src/HOL/Multivariate_Analysis/L2_Norm.thy
author paulson <lp15@cam.ac.uk>
Tue, 10 Nov 2015 14:18:41 +0000
changeset 61609 77b453bd616f
parent 60974 6a6f15d8fbc4
permissions -rw-r--r--
Coercion "real" now has type nat => real only and is no longer overloaded. Type class "real_of" is gone. Many duplicate theorems removed.
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(*  Title:      HOL/Multivariate_Analysis/L2_Norm.thy
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    Author:     Brian Huffman, Portland State University
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*)
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section \<open>Square root of sum of squares\<close>
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theory L2_Norm
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imports NthRoot
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begin
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definition
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  "setL2 f A = sqrt (\<Sum>i\<in>A. (f i)\<^sup>2)"
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lemma setL2_cong:
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  "\<lbrakk>A = B; \<And>x. x \<in> B \<Longrightarrow> f x = g x\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> setL2 f A = setL2 g B"
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  unfolding setL2_def by simp
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lemma strong_setL2_cong:
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  "\<lbrakk>A = B; \<And>x. x \<in> B =simp=> f x = g x\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> setL2 f A = setL2 g B"
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  unfolding setL2_def simp_implies_def by simp
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lemma setL2_infinite [simp]: "\<not> finite A \<Longrightarrow> setL2 f A = 0"
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  unfolding setL2_def by simp
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lemma setL2_empty [simp]: "setL2 f {} = 0"
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  unfolding setL2_def by simp
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lemma setL2_insert [simp]:
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  "\<lbrakk>finite F; a \<notin> F\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow>
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    setL2 f (insert a F) = sqrt ((f a)\<^sup>2 + (setL2 f F)\<^sup>2)"
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  unfolding setL2_def by (simp add: setsum_nonneg)
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lemma setL2_nonneg [simp]: "0 \<le> setL2 f A"
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  unfolding setL2_def by (simp add: setsum_nonneg)
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lemma setL2_0': "\<forall>a\<in>A. f a = 0 \<Longrightarrow> setL2 f A = 0"
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  unfolding setL2_def by simp
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lemma setL2_constant: "setL2 (\<lambda>x. y) A = sqrt (of_nat (card A)) * \<bar>y\<bar>"
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  unfolding setL2_def by (simp add: real_sqrt_mult)
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lemma setL2_mono:
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  assumes "\<And>i. i \<in> K \<Longrightarrow> f i \<le> g i"
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  assumes "\<And>i. i \<in> K \<Longrightarrow> 0 \<le> f i"
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  shows "setL2 f K \<le> setL2 g K"
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  unfolding setL2_def
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  by (simp add: setsum_nonneg setsum_mono power_mono assms)
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lemma setL2_strict_mono:
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  assumes "finite K" and "K \<noteq> {}"
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  assumes "\<And>i. i \<in> K \<Longrightarrow> f i < g i"
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  assumes "\<And>i. i \<in> K \<Longrightarrow> 0 \<le> f i"
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  shows "setL2 f K < setL2 g K"
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  unfolding setL2_def
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  by (simp add: setsum_strict_mono power_strict_mono assms)
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lemma setL2_right_distrib:
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  "0 \<le> r \<Longrightarrow> r * setL2 f A = setL2 (\<lambda>x. r * f x) A"
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  unfolding setL2_def
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  apply (simp add: power_mult_distrib)
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  apply (simp add: setsum_right_distrib [symmetric])
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  apply (simp add: real_sqrt_mult setsum_nonneg)
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  done
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lemma setL2_left_distrib:
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  "0 \<le> r \<Longrightarrow> setL2 f A * r = setL2 (\<lambda>x. f x * r) A"
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  unfolding setL2_def
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  apply (simp add: power_mult_distrib)
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  apply (simp add: setsum_left_distrib [symmetric])
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  apply (simp add: real_sqrt_mult setsum_nonneg)
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  done
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lemma setL2_eq_0_iff: "finite A \<Longrightarrow> setL2 f A = 0 \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>x\<in>A. f x = 0)"
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  unfolding setL2_def
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  by (simp add: setsum_nonneg setsum_nonneg_eq_0_iff)
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lemma setL2_triangle_ineq:
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  shows "setL2 (\<lambda>i. f i + g i) A \<le> setL2 f A + setL2 g A"
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proof (cases "finite A")
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  case False
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  thus ?thesis by simp
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next
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  case True
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  thus ?thesis
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  proof (induct set: finite)
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    case empty
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    show ?case by simp
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  next
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    case (insert x F)
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    hence "sqrt ((f x + g x)\<^sup>2 + (setL2 (\<lambda>i. f i + g i) F)\<^sup>2) \<le>
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           sqrt ((f x + g x)\<^sup>2 + (setL2 f F + setL2 g F)\<^sup>2)"
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      by (intro real_sqrt_le_mono add_left_mono power_mono insert
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                setL2_nonneg add_increasing zero_le_power2)
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    also have
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      "\<dots> \<le> sqrt ((f x)\<^sup>2 + (setL2 f F)\<^sup>2) + sqrt ((g x)\<^sup>2 + (setL2 g F)\<^sup>2)"
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      by (rule real_sqrt_sum_squares_triangle_ineq)
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    finally show ?case
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      using insert by simp
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  qed
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qed
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lemma sqrt_sum_squares_le_sum:
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  "\<lbrakk>0 \<le> x; 0 \<le> y\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> sqrt (x\<^sup>2 + y\<^sup>2) \<le> x + y"
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  apply (rule power2_le_imp_le)
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  apply (simp add: power2_sum)
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  apply simp
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  done
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lemma setL2_le_setsum [rule_format]:
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  "(\<forall>i\<in>A. 0 \<le> f i) \<longrightarrow> setL2 f A \<le> setsum f A"
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  apply (cases "finite A")
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  apply (induct set: finite)
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  apply simp
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  apply clarsimp
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  apply (erule order_trans [OF sqrt_sum_squares_le_sum])
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  apply simp
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  apply simp
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  apply simp
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  done
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lemma sqrt_sum_squares_le_sum_abs: "sqrt (x\<^sup>2 + y\<^sup>2) \<le> \<bar>x\<bar> + \<bar>y\<bar>"
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  apply (rule power2_le_imp_le)
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  apply (simp add: power2_sum)
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  apply simp
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  done
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lemma setL2_le_setsum_abs: "setL2 f A \<le> (\<Sum>i\<in>A. \<bar>f i\<bar>)"
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  apply (cases "finite A")
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  apply (induct set: finite)
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  apply simp
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  apply simp
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  apply (rule order_trans [OF sqrt_sum_squares_le_sum_abs])
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  apply simp
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  apply simp
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  done
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lemma setL2_mult_ineq_lemma:
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  fixes a b c d :: real
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  shows "2 * (a * c) * (b * d) \<le> a\<^sup>2 * d\<^sup>2 + b\<^sup>2 * c\<^sup>2"
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proof -
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  have "0 \<le> (a * d - b * c)\<^sup>2" by simp
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  also have "\<dots> = a\<^sup>2 * d\<^sup>2 + b\<^sup>2 * c\<^sup>2 - 2 * (a * d) * (b * c)"
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    by (simp only: power2_diff power_mult_distrib)
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  also have "\<dots> = a\<^sup>2 * d\<^sup>2 + b\<^sup>2 * c\<^sup>2 - 2 * (a * c) * (b * d)"
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    by simp
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a1119cf551e8 standardized symbols via "isabelle update_sub_sup", excluding src/Pure and src/Tools/WWW_Find;
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  finally show "2 * (a * c) * (b * d) \<le> a\<^sup>2 * d\<^sup>2 + b\<^sup>2 * c\<^sup>2"
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    by simp
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qed
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lemma setL2_mult_ineq: "(\<Sum>i\<in>A. \<bar>f i\<bar> * \<bar>g i\<bar>) \<le> setL2 f A * setL2 g A"
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  apply (cases "finite A")
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  apply (induct set: finite)
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  apply simp
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  apply (rule power2_le_imp_le, simp)
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  apply (rule order_trans)
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  apply (rule power_mono)
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  apply (erule add_left_mono)
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aefb4a8da31f made mult_nonneg_nonneg a simp rule
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  apply (simp add: setsum_nonneg)
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  apply (simp add: power2_sum)
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  apply (simp add: power_mult_distrib)
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a8cc904a6820 Renamed {left,right}_distrib to distrib_{right,left}.
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  apply (simp add: distrib_left distrib_right)
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  apply (rule ord_le_eq_trans)
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  apply (rule setL2_mult_ineq_lemma)
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  apply simp_all
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  done
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lemma member_le_setL2: "\<lbrakk>finite A; i \<in> A\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> f i \<le> setL2 f A"
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  apply (rule_tac s="insert i (A - {i})" and t="A" in subst)
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  apply fast
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  apply (subst setL2_insert)
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  apply simp
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  apply simp
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  apply simp
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  done
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end