src/HOL/Library/Finite_Lattice.thy
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(* Author: Alessandro Coglio *)
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theory Finite_Lattice
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imports Product_Order
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begin
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text {* A non-empty finite lattice is a complete lattice.
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Since types are never empty in Isabelle/HOL,
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a type of classes @{class finite} and @{class lattice}
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should also have class @{class complete_lattice}.
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A type class is defined
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that extends classes @{class finite} and @{class lattice}
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with the operators @{const bot}, @{const top}, @{const Inf}, and @{const Sup},
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along with assumptions that define these operators
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in terms of the ones of classes @{class finite} and @{class lattice}.
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The resulting class is a subclass of @{class complete_lattice}.
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Classes @{class bot} and @{class top} already include assumptions that suffice
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to define the operators @{const bot} and @{const top} (as proved below),
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and so no explicit assumptions on these two operators are needed
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in the following type class.%
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\footnote{The Isabelle/HOL library does not provide
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syntactic classes for the operators @{const bot} and @{const top}.} *}
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class finite_lattice_complete = finite + lattice + bot + top + Inf + Sup +
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assumes Inf_def: "Inf A = Finite_Set.fold inf top A"
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assumes Sup_def: "Sup A = Finite_Set.fold sup bot A"
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-- "No explicit assumptions on @{const bot} or @{const top}."
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instance finite_lattice_complete \<subseteq> bounded_lattice ..
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-- "This subclass relation eases the proof of the next two lemmas."
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lemma finite_lattice_complete_bot_def:
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  "(bot::'a::finite_lattice_complete) = \<Sqinter>\<^bsub>fin\<^esub>UNIV"
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by (metis finite_UNIV sup_Inf_absorb sup_bot_left iso_tuple_UNIV_I)
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-- "Derived definition of @{const bot}."
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lemma finite_lattice_complete_top_def:
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  "(top::'a::finite_lattice_complete) = \<Squnion>\<^bsub>fin\<^esub>UNIV"
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by (metis finite_UNIV inf_Sup_absorb inf_top_left iso_tuple_UNIV_I)
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-- "Derived definition of @{const top}."
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lemma finite_lattice_complete_Inf_empty:
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  "Inf {} = (top :: 'a::finite_lattice_complete)"
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  by (simp add: Inf_def)
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lemma finite_lattice_complete_Sup_empty:
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  "Sup {} = (bot :: 'a::finite_lattice_complete)"
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  by (simp add: Sup_def)
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lemma finite_lattice_complete_Inf_insert:
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  fixes A :: "'a::finite_lattice_complete set"
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  shows "Inf (insert x A) = inf x (Inf A)"
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proof -
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  interpret comp_fun_idem "inf :: 'a \<Rightarrow> _" by (fact comp_fun_idem_inf)
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  show ?thesis by (simp add: Inf_def)
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qed
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lemma finite_lattice_complete_Sup_insert:
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  fixes A :: "'a::finite_lattice_complete set"
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  shows "Sup (insert x A) = sup x (Sup A)"
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proof -
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  interpret comp_fun_idem "sup :: 'a \<Rightarrow> _" by (fact comp_fun_idem_sup)
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  show ?thesis by (simp add: Sup_def)
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qed
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text {* The definitional assumptions
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on the operators @{const Inf} and @{const Sup}
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of class @{class finite_lattice_complete}
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ensure that they yield infimum and supremum,
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as required for a complete lattice. *}
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lemma finite_lattice_complete_Inf_lower:
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  "(x::'a::finite_lattice_complete) \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> Inf A \<le> x"
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  using finite [of A] by (induct A) (auto simp add: finite_lattice_complete_Inf_insert intro: le_infI2)
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lemma finite_lattice_complete_Inf_greatest:
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  "\<forall>x::'a::finite_lattice_complete \<in> A. z \<le> x \<Longrightarrow> z \<le> Inf A"
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  using finite [of A] by (induct A) (auto simp add: finite_lattice_complete_Inf_empty finite_lattice_complete_Inf_insert)
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lemma finite_lattice_complete_Sup_upper:
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  "(x::'a::finite_lattice_complete) \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> Sup A \<ge> x"
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  using finite [of A] by (induct A) (auto simp add: finite_lattice_complete_Sup_insert intro: le_supI2)
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lemma finite_lattice_complete_Sup_least:
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  "\<forall>x::'a::finite_lattice_complete \<in> A. z \<ge> x \<Longrightarrow> z \<ge> Sup A"
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  using finite [of A] by (induct A) (auto simp add: finite_lattice_complete_Sup_empty finite_lattice_complete_Sup_insert)
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instance finite_lattice_complete \<subseteq> complete_lattice
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proof
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qed (auto simp:
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 finite_lattice_complete_Inf_lower
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 finite_lattice_complete_Inf_greatest
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 finite_lattice_complete_Sup_upper
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 finite_lattice_complete_Sup_least)
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text {* The product of two finite lattices is already a finite lattice. *}
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lemma finite_Inf_prod:
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  "Inf(A::('a::finite_lattice_complete \<times> 'b::finite_lattice_complete) set) =
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  Finite_Set.fold inf top A"
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by (metis Inf_fold_inf finite_code)
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lemma finite_Sup_prod:
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  "Sup (A::('a::finite_lattice_complete \<times> 'b::finite_lattice_complete) set) =
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  Finite_Set.fold sup bot A"
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by (metis Sup_fold_sup finite_code)
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instance prod ::
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  (finite_lattice_complete, finite_lattice_complete) finite_lattice_complete
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proof qed (auto simp: finite_Inf_prod finite_Sup_prod)
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text {* Functions with a finite domain and with a finite lattice as codomain
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already form a finite lattice. *}
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lemma finite_Inf_fun:
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  "Inf (A::('a::finite \<Rightarrow> 'b::finite_lattice_complete) set) =
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  Finite_Set.fold inf top A"
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by (metis Inf_fold_inf finite_code)
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lemma finite_Sup_fun:
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  "Sup (A::('a::finite \<Rightarrow> 'b::finite_lattice_complete) set) =
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  Finite_Set.fold sup bot A"
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by (metis Sup_fold_sup finite_code)
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instance "fun" :: (finite, finite_lattice_complete) finite_lattice_complete
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proof qed (auto simp: finite_Inf_fun finite_Sup_fun)
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subsection {* Finite Distributive Lattices *}
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text {* A finite distributive lattice is a complete lattice
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whose @{const inf} and @{const sup} operators
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distribute over @{const Sup} and @{const Inf}. *}
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class finite_distrib_lattice_complete =
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  distrib_lattice + finite_lattice_complete
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lemma finite_distrib_lattice_complete_sup_Inf:
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  "sup (x::'a::finite_distrib_lattice_complete) (Inf A) = (INF y:A. sup x y)"
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apply (rule finite_induct)
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apply (metis finite_code)
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apply (metis INF_empty Inf_empty sup_top_right)
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apply (metis INF_insert Inf_insert sup_inf_distrib1)
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done
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lemma finite_distrib_lattice_complete_inf_Sup:
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  "inf (x::'a::finite_distrib_lattice_complete) (Sup A) = (SUP y:A. inf x y)"
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apply (rule finite_induct)
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apply (metis finite_code)
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apply (metis SUP_empty Sup_empty inf_bot_right)
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apply (metis SUP_insert Sup_insert inf_sup_distrib1)
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done
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instance finite_distrib_lattice_complete \<subseteq> complete_distrib_lattice
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proof
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qed (auto simp:
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 finite_distrib_lattice_complete_sup_Inf
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 finite_distrib_lattice_complete_inf_Sup)
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text {* The product of two finite distributive lattices
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is already a finite distributive lattice. *}
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instance prod ::
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  (finite_distrib_lattice_complete, finite_distrib_lattice_complete)
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  finite_distrib_lattice_complete
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..
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text {* Functions with a finite domain
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and with a finite distributive lattice as codomain
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already form a finite distributive lattice. *}
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instance "fun" ::
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  (finite, finite_distrib_lattice_complete) finite_distrib_lattice_complete
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..
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subsection {* Linear Orders *}
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text {* A linear order is a distributive lattice.
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Since in Isabelle/HOL
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a subclass must have all the parameters of its superclasses,
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class @{class linorder} cannot be a subclass of @{class distrib_lattice}.
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So class @{class linorder} is extended with
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the operators @{const inf} and @{const sup},
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along with assumptions that define these operators
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in terms of the ones of class @{class linorder}.
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The resulting class is a subclass of @{class distrib_lattice}. *}
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class linorder_lattice = linorder + inf + sup +
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assumes inf_def: "inf x y = (if x \<le> y then x else y)"
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assumes sup_def: "sup x y = (if x \<ge> y then x else y)"
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text {* The definitional assumptions
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on the operators @{const inf} and @{const sup}
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of class @{class linorder_lattice}
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ensure that they yield infimum and supremum,
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and that they distribute over each other,
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as required for a distributive lattice. *}
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lemma linorder_lattice_inf_le1: "inf (x::'a::linorder_lattice) y \<le> x"
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unfolding inf_def by (metis (full_types) linorder_linear)
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lemma linorder_lattice_inf_le2: "inf (x::'a::linorder_lattice) y \<le> y"
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unfolding inf_def by (metis (full_types) linorder_linear)
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lemma linorder_lattice_inf_greatest:
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  "(x::'a::linorder_lattice) \<le> y \<Longrightarrow> x \<le> z \<Longrightarrow> x \<le> inf y z"
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unfolding inf_def by (metis (full_types))
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lemma linorder_lattice_sup_ge1: "sup (x::'a::linorder_lattice) y \<ge> x"
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unfolding sup_def by (metis (full_types) linorder_linear)
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lemma linorder_lattice_sup_ge2: "sup (x::'a::linorder_lattice) y \<ge> y"
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unfolding sup_def by (metis (full_types) linorder_linear)
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lemma linorder_lattice_sup_least:
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  "(x::'a::linorder_lattice) \<ge> y \<Longrightarrow> x \<ge> z \<Longrightarrow> x \<ge> sup y z"
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by (auto simp: sup_def)
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lemma linorder_lattice_sup_inf_distrib1:
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  "sup (x::'a::linorder_lattice) (inf y z) = inf (sup x y) (sup x z)"
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by (auto simp: inf_def sup_def)
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instance linorder_lattice \<subseteq> distrib_lattice
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proof                                                     
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qed (auto simp:
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 linorder_lattice_inf_le1
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 linorder_lattice_inf_le2
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 linorder_lattice_inf_greatest
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 linorder_lattice_sup_ge1
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 linorder_lattice_sup_ge2
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 linorder_lattice_sup_least
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 linorder_lattice_sup_inf_distrib1)
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subsection {* Finite Linear Orders *}
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text {* A (non-empty) finite linear order is a complete linear order. *}
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class finite_linorder_complete = linorder_lattice + finite_lattice_complete
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instance finite_linorder_complete \<subseteq> complete_linorder ..
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text {* A (non-empty) finite linear order is a complete lattice
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whose @{const inf} and @{const sup} operators
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distribute over @{const Sup} and @{const Inf}. *}
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instance finite_linorder_complete \<subseteq> finite_distrib_lattice_complete ..
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end