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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<!-- $Id$ -->
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<HTML>
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<HEAD>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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<TITLE>HOL/Hoare/ReadMe</TITLE>
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<BODY>
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<H2>Hoare Logic for a Simple WHILE Language</H2>
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<H3>Language and logic</H3>
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This directory contains an implementation of Hoare logic for a simple WHILE
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language. The constructs are
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<UL>
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<LI> <kbd>SKIP</kbd>
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<LI> <kbd>_ := _</kbd>
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<LI> <kbd>_ ; _</kbd>
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<LI> <kbd>IF _ THEN _ ELSE _ FI</kbd>
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<LI> <kbd>WHILE _ INV {_} DO _ OD</kbd>
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</UL>
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Note that each WHILE-loop must be annotated with an invariant.
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<P>
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After loading theory Hoare, you can state goals of the form
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<PRE>
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VARS x y ... {P} prog {Q}
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</PRE>
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where <kbd>prog</kbd> is a program in the above language, <kbd>P</kbd> is the
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precondition, <kbd>Q</kbd> the postcondition, and <kbd>x y ...</kbd> is the
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list of all <i>program variables</i> in <kbd>prog</kbd>. The latter list must
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be nonempty and it must include all variables that occur on the left-hand
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side of an assignment in <kbd>prog</kbd>. Example:
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<PRE>
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VARS x {x = a} x := x+1 {x = a+1}
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</PRE>
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The (normal) variable <kbd>a</kbd> is merely used to record the initial
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value of <kbd>x</kbd> and is not a program variable. Pre/post conditions
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can be arbitrary HOL formulae mentioning both program variables and normal
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variables.
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<P>
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The implementation hides reasoning in Hoare logic completely and provides a
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method <kbd>vcg</kbd> for transforming a goal in Hoare logic into an
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equivalent list of verification conditions in HOL:
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<PRE>
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apply vcg
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</PRE>
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If you want to simplify the resulting verification conditions at the same
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time:
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<PRE>
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apply vcg_simp
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</PRE>
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which, given the example goal above, solves it completely. For further
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examples see <a href="Examples.html">Examples</a>.
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<P>
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IMPORTANT:
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This is a logic of partial correctness. You can only prove that your program
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does the right thing <i>if</i> it terminates, but not <i>that</i> it
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terminates.
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<H3>Notes on the implementation</H3>
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The implementation loosely follows
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<P>
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Mike Gordon.
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<cite>Mechanizing Programming Logics in Higher Order Logic.</cite><BR>
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University of Cambridge, Computer Laboratory, TR 145, 1988.
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<P>
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published as
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<P>
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Mike Gordon.
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<cite>Mechanizing Programming Logics in Higher Order Logic.</cite><BR>
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In
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<cite>Current Trends in Hardware Verification and Automated Theorem Proving
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</cite>,<BR>
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edited by G. Birtwistle and P.A. Subrahmanyam, Springer-Verlag, 1989.
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<P>
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The main differences: the state is modelled as a tuple as suggested in
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<P>
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J. von Wright and J. Hekanaho and P. Luostarinen and T. Langbacka.
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<cite>Mechanizing Some Advanced Refinement Concepts</cite>.
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Formal Methods in System Design, 3, 1993, 49-81.
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<P>
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and the embeding is deep, i.e. there is a concrete datatype of programs. The
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latter is not really necessary.
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</BODY>
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</HTML>
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