src/HOL/MetisExamples/Message.thy

build Isabelle process wrapper;
build jEdit plugin, if Scala is available;

(*  Title:      HOL/MetisTest/Message.thy
    ID:         $Id$
    Author:     Lawrence C Paulson, Cambridge University Computer Laboratory

Testing the metis method
*)

theory Message imports Main begin

(*Needed occasionally with spy_analz_tac, e.g. in analz_insert_Key_newK*)
lemma strange_Un_eq [simp]: "A \<union> (B \<union> A) = B \<union> A"
by blast

types 
  key = nat

consts
  all_symmetric :: bool        --{*true if all keys are symmetric*}
  invKey        :: "key=>key"  --{*inverse of a symmetric key*}

specification (invKey)
  invKey [simp]: "invKey (invKey K) = K"
  invKey_symmetric: "all_symmetric --> invKey = id"
    by (rule exI [of _ id], auto)


text{*The inverse of a symmetric key is itself; that of a public key
      is the private key and vice versa*}

constdefs
  symKeys :: "key set"
  "symKeys == {K. invKey K = K}"

datatype  --{*We allow any number of friendly agents*}
  agent = Server | Friend nat | Spy

datatype
     msg = Agent  agent	    --{*Agent names*}
         | Number nat       --{*Ordinary integers, timestamps, ...*}
         | Nonce  nat       --{*Unguessable nonces*}
         | Key    key       --{*Crypto keys*}
	 | Hash   msg       --{*Hashing*}
	 | MPair  msg msg   --{*Compound messages*}
	 | Crypt  key msg   --{*Encryption, public- or shared-key*}


text{*Concrete syntax: messages appear as {|A,B,NA|}, etc...*}
syntax
  "@MTuple"      :: "['a, args] => 'a * 'b"       ("(2{|_,/ _|})")

syntax (xsymbols)
  "@MTuple"      :: "['a, args] => 'a * 'b"       ("(2\<lbrace>_,/ _\<rbrace>)")

translations
  "{|x, y, z|}"   == "{|x, {|y, z|}|}"
  "{|x, y|}"      == "MPair x y"


constdefs
  HPair :: "[msg,msg] => msg"                       ("(4Hash[_] /_)" [0, 1000])
    --{*Message Y paired with a MAC computed with the help of X*}
    "Hash[X] Y == {| Hash{|X,Y|}, Y|}"

  keysFor :: "msg set => key set"
    --{*Keys useful to decrypt elements of a message set*}
  "keysFor H == invKey ` {K. \<exists>X. Crypt K X \<in> H}"


subsubsection{*Inductive Definition of All Parts" of a Message*}

inductive_set
  parts :: "msg set => msg set"
  for H :: "msg set"
  where
    Inj [intro]:               "X \<in> H ==> X \<in> parts H"
  | Fst:         "{|X,Y|}   \<in> parts H ==> X \<in> parts H"
  | Snd:         "{|X,Y|}   \<in> parts H ==> Y \<in> parts H"
  | Body:        "Crypt K X \<in> parts H ==> X \<in> parts H"


ML{*ResAtp.problem_name := "Message__parts_mono"*}
lemma parts_mono: "G \<subseteq> H ==> parts(G) \<subseteq> parts(H)"
apply auto
apply (erule parts.induct) 
apply (metis Inj set_mp)
apply (metis Fst)
apply (metis Snd)
apply (metis Body)
done


text{*Equations hold because constructors are injective.*}
lemma Friend_image_eq [simp]: "(Friend x \<in> Friend`A) = (x:A)"
by auto

lemma Key_image_eq [simp]: "(Key x \<in> Key`A) = (x\<in>A)"
by auto

lemma Nonce_Key_image_eq [simp]: "(Nonce x \<notin> Key`A)"
by auto


subsubsection{*Inverse of keys *}

ML{*ResAtp.problem_name := "Message__invKey_eq"*}
lemma invKey_eq [simp]: "(invKey K = invKey K') = (K=K')"
by (metis invKey)


subsection{*keysFor operator*}

lemma keysFor_empty [simp]: "keysFor {} = {}"
by (unfold keysFor_def, blast)

lemma keysFor_Un [simp]: "keysFor (H \<union> H') = keysFor H \<union> keysFor H'"
by (unfold keysFor_def, blast)

lemma keysFor_UN [simp]: "keysFor (\<Union>i\<in>A. H i) = (\<Union>i\<in>A. keysFor (H i))"
by (unfold keysFor_def, blast)

text{*Monotonicity*}
lemma keysFor_mono: "G \<subseteq> H ==> keysFor(G) \<subseteq> keysFor(H)"
by (unfold keysFor_def, blast)

lemma keysFor_insert_Agent [simp]: "keysFor (insert (Agent A) H) = keysFor H"
by (unfold keysFor_def, auto)

lemma keysFor_insert_Nonce [simp]: "keysFor (insert (Nonce N) H) = keysFor H"
by (unfold keysFor_def, auto)

lemma keysFor_insert_Number [simp]: "keysFor (insert (Number N) H) = keysFor H"
by (unfold keysFor_def, auto)

lemma keysFor_insert_Key [simp]: "keysFor (insert (Key K) H) = keysFor H"
by (unfold keysFor_def, auto)

lemma keysFor_insert_Hash [simp]: "keysFor (insert (Hash X) H) = keysFor H"
by (unfold keysFor_def, auto)

lemma keysFor_insert_MPair [simp]: "keysFor (insert {|X,Y|} H) = keysFor H"
by (unfold keysFor_def, auto)

lemma keysFor_insert_Crypt [simp]: 
    "keysFor (insert (Crypt K X) H) = insert (invKey K) (keysFor H)"
by (unfold keysFor_def, auto)

lemma keysFor_image_Key [simp]: "keysFor (Key`E) = {}"
by (unfold keysFor_def, auto)

lemma Crypt_imp_invKey_keysFor: "Crypt K X \<in> H ==> invKey K \<in> keysFor H"
by (unfold keysFor_def, blast)


subsection{*Inductive relation "parts"*}

lemma MPair_parts:
     "[| {|X,Y|} \<in> parts H;        
         [| X \<in> parts H; Y \<in> parts H |] ==> P |] ==> P"
by (blast dest: parts.Fst parts.Snd) 

    declare MPair_parts [elim!]  parts.Body [dest!]
text{*NB These two rules are UNSAFE in the formal sense, as they discard the
     compound message.  They work well on THIS FILE.  
  @{text MPair_parts} is left as SAFE because it speeds up proofs.
  The Crypt rule is normally kept UNSAFE to avoid breaking up certificates.*}

lemma parts_increasing: "H \<subseteq> parts(H)"
by blast

lemmas parts_insertI = subset_insertI [THEN parts_mono, THEN subsetD, standard]

lemma parts_empty [simp]: "parts{} = {}"
apply safe
apply (erule parts.induct)
apply blast+
done

lemma parts_emptyE [elim!]: "X\<in> parts{} ==> P"
by simp

text{*WARNING: loops if H = {Y}, therefore must not be repeated!*}
lemma parts_singleton: "X\<in> parts H ==> \<exists>Y\<in>H. X\<in> parts {Y}"
apply (erule parts.induct)
apply blast+
done


subsubsection{*Unions *}

lemma parts_Un_subset1: "parts(G) \<union> parts(H) \<subseteq> parts(G \<union> H)"
by (intro Un_least parts_mono Un_upper1 Un_upper2)

lemma parts_Un_subset2: "parts(G \<union> H) \<subseteq> parts(G) \<union> parts(H)"
apply (rule subsetI)
apply (erule parts.induct, blast+)
done

lemma parts_Un [simp]: "parts(G \<union> H) = parts(G) \<union> parts(H)"
by (intro equalityI parts_Un_subset1 parts_Un_subset2)

lemma parts_insert: "parts (insert X H) = parts {X} \<union> parts H"
apply (subst insert_is_Un [of _ H])
apply (simp only: parts_Un)
done

ML{*ResAtp.problem_name := "Message__parts_insert_two"*}
lemma parts_insert2:
     "parts (insert X (insert Y H)) = parts {X} \<union> parts {Y} \<union> parts H"
by (metis Un_commute Un_empty_left Un_empty_right Un_insert_left Un_insert_right parts_Un)


lemma parts_UN_subset1: "(\<Union>x\<in>A. parts(H x)) \<subseteq> parts(\<Union>x\<in>A. H x)"
by (intro UN_least parts_mono UN_upper)

lemma parts_UN_subset2: "parts(\<Union>x\<in>A. H x) \<subseteq> (\<Union>x\<in>A. parts(H x))"
apply (rule subsetI)
apply (erule parts.induct, blast+)
done

lemma parts_UN [simp]: "parts(\<Union>x\<in>A. H x) = (\<Union>x\<in>A. parts(H x))"
by (intro equalityI parts_UN_subset1 parts_UN_subset2)

text{*Added to simplify arguments to parts, analz and synth.
  NOTE: the UN versions are no longer used!*}


text{*This allows @{text blast} to simplify occurrences of 
  @{term "parts(G\<union>H)"} in the assumption.*}
lemmas in_parts_UnE = parts_Un [THEN equalityD1, THEN subsetD, THEN UnE] 
declare in_parts_UnE [elim!]

lemma parts_insert_subset: "insert X (parts H) \<subseteq> parts(insert X H)"
by (blast intro: parts_mono [THEN [2] rev_subsetD])

subsubsection{*Idempotence and transitivity *}

lemma parts_partsD [dest!]: "X\<in> parts (parts H) ==> X\<in> parts H"
by (erule parts.induct, blast+)

lemma parts_idem [simp]: "parts (parts H) = parts H"
by blast

ML{*ResAtp.problem_name := "Message__parts_subset_iff"*}
lemma parts_subset_iff [simp]: "(parts G \<subseteq> parts H) = (G \<subseteq> parts H)"
apply (rule iffI) 
apply (metis Un_absorb1 Un_subset_iff parts_Un parts_increasing)
apply (metis parts_idem parts_mono)
done

lemma parts_trans: "[| X\<in> parts G;  G \<subseteq> parts H |] ==> X\<in> parts H"
by (blast dest: parts_mono); 


ML{*ResAtp.problem_name := "Message__parts_cut"*}
lemma parts_cut: "[|Y\<in> parts(insert X G);  X\<in> parts H|] ==> Y\<in> parts(G \<union> H)"
by (metis Un_subset_iff insert_subset parts_increasing parts_trans) 



subsubsection{*Rewrite rules for pulling out atomic messages *}

lemmas parts_insert_eq_I = equalityI [OF subsetI parts_insert_subset]


lemma parts_insert_Agent [simp]:
     "parts (insert (Agent agt) H) = insert (Agent agt) (parts H)"
apply (rule parts_insert_eq_I) 
apply (erule parts.induct, auto) 
done

lemma parts_insert_Nonce [simp]:
     "parts (insert (Nonce N) H) = insert (Nonce N) (parts H)"
apply (rule parts_insert_eq_I) 
apply (erule parts.induct, auto) 
done

lemma parts_insert_Number [simp]:
     "parts (insert (Number N) H) = insert (Number N) (parts H)"
apply (rule parts_insert_eq_I) 
apply (erule parts.induct, auto) 
done

lemma parts_insert_Key [simp]:
     "parts (insert (Key K) H) = insert (Key K) (parts H)"
apply (rule parts_insert_eq_I) 
apply (erule parts.induct, auto) 
done

lemma parts_insert_Hash [simp]:
     "parts (insert (Hash X) H) = insert (Hash X) (parts H)"
apply (rule parts_insert_eq_I) 
apply (erule parts.induct, auto) 
done

lemma parts_insert_Crypt [simp]:
     "parts (insert (Crypt K X) H) =  
          insert (Crypt K X) (parts (insert X H))"
apply (rule equalityI)
apply (rule subsetI)
apply (erule parts.induct, auto)
apply (blast intro: parts.Body)
done

lemma parts_insert_MPair [simp]:
     "parts (insert {|X,Y|} H) =  
          insert {|X,Y|} (parts (insert X (insert Y H)))"
apply (rule equalityI)
apply (rule subsetI)
apply (erule parts.induct, auto)
apply (blast intro: parts.Fst parts.Snd)+
done

lemma parts_image_Key [simp]: "parts (Key`N) = Key`N"
apply auto
apply (erule parts.induct, auto)
done


ML{*ResAtp.problem_name := "Message__msg_Nonce_supply"*}
lemma msg_Nonce_supply: "\<exists>N. \<forall>n. N\<le>n --> Nonce n \<notin> parts {msg}"
apply (induct_tac "msg") 
apply (simp_all add: parts_insert2)
apply (metis Suc_n_not_le_n)
apply (metis le_trans linorder_linear)
done

subsection{*Inductive relation "analz"*}

text{*Inductive definition of "analz" -- what can be broken down from a set of
    messages, including keys.  A form of downward closure.  Pairs can
    be taken apart; messages decrypted with known keys.  *}

inductive_set
  analz :: "msg set => msg set"
  for H :: "msg set"
  where
    Inj [intro,simp] :    "X \<in> H ==> X \<in> analz H"
  | Fst:     "{|X,Y|} \<in> analz H ==> X \<in> analz H"
  | Snd:     "{|X,Y|} \<in> analz H ==> Y \<in> analz H"
  | Decrypt [dest]: 
             "[|Crypt K X \<in> analz H; Key(invKey K): analz H|] ==> X \<in> analz H"


text{*Monotonicity; Lemma 1 of Lowe's paper*}
lemma analz_mono: "G\<subseteq>H ==> analz(G) \<subseteq> analz(H)"
apply auto
apply (erule analz.induct) 
apply (auto dest: analz.Fst analz.Snd) 
done

text{*Making it safe speeds up proofs*}
lemma MPair_analz [elim!]:
     "[| {|X,Y|} \<in> analz H;        
             [| X \<in> analz H; Y \<in> analz H |] ==> P   
          |] ==> P"
by (blast dest: analz.Fst analz.Snd)

lemma analz_increasing: "H \<subseteq> analz(H)"
by blast

lemma analz_subset_parts: "analz H \<subseteq> parts H"
apply (rule subsetI)
apply (erule analz.induct, blast+)
done

lemmas analz_into_parts = analz_subset_parts [THEN subsetD, standard]

lemmas not_parts_not_analz = analz_subset_parts [THEN contra_subsetD, standard]


ML{*ResAtp.problem_name := "Message__parts_analz"*}
lemma parts_analz [simp]: "parts (analz H) = parts H"
apply (rule equalityI)
apply (metis analz_subset_parts parts_subset_iff)
apply (metis analz_increasing parts_mono)
done


lemma analz_parts [simp]: "analz (parts H) = parts H"
apply auto
apply (erule analz.induct, auto)
done

lemmas analz_insertI = subset_insertI [THEN analz_mono, THEN [2] rev_subsetD, standard]

subsubsection{*General equational properties *}

lemma analz_empty [simp]: "analz{} = {}"
apply safe
apply (erule analz.induct, blast+)
done

text{*Converse fails: we can analz more from the union than from the 
  separate parts, as a key in one might decrypt a message in the other*}
lemma analz_Un: "analz(G) \<union> analz(H) \<subseteq> analz(G \<union> H)"
by (intro Un_least analz_mono Un_upper1 Un_upper2)

lemma analz_insert: "insert X (analz H) \<subseteq> analz(insert X H)"
by (blast intro: analz_mono [THEN [2] rev_subsetD])

subsubsection{*Rewrite rules for pulling out atomic messages *}

lemmas analz_insert_eq_I = equalityI [OF subsetI analz_insert]

lemma analz_insert_Agent [simp]:
     "analz (insert (Agent agt) H) = insert (Agent agt) (analz H)"
apply (rule analz_insert_eq_I) 
apply (erule analz.induct, auto) 
done

lemma analz_insert_Nonce [simp]:
     "analz (insert (Nonce N) H) = insert (Nonce N) (analz H)"
apply (rule analz_insert_eq_I) 
apply (erule analz.induct, auto) 
done

lemma analz_insert_Number [simp]:
     "analz (insert (Number N) H) = insert (Number N) (analz H)"
apply (rule analz_insert_eq_I) 
apply (erule analz.induct, auto) 
done

lemma analz_insert_Hash [simp]:
     "analz (insert (Hash X) H) = insert (Hash X) (analz H)"
apply (rule analz_insert_eq_I) 
apply (erule analz.induct, auto) 
done

text{*Can only pull out Keys if they are not needed to decrypt the rest*}
lemma analz_insert_Key [simp]: 
    "K \<notin> keysFor (analz H) ==>   
          analz (insert (Key K) H) = insert (Key K) (analz H)"
apply (unfold keysFor_def)
apply (rule analz_insert_eq_I) 
apply (erule analz.induct, auto) 
done

lemma analz_insert_MPair [simp]:
     "analz (insert {|X,Y|} H) =  
          insert {|X,Y|} (analz (insert X (insert Y H)))"
apply (rule equalityI)
apply (rule subsetI)
apply (erule analz.induct, auto)
apply (erule analz.induct)
apply (blast intro: analz.Fst analz.Snd)+
done

text{*Can pull out enCrypted message if the Key is not known*}
lemma analz_insert_Crypt:
     "Key (invKey K) \<notin> analz H 
      ==> analz (insert (Crypt K X) H) = insert (Crypt K X) (analz H)"
apply (rule analz_insert_eq_I) 
apply (erule analz.induct, auto) 

done

lemma lemma1: "Key (invKey K) \<in> analz H ==>   
               analz (insert (Crypt K X) H) \<subseteq>  
               insert (Crypt K X) (analz (insert X H))" 
apply (rule subsetI)
apply (erule_tac x = x in analz.induct, auto)
done

lemma lemma2: "Key (invKey K) \<in> analz H ==>   
               insert (Crypt K X) (analz (insert X H)) \<subseteq>  
               analz (insert (Crypt K X) H)"
apply auto
apply (erule_tac x = x in analz.induct, auto)
apply (blast intro: analz_insertI analz.Decrypt)
done

lemma analz_insert_Decrypt:
     "Key (invKey K) \<in> analz H ==>   
               analz (insert (Crypt K X) H) =  
               insert (Crypt K X) (analz (insert X H))"
by (intro equalityI lemma1 lemma2)

text{*Case analysis: either the message is secure, or it is not! Effective,
but can cause subgoals to blow up! Use with @{text "split_if"}; apparently
@{text "split_tac"} does not cope with patterns such as @{term"analz (insert
(Crypt K X) H)"} *} 
lemma analz_Crypt_if [simp]:
     "analz (insert (Crypt K X) H) =                 
          (if (Key (invKey K) \<in> analz H)                 
           then insert (Crypt K X) (analz (insert X H))  
           else insert (Crypt K X) (analz H))"
by (simp add: analz_insert_Crypt analz_insert_Decrypt)


text{*This rule supposes "for the sake of argument" that we have the key.*}
lemma analz_insert_Crypt_subset:
     "analz (insert (Crypt K X) H) \<subseteq>   
           insert (Crypt K X) (analz (insert X H))"
apply (rule subsetI)
apply (erule analz.induct, auto)
done


lemma analz_image_Key [simp]: "analz (Key`N) = Key`N"
apply auto
apply (erule analz.induct, auto)
done


subsubsection{*Idempotence and transitivity *}

lemma analz_analzD [dest!]: "X\<in> analz (analz H) ==> X\<in> analz H"
by (erule analz.induct, blast+)

lemma analz_idem [simp]: "analz (analz H) = analz H"
by blast

lemma analz_subset_iff [simp]: "(analz G \<subseteq> analz H) = (G \<subseteq> analz H)"
apply (rule iffI)
apply (iprover intro: subset_trans analz_increasing)  
apply (frule analz_mono, simp) 
done

lemma analz_trans: "[| X\<in> analz G;  G \<subseteq> analz H |] ==> X\<in> analz H"
by (drule analz_mono, blast)


ML{*ResAtp.problem_name := "Message__analz_cut"*}
    declare analz_trans[intro]
lemma analz_cut: "[| Y\<in> analz (insert X H);  X\<in> analz H |] ==> Y\<in> analz H"
(*TOO SLOW
by (metis analz_idem analz_increasing analz_mono insert_absorb insert_mono insert_subset) --{*317s*}
??*)
by (erule analz_trans, blast)


text{*This rewrite rule helps in the simplification of messages that involve
  the forwarding of unknown components (X).  Without it, removing occurrences
  of X can be very complicated. *}
lemma analz_insert_eq: "X\<in> analz H ==> analz (insert X H) = analz H"
by (blast intro: analz_cut analz_insertI)


text{*A congruence rule for "analz" *}

ML{*ResAtp.problem_name := "Message__analz_subset_cong"*}
lemma analz_subset_cong:
     "[| analz G \<subseteq> analz G'; analz H \<subseteq> analz H' |] 
      ==> analz (G \<union> H) \<subseteq> analz (G' \<union> H')"
apply simp
apply (metis Un_absorb2 Un_commute Un_subset_iff Un_upper1 Un_upper2 analz_mono)
done


lemma analz_cong:
     "[| analz G = analz G'; analz H = analz H'  
               |] ==> analz (G \<union> H) = analz (G' \<union> H')"
by (intro equalityI analz_subset_cong, simp_all) 

lemma analz_insert_cong:
     "analz H = analz H' ==> analz(insert X H) = analz(insert X H')"
by (force simp only: insert_def intro!: analz_cong)

text{*If there are no pairs or encryptions then analz does nothing*}
lemma analz_trivial:
     "[| \<forall>X Y. {|X,Y|} \<notin> H;  \<forall>X K. Crypt K X \<notin> H |] ==> analz H = H"
apply safe
apply (erule analz.induct, blast+)
done

text{*These two are obsolete (with a single Spy) but cost little to prove...*}
lemma analz_UN_analz_lemma:
     "X\<in> analz (\<Union>i\<in>A. analz (H i)) ==> X\<in> analz (\<Union>i\<in>A. H i)"
apply (erule analz.induct)
apply (blast intro: analz_mono [THEN [2] rev_subsetD])+
done

lemma analz_UN_analz [simp]: "analz (\<Union>i\<in>A. analz (H i)) = analz (\<Union>i\<in>A. H i)"
by (blast intro: analz_UN_analz_lemma analz_mono [THEN [2] rev_subsetD])


subsection{*Inductive relation "synth"*}

text{*Inductive definition of "synth" -- what can be built up from a set of
    messages.  A form of upward closure.  Pairs can be built, messages
    encrypted with known keys.  Agent names are public domain.
    Numbers can be guessed, but Nonces cannot be.  *}

inductive_set
  synth :: "msg set => msg set"
  for H :: "msg set"
  where
    Inj    [intro]:   "X \<in> H ==> X \<in> synth H"
  | Agent  [intro]:   "Agent agt \<in> synth H"
  | Number [intro]:   "Number n  \<in> synth H"
  | Hash   [intro]:   "X \<in> synth H ==> Hash X \<in> synth H"
  | MPair  [intro]:   "[|X \<in> synth H;  Y \<in> synth H|] ==> {|X,Y|} \<in> synth H"
  | Crypt  [intro]:   "[|X \<in> synth H;  Key(K) \<in> H|] ==> Crypt K X \<in> synth H"

text{*Monotonicity*}
lemma synth_mono: "G\<subseteq>H ==> synth(G) \<subseteq> synth(H)"
  by (auto, erule synth.induct, auto)  

text{*NO @{text Agent_synth}, as any Agent name can be synthesized.  
  The same holds for @{term Number}*}
inductive_cases Nonce_synth [elim!]: "Nonce n \<in> synth H"
inductive_cases Key_synth   [elim!]: "Key K \<in> synth H"
inductive_cases Hash_synth  [elim!]: "Hash X \<in> synth H"
inductive_cases MPair_synth [elim!]: "{|X,Y|} \<in> synth H"
inductive_cases Crypt_synth [elim!]: "Crypt K X \<in> synth H"


lemma synth_increasing: "H \<subseteq> synth(H)"
by blast

subsubsection{*Unions *}

text{*Converse fails: we can synth more from the union than from the 
  separate parts, building a compound message using elements of each.*}
lemma synth_Un: "synth(G) \<union> synth(H) \<subseteq> synth(G \<union> H)"
by (intro Un_least synth_mono Un_upper1 Un_upper2)


ML{*ResAtp.problem_name := "Message__synth_insert"*}
 
lemma synth_insert: "insert X (synth H) \<subseteq> synth(insert X H)"
by (metis insert_iff insert_subset subset_insertI synth.Inj synth_mono)

subsubsection{*Idempotence and transitivity *}

lemma synth_synthD [dest!]: "X\<in> synth (synth H) ==> X\<in> synth H"
by (erule synth.induct, blast+)

lemma synth_idem: "synth (synth H) = synth H"
by blast

lemma synth_subset_iff [simp]: "(synth G \<subseteq> synth H) = (G \<subseteq> synth H)"
apply (rule iffI)
apply (iprover intro: subset_trans synth_increasing)  
apply (frule synth_mono, simp add: synth_idem) 
done

lemma synth_trans: "[| X\<in> synth G;  G \<subseteq> synth H |] ==> X\<in> synth H"
by (drule synth_mono, blast)

ML{*ResAtp.problem_name := "Message__synth_cut"*}
lemma synth_cut: "[| Y\<in> synth (insert X H);  X\<in> synth H |] ==> Y\<in> synth H"
(*TOO SLOW
by (metis insert_absorb insert_mono insert_subset synth_idem synth_increasing synth_mono)
*)
by (erule synth_trans, blast)


lemma Agent_synth [simp]: "Agent A \<in> synth H"
by blast

lemma Number_synth [simp]: "Number n \<in> synth H"
by blast

lemma Nonce_synth_eq [simp]: "(Nonce N \<in> synth H) = (Nonce N \<in> H)"
by blast

lemma Key_synth_eq [simp]: "(Key K \<in> synth H) = (Key K \<in> H)"
by blast

lemma Crypt_synth_eq [simp]:
     "Key K \<notin> H ==> (Crypt K X \<in> synth H) = (Crypt K X \<in> H)"
by blast


lemma keysFor_synth [simp]: 
    "keysFor (synth H) = keysFor H \<union> invKey`{K. Key K \<in> H}"
by (unfold keysFor_def, blast)


subsubsection{*Combinations of parts, analz and synth *}

ML{*ResAtp.problem_name := "Message__parts_synth"*}
lemma parts_synth [simp]: "parts (synth H) = parts H \<union> synth H"
apply (rule equalityI)
apply (rule subsetI)
apply (erule parts.induct)
apply (metis UnCI)
apply (metis MPair_synth UnCI UnE insert_absorb insert_subset parts.Fst parts_increasing)
apply (metis MPair_synth UnCI UnE insert_absorb insert_subset parts.Snd parts_increasing)
apply (metis Body Crypt_synth UnCI UnE insert_absorb insert_subset parts_increasing)
apply (metis Un_subset_iff parts_increasing parts_mono synth_increasing)
done




ML{*ResAtp.problem_name := "Message__analz_analz_Un"*}
lemma analz_analz_Un [simp]: "analz (analz G \<union> H) = analz (G \<union> H)"
apply (rule equalityI);
apply (metis analz_idem analz_subset_cong order_eq_refl)
apply (metis analz_increasing analz_subset_cong order_eq_refl)
done

ML{*ResAtp.problem_name := "Message__analz_synth_Un"*}
    declare analz_mono [intro] analz.Fst [intro] analz.Snd [intro] Un_least [intro]
lemma analz_synth_Un [simp]: "analz (synth G \<union> H) = analz (G \<union> H) \<union> synth G"
apply (rule equalityI)
apply (rule subsetI)
apply (erule analz.induct)
apply (metis UnCI UnE Un_commute analz.Inj)
apply (metis MPair_synth UnCI UnE Un_commute Un_upper1 analz.Fst analz_increasing analz_mono insert_absorb insert_subset)
apply (metis MPair_synth UnCI UnE Un_commute Un_upper1 analz.Snd analz_increasing analz_mono insert_absorb insert_subset)
apply (blast intro: analz.Decrypt)
apply blast
done


ML{*ResAtp.problem_name := "Message__analz_synth"*}
lemma analz_synth [simp]: "analz (synth H) = analz H \<union> synth H"
proof (neg_clausify)
assume 0: "analz (synth H) \<noteq> analz H \<union> synth H"
have 1: "\<And>X1 X3. sup (analz (sup X3 X1)) (synth X3) = analz (sup (synth X3) X1)"
  by (metis analz_synth_Un sup_set_eq sup_set_eq sup_set_eq)
have 2: "sup (analz H) (synth H) \<noteq> analz (synth H)"
  by (metis 0 sup_set_eq)
have 3: "\<And>X1 X3. sup (synth X3) (analz (sup X3 X1)) = analz (sup (synth X3) X1)"
  by (metis 1 Un_commute sup_set_eq sup_set_eq)
have 4: "\<And>X3. sup (synth X3) (analz X3) = analz (sup (synth X3) {})"
  by (metis 3 Un_empty_right sup_set_eq)
have 5: "\<And>X3. sup (synth X3) (analz X3) = analz (synth X3)"
  by (metis 4 Un_empty_right sup_set_eq)
have 6: "\<And>X3. sup (analz X3) (synth X3) = analz (synth X3)"
  by (metis 5 Un_commute sup_set_eq sup_set_eq)
show "False"
  by (metis 2 6)
qed


subsubsection{*For reasoning about the Fake rule in traces *}

ML{*ResAtp.problem_name := "Message__parts_insert_subset_Un"*}
lemma parts_insert_subset_Un: "X\<in> G ==> parts(insert X H) \<subseteq> parts G \<union> parts H"
proof (neg_clausify)
assume 0: "X \<in> G"
assume 1: "\<not> parts (insert X H) \<subseteq> parts G \<union> parts H"
have 2: "\<not> parts (insert X H) \<subseteq> parts (G \<union> H)"
  by (metis 1 parts_Un)
have 3: "\<not> insert X H \<subseteq> G \<union> H"
  by (metis 2 parts_mono)
have 4: "X \<notin> G \<union> H \<or> \<not> H \<subseteq> G \<union> H"
  by (metis 3 insert_subset)
have 5: "X \<notin> G \<union> H"
  by (metis 4 Un_upper2)
have 6: "X \<notin> G"
  by (metis 5 UnCI)
show "False"
  by (metis 6 0)
qed

ML{*ResAtp.problem_name := "Message__Fake_parts_insert"*}
lemma Fake_parts_insert:
     "X \<in> synth (analz H) ==>  
      parts (insert X H) \<subseteq> synth (analz H) \<union> parts H"
proof (neg_clausify)
assume 0: "X \<in> synth (analz H)"
assume 1: "\<not> parts (insert X H) \<subseteq> synth (analz H) \<union> parts H"
have 2: "\<And>X3. parts X3 \<union> synth (analz X3) = parts (synth (analz X3))"
  by (metis parts_synth parts_analz)
have 3: "\<And>X3. analz X3 \<union> synth (analz X3) = analz (synth (analz X3))"
  by (metis analz_synth analz_idem)
have 4: "\<And>X3. analz X3 \<subseteq> analz (synth X3)"
  by (metis Un_upper1 analz_synth)
have 5: "\<not> parts (insert X H) \<subseteq> parts H \<union> synth (analz H)"
  by (metis 1 Un_commute)
have 6: "\<not> parts (insert X H) \<subseteq> parts (synth (analz H))"
  by (metis 5 2)
have 7: "\<not> insert X H \<subseteq> synth (analz H)"
  by (metis 6 parts_mono)
have 8: "X \<notin> synth (analz H) \<or> \<not> H \<subseteq> synth (analz H)"
  by (metis 7 insert_subset)
have 9: "\<not> H \<subseteq> synth (analz H)"
  by (metis 8 0)
have 10: "\<And>X3. X3 \<subseteq> analz (synth X3)"
  by (metis analz_subset_iff 4)
have 11: "\<And>X3. X3 \<subseteq> analz (synth (analz X3))"
  by (metis analz_subset_iff 10)
have 12: "\<And>X3. analz (synth (analz X3)) = synth (analz X3) \<or>
     \<not> analz X3 \<subseteq> synth (analz X3)"
  by (metis Un_absorb1 3)
have 13: "\<And>X3. analz (synth (analz X3)) = synth (analz X3)"
  by (metis 12 synth_increasing)
have 14: "\<And>X3. X3 \<subseteq> synth (analz X3)"
  by (metis 11 13)
show "False"
  by (metis 9 14)
qed

lemma Fake_parts_insert_in_Un:
     "[|Z \<in> parts (insert X H);  X: synth (analz H)|] 
      ==> Z \<in>  synth (analz H) \<union> parts H";
by (blast dest: Fake_parts_insert  [THEN subsetD, dest])

ML{*ResAtp.problem_name := "Message__Fake_analz_insert"*}
    declare analz_mono [intro] synth_mono [intro] 
lemma Fake_analz_insert:
     "X\<in> synth (analz G) ==>  
      analz (insert X H) \<subseteq> synth (analz G) \<union> analz (G \<union> H)"
by (metis Un_commute Un_insert_left Un_insert_right Un_upper1 analz_analz_Un analz_mono analz_synth_Un equalityE insert_absorb order_le_less xt1(12))

ML{*ResAtp.problem_name := "Message__Fake_analz_insert_simpler"*}
(*simpler problems?  BUT METIS CAN'T PROVE
lemma Fake_analz_insert_simpler:
     "X\<in> synth (analz G) ==>  
      analz (insert X H) \<subseteq> synth (analz G) \<union> analz (G \<union> H)"
apply (rule subsetI)
apply (subgoal_tac "x \<in> analz (synth (analz G) \<union> H) ")
apply (metis Un_commute analz_analz_Un analz_synth_Un)
apply (metis Un_commute Un_upper1 Un_upper2 analz_cut analz_increasing analz_mono insert_absorb insert_mono insert_subset)
done
*)

end