src/HOL/Option.thy
author huffman
Fri, 30 Mar 2012 15:24:24 +0200
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(*  Title:      HOL/Option.thy
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    Author:     Folklore
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*)
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header {* Datatype option *}
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theory Option
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imports Datatype
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begin
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datatype 'a option = None | Some 'a
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lemma not_None_eq [iff]: "(x ~= None) = (EX y. x = Some y)"
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  by (induct x) auto
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lemma not_Some_eq [iff]: "(ALL y. x ~= Some y) = (x = None)"
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  by (induct x) auto
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text{*Although it may appear that both of these equalities are helpful
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only when applied to assumptions, in practice it seems better to give
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them the uniform iff attribute. *}
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lemma inj_Some [simp]: "inj_on Some A"
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by (rule inj_onI) simp
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lemma option_caseE:
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  assumes c: "(case x of None => P | Some y => Q y)"
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  obtains
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    (None) "x = None" and P
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  | (Some) y where "x = Some y" and "Q y"
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  using c by (cases x) simp_all
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lemma UNIV_option_conv: "UNIV = insert None (range Some)"
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by(auto intro: classical)
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subsubsection {* Operations *}
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primrec the :: "'a option => 'a" where
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"the (Some x) = x"
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primrec set :: "'a option => 'a set" where
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"set None = {}" |
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"set (Some x) = {x}"
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lemma ospec [dest]: "(ALL x:set A. P x) ==> A = Some x ==> P x"
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  by simp
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declaration {* fn _ =>
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  Classical.map_cs (fn cs => cs addSD2 ("ospec", @{thm ospec}))
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*}
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lemma elem_set [iff]: "(x : set xo) = (xo = Some x)"
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  by (cases xo) auto
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lemma set_empty_eq [simp]: "(set xo = {}) = (xo = None)"
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  by (cases xo) auto
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definition map :: "('a \<Rightarrow> 'b) \<Rightarrow> 'a option \<Rightarrow> 'b option" where
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  "map = (%f y. case y of None => None | Some x => Some (f x))"
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lemma option_map_None [simp, code]: "map f None = None"
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  by (simp add: map_def)
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lemma option_map_Some [simp, code]: "map f (Some x) = Some (f x)"
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  by (simp add: map_def)
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lemma option_map_is_None [iff]:
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    "(map f opt = None) = (opt = None)"
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  by (simp add: map_def split add: option.split)
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lemma option_map_eq_Some [iff]:
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    "(map f xo = Some y) = (EX z. xo = Some z & f z = y)"
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  by (simp add: map_def split add: option.split)
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lemma option_map_comp:
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    "map f (map g opt) = map (f o g) opt"
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  by (simp add: map_def split add: option.split)
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lemma option_map_o_sum_case [simp]:
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    "map f o sum_case g h = sum_case (map f o g) (map f o h)"
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  by (rule ext) (simp split: sum.split)
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lemma map_cong: "x = y \<Longrightarrow> (\<And>a. y = Some a \<Longrightarrow> f a = g a) \<Longrightarrow> map f x = map g y"
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by (cases x) auto
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enriched_type map: Option.map proof -
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  fix f g
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  show "Option.map f \<circ> Option.map g = Option.map (f \<circ> g)"
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  proof
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    fix x
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    show "(Option.map f \<circ> Option.map g) x= Option.map (f \<circ> g) x"
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      by (cases x) simp_all
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  qed
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next
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  show "Option.map id = id"
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  proof
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    fix x
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    show "Option.map id x = id x"
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      by (cases x) simp_all
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  qed
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qed
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primrec bind :: "'a option \<Rightarrow> ('a \<Rightarrow> 'b option) \<Rightarrow> 'b option" where
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bind_lzero: "bind None f = None" |
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bind_lunit: "bind (Some x) f = f x"
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lemma bind_runit[simp]: "bind x Some = x"
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by (cases x) auto
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lemma bind_assoc[simp]: "bind (bind x f) g = bind x (\<lambda>y. bind (f y) g)"
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by (cases x) auto
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lemma bind_rzero[simp]: "bind x (\<lambda>x. None) = None"
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by (cases x) auto
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lemma bind_cong: "x = y \<Longrightarrow> (\<And>a. y = Some a \<Longrightarrow> f a = g a) \<Longrightarrow> bind x f = bind y g"
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by (cases x) auto
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hide_const (open) set map bind
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hide_fact (open) map_cong bind_cong
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subsubsection {* Code generator setup *}
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definition is_none :: "'a option \<Rightarrow> bool" where
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  [code_post]: "is_none x \<longleftrightarrow> x = None"
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lemma is_none_code [code]:
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  shows "is_none None \<longleftrightarrow> True"
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    and "is_none (Some x) \<longleftrightarrow> False"
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  unfolding is_none_def by simp_all
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lemma [code_unfold]:
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  "HOL.equal x None \<longleftrightarrow> is_none x"
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  by (simp add: equal is_none_def)
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hide_const (open) is_none
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code_type option
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  (SML "_ option")
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  (OCaml "_ option")
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  (Haskell "Maybe _")
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  (Scala "!Option[(_)]")
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code_const None and Some
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  (SML "NONE" and "SOME")
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  (OCaml "None" and "Some _")
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  (Haskell "Nothing" and "Just")
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  (Scala "!None" and "Some")
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code_instance option :: equal
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  (Haskell -)
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code_const "HOL.equal \<Colon> 'a option \<Rightarrow> 'a option \<Rightarrow> bool"
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  (Haskell infix 4 "==")
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code_reserved SML
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  option NONE SOME
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code_reserved OCaml
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  option None Some
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code_reserved Scala
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  Option None Some
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end