < r + e" using epos preal_imp_pos [OF Rep_preal r]
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1046
      by simp
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1047
    show "0 < y" using rless eq by arith
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1048
  qed
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1049
qed
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1050
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1051
lemma less_add_left_le2: "R < (S::preal) ==> S \<le> R + (S-R)"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1052
apply (auto simp add: preal_le_def)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1053
apply (case_tac "x \<in> Rep_preal R")
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1054
apply (cut_tac Rep_preal_self_subset [of R], force)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1055
apply (auto simp add: Bex_def mem_Rep_preal_add_iff mem_Rep_preal_diff_iff)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1056
apply (blast dest: less_add_left_lemma2)
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1057
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1058
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1059
lemma less_add_left: "R < (S::preal) ==> R + (S-R) = S"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1060
by (blast intro: preal_le_anti_sym [OF less_add_left_le1 less_add_left_le2])
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1061
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1062
lemma less_add_left_Ex: "R < (S::preal) ==> \<exists>D. R + D = S"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1063
by (fast dest: less_add_left)
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1064
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1065
lemma preal_add_less2_mono1: "R < (S::preal) ==> R + T < S + T"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1066
apply (auto dest!: less_add_left_Ex simp add: preal_add_assoc)
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1067
apply (rule_tac y1 = D in preal_add_commute [THEN subst])
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1068
apply (auto intro: preal_self_less_add_left simp add: preal_add_assoc [symmetric])
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1069
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1070
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1071
lemma preal_add_less2_mono2: "R < (S::preal) ==> T + R < T + S"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1072
by (auto intro: preal_add_less2_mono1 simp add: preal_add_commute [of T])
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1073
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1074
lemma preal_add_right_less_cancel: "R + T < S + T ==> R < (S::preal)"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1075
apply (insert linorder_less_linear [of R S], auto)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1076
apply (drule_tac R = S and T = T in preal_add_less2_mono1)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1077
apply (blast dest: order_less_trans) 
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1078
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1079
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1080
lemma preal_add_left_less_cancel: "T + R < T + S ==> R <  (S::preal)"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1081
by (auto elim: preal_add_right_less_cancel simp add: preal_add_commute [of T])
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1082
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1083
lemma preal_add_less_cancel_right: "((R::preal) + T < S + T) = (R < S)"
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1084
by (blast intro: preal_add_less2_mono1 preal_add_right_less_cancel)
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1085
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1086
lemma preal_add_less_cancel_left: "(T + (R::preal) < T + S) = (R < S)"
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1087
by (blast intro: preal_add_less2_mono2 preal_add_left_less_cancel)
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1088
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1089
lemma preal_add_le_cancel_right: "((R::preal) + T \<le> S + T) = (R \<le> S)"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1090
by (simp add: linorder_not_less [symmetric] preal_add_less_cancel_right) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1091
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1092
lemma preal_add_le_cancel_left: "(T + (R::preal) \<le> T + S) = (R \<le> S)"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1093
by (simp add: linorder_not_less [symmetric] preal_add_less_cancel_left) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1094
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1095
lemma preal_add_less_mono:
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1096
     "[| x1 < y1; x2 < y2 |] ==> x1 + x2 < y1 + (y2::preal)"
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1097
apply (auto dest!: less_add_left_Ex simp add: preal_add_ac)
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1098
apply (rule preal_add_assoc [THEN subst])
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1099
apply (rule preal_self_less_add_right)
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1100
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1101
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1102
lemma preal_add_right_cancel: "(R::preal) + T = S + T ==> R = S"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1103
apply (insert linorder_less_linear [of R S], safe)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1104
apply (drule_tac [!] T = T in preal_add_less2_mono1, auto)
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1105
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1106
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1107
lemma preal_add_left_cancel: "C + A = C + B ==> A = (B::preal)"
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1108
by (auto intro: preal_add_right_cancel simp add: preal_add_commute)
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1109
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1110
lemma preal_add_left_cancel_iff: "(C + A = C + B) = ((A::preal) = B)"
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1111
by (fast intro: preal_add_left_cancel)
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1112
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1113
lemma preal_add_right_cancel_iff: "(A + C = B + C) = ((A::preal) = B)"
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1114
by (fast intro: preal_add_right_cancel)
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1115
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1116
lemmas preal_cancels =
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1117
    preal_add_less_cancel_right preal_add_less_cancel_left
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1118
    preal_add_le_cancel_right preal_add_le_cancel_left
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1119
    preal_add_left_cancel_iff preal_add_right_cancel_iff
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1120
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1121
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1122
subsection{*Completeness of type @{typ preal}*}
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1123
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1124
text{*Prove that supremum is a cut*}
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1125
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1126
text{*Part 1 of Dedekind sections definition*}
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1127
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1128
lemma preal_sup_set_not_empty:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1129
     "P \<noteq> {} ==> {} \<subset> (\<Union>X \<in> P. Rep_preal(X))"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1130
apply auto
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1131
apply (cut_tac X = x in mem_Rep_preal_Ex, auto)
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1132
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1133
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1134
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1135
text{*Part 2 of Dedekind sections definition*}
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1136
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1137
lemma preal_sup_not_exists:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1138
     "\<forall>X \<in> P. X \<le> Y ==> \<exists>q. 0 < q & q \<notin> (\<Union>X \<in> P. Rep_preal(X))"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1139
apply (cut_tac X = Y in Rep_preal_exists_bound)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1140
apply (auto simp add: preal_le_def)
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1141
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1142
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1143
lemma preal_sup_set_not_rat_set:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1144
     "\<forall>X \<in> P. X \<le> Y ==> (\<Union>X \<in> P. Rep_preal(X)) < {r. 0 < r}"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1145
apply (drule preal_sup_not_exists)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1146
apply (blast intro: preal_imp_pos [OF Rep_preal])  
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1147
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1148
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1149
text{*Part 3 of Dedekind sections definition*}
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1150
lemma preal_sup_set_lemma3:
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1151
     "[|P \<noteq> {}; \<forall>X \<in> P. X \<le> Y; u \<in> (\<Union>X \<in> P. Rep_preal(X)); 0 < z; z < u|]
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1152
      ==> z \<in> (\<Union>X \<in> P. Rep_preal(X))"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1153
by (auto elim: Rep_preal [THEN preal_downwards_closed])
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1154
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1155
text{*Part 4 of Dedekind sections definition*}
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1156
lemma preal_sup_set_lemma4:
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1157
     "[|P \<noteq> {}; \<forall>X \<in> P. X \<le> Y; y \<in> (\<Union>X \<in> P. Rep_preal(X)) |]
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1158
          ==> \<exists>u \<in> (\<Union>X \<in> P. Rep_preal(X)). y < u"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1159
by (blast dest: Rep_preal [THEN preal_exists_greater])
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1160
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1161
lemma preal_sup:
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1162
     "[|P \<noteq> {}; \<forall>X \<in> P. X \<le> Y|] ==> (\<Union>X \<in> P. Rep_preal(X)) \<in> preal"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1163
apply (unfold preal_def cut_def)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1164
apply (blast intro!: preal_sup_set_not_empty preal_sup_set_not_rat_set
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1165
                     preal_sup_set_lemma3 preal_sup_set_lemma4)
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1166
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1167
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1168
lemma preal_psup_le:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1169
     "[| \<forall>X \<in> P. X \<le> Y;  x \<in> P |] ==> x \<le> psup P"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1170
apply (simp (no_asm_simp) add: preal_le_def) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1171
apply (subgoal_tac "P \<noteq> {}") 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1172
apply (auto simp add: psup_def preal_sup) 
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1173
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1174
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1175
lemma psup_le_ub: "[| P \<noteq> {}; \<forall>X \<in> P. X \<le> Y |] ==> psup P \<le> Y"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1176
apply (simp (no_asm_simp) add: preal_le_def)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1177
apply (simp add: psup_def preal_sup) 
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1178
apply (auto simp add: preal_le_def)
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1179
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1180
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1181
text{*Supremum property*}
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1182
lemma preal_complete:
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1183
     "[| P \<noteq> {}; \<forall>X \<in> P. X \<le> Y |] ==> (\<exists>X \<in> P. Z < X) = (Z < psup P)"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1184
apply (simp add: preal_less_def psup_def preal_sup)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1185
apply (auto simp add: preal_le_def)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1186
apply (rename_tac U) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1187
apply (cut_tac x = U and y = Z in linorder_less_linear)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1188
apply (auto simp add: preal_less_def)
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1189
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1190
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1191
20495
73c8ce86eb21 cleaned up
huffman
parents: 19765
diff changeset
  1192
subsection{*The Embedding from @{typ rat} into @{typ preal}*}
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1193
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1194
lemma preal_of_rat_add_lemma1:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1195
     "[|x < y + z; 0 < x; 0 < y|] ==> x * y * inverse (y + z) < (y::rat)"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1196
apply (frule_tac c = "y * inverse (y + z) " in mult_strict_right_mono)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1197
apply (simp add: zero_less_mult_iff) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1198
apply (simp add: mult_ac)
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1199
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1200
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1201
lemma preal_of_rat_add_lemma2:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1202
  assumes "u < x + y"
19765
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
  1203
    and "0 < x"
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
  1204
    and "0 < y"
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
  1205
    and "0 < u"
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1206
  shows "\<exists>v w::rat. w < y & 0 < v & v < x & 0 < w & u = v + w"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1207
proof (intro exI conjI)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1208
  show "u * x * inverse(x+y) < x" using prems 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1209
    by (simp add: preal_of_rat_add_lemma1) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1210
  show "u * y * inverse(x+y) < y" using prems 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1211
    by (simp add: preal_of_rat_add_lemma1 add_commute [of x]) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1212
  show "0 < u * x * inverse (x + y)" using prems
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1213
    by (simp add: zero_less_mult_iff) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1214
  show "0 < u * y * inverse (x + y)" using prems
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1215
    by (simp add: zero_less_mult_iff) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1216
  show "u = u * x * inverse (x + y) + u * y * inverse (x + y)" using prems
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1217
    by (simp add: left_distrib [symmetric] right_distrib [symmetric] mult_ac)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1218
qed
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1219
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1220
lemma preal_of_rat_add:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1221
     "[| 0 < x; 0 < y|] 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1222
      ==> preal_of_rat ((x::rat) + y) = preal_of_rat x + preal_of_rat y"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1223
apply (unfold preal_of_rat_def preal_add_def)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1224
apply (simp add: rat_mem_preal) 
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1225
apply (rule_tac f = Abs_preal in arg_cong)
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1226
apply (auto simp add: add_set_def) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1227
apply (blast dest: preal_of_rat_add_lemma2) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1228
done
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1229
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1230
lemma preal_of_rat_mult_lemma1:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1231
     "[|x < y; 0 < x; 0 < z|] ==> x * z * inverse y < (z::rat)"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1232
apply (frule_tac c = "z * inverse y" in mult_strict_right_mono)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1233
apply (simp add: zero_less_mult_iff)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1234
apply (subgoal_tac "y * (z * inverse y) = z * (y * inverse y)")
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1235
apply (simp_all add: mult_ac)
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1236
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1237
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1238
lemma preal_of_rat_mult_lemma2: 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1239
  assumes xless: "x < y * z"
19765
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
  1240
    and xpos: "0 < x"
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
  1241
    and ypos: "0 < y"
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1242
  shows "x * z * inverse y * inverse z < (z::rat)"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1243
proof -
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1244
  have "0 < y * z" using prems by simp
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1245
  hence zpos:  "0 < z" using prems by (simp add: zero_less_mult_iff)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1246
  have "x * z * inverse y * inverse z = x * inverse y * (z * inverse z)"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1247
    by (simp add: mult_ac)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1248
  also have "... = x/y" using zpos
14430
5cb24165a2e1 new material from Avigad, and simplified treatment of division by 0
paulson
parents: 14387
diff changeset
  1249
    by (simp add: divide_inverse)
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1250
  also have "... < z"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1251
    by (simp add: pos_divide_less_eq [OF ypos] mult_commute) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1252
  finally show ?thesis .
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1253
qed
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1254
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1255
lemma preal_of_rat_mult_lemma3:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1256
  assumes uless: "u < x * y"
19765
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
  1257
    and "0 < x"
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
  1258
    and "0 < y"
dfe940911617 misc cleanup;
wenzelm
parents: 18433
diff changeset
  1259
    and "0 < u"
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1260
  shows "\<exists>v w::rat. v < x & w < y & 0 < v & 0 < w & u = v * w"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1261
proof -
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1262
  from dense [OF uless] 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1263
  obtain r where "u < r" "r < x * y" by blast
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1264
  thus ?thesis
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1265
  proof (intro exI conjI)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1266
  show "u * x * inverse r < x" using prems 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1267
    by (simp add: preal_of_rat_mult_lemma1) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1268
  show "r * y * inverse x * inverse y < y" using prems
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1269
    by (simp add: preal_of_rat_mult_lemma2)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1270
  show "0 < u * x * inverse r" using prems
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1271
    by (simp add: zero_less_mult_iff) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1272
  show "0 < r * y * inverse x * inverse y" using prems
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1273
    by (simp add: zero_less_mult_iff) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1274
  have "u * x * inverse r * (r * y * inverse x * inverse y) =
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1275
        u * (r * inverse r) * (x * inverse x) * (y * inverse y)"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1276
    by (simp only: mult_ac)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1277
  thus "u = u * x * inverse r * (r * y * inverse x * inverse y)" using prems
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1278
    by simp
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1279
  qed
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1280
qed
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1281
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1282
lemma preal_of_rat_mult:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1283
     "[| 0 < x; 0 < y|] 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1284
      ==> preal_of_rat ((x::rat) * y) = preal_of_rat x * preal_of_rat y"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1285
apply (unfold preal_of_rat_def preal_mult_def)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1286
apply (simp add: rat_mem_preal) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1287
apply (rule_tac f = Abs_preal in arg_cong)
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1288
apply (auto simp add: zero_less_mult_iff mult_strict_mono mult_set_def) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1289
apply (blast dest: preal_of_rat_mult_lemma3) 
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1290
done
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1291
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1292
lemma preal_of_rat_less_iff:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1293
      "[| 0 < x; 0 < y|] ==> (preal_of_rat x < preal_of_rat y) = (x < y)"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1294
by (force simp add: preal_of_rat_def preal_less_def rat_mem_preal) 
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1295
14365
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1296
lemma preal_of_rat_le_iff:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1297
      "[| 0 < x; 0 < y|] ==> (preal_of_rat x \<le> preal_of_rat y) = (x \<le> y)"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1298
by (simp add: preal_of_rat_less_iff linorder_not_less [symmetric]) 
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1299
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1300
lemma preal_of_rat_eq_iff:
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1301
      "[| 0 < x; 0 < y|] ==> (preal_of_rat x = preal_of_rat y) = (x = y)"
3d4df8c166ae replacing HOL/Real/PRat, PNat by the rational number development
paulson
parents: 14335
diff changeset
  1302
by (simp add: preal_of_rat_le_iff order_eq_iff) 
14335
9c0b5e081037 conversion of Real/PReal to Isar script;
paulson
parents: 12018
diff changeset
  1303
5078
7b5ea59c0275 Installation of target HOL-Real
paulson
parents:
diff changeset
  1304
end