src/HOL/Hoare/Hoare_Syntax.thy

clarified signature: more operations;

(*  Title:      HOL/Hoare/Hoare_Syntax.thy
    Author:     Leonor Prensa Nieto & Tobias Nipkow
    Author:     Walter Guttmann (extension to total-correctness proofs)
*)

section \<open>Concrete syntax for Hoare logic, with translations for variables\<close>

theory Hoare_Syntax
  imports Main
begin

syntax
  "_assign" :: "idt \<Rightarrow> 'b \<Rightarrow> 'com"  ("(2_ :=/ _)" [70, 65] 61)
  "_Seq" :: "'com \<Rightarrow> 'com \<Rightarrow> 'com"  ("(_;/ _)" [61,60] 60)
  "_Cond" :: "'bexp \<Rightarrow> 'com \<Rightarrow> 'com \<Rightarrow> 'com"  ("(IF _/ THEN _ / ELSE _/ FI)" [0,0,0] 61)
  "_While" :: "'bexp \<Rightarrow> 'assn \<Rightarrow> 'var \<Rightarrow> 'com \<Rightarrow> 'com"  ("(WHILE _/ INV {(_)} / VAR {(_)} //DO _ /OD)" [0,0,0,0] 61)

text \<open>The \<open>VAR {_}\<close> syntax supports two variants:
\<^item> \<open>VAR {x = t}\<close> where \<open>t::nat\<close> is the decreasing expression,
  the variant, and \<open>x\<close> a variable that can be referred to from inner annotations.
  The \<open>x\<close> can be necessary for nested loops, e.g. to prove that the inner loops do not mess with \<open>t\<close>.
\<^item> \<open>VAR {t}\<close> where the variable is omitted because it is not needed.
\<close>

syntax
  "_While0" :: "'bexp \<Rightarrow> 'assn \<Rightarrow> 'com \<Rightarrow> 'com"  ("(1WHILE _/ INV {_} //DO _ /OD)" [0,0,0] 61)

text \<open>The \<open>_While0\<close> syntax is translated into the \<open>_While\<close> syntax with the trivial variant 0.
This is ok because partial correctness proofs do not make use of the variant.\<close>

syntax
 "_hoare_vars" :: "[idts, 'assn,'com, 'assn] \<Rightarrow> bool"  ("VARS _// {_} // _ // {_}" [0,0,55,0] 50)
 "_hoare_vars_tc" :: "[idts, 'assn, 'com, 'assn] \<Rightarrow> bool"  ("VARS _// [_] // _ // [_]" [0,0,55,0] 50)
syntax (output)
 "_hoare" :: "['assn, 'com, 'assn] \<Rightarrow> bool"  ("({_}//_//{_})" [0,55,0] 50)
 "_hoare_tc" :: "['assn, 'com, 'assn] \<Rightarrow> bool"  ("([_]//_//[_])" [0,55,0] 50)

text \<open>Completeness requires(?) the ability to refer to an outer variant in an inner invariant.
Thus we need to abstract over a variable equated with the variant, the \<open>x\<close> in \<open>VAR {x = t}\<close>.
But the \<open>x\<close> should only occur in invariants. To enforce this, syntax translations in \<open>hoare_syntax.ML\<close>
separate the program from its annotations and only the latter are abstracted over over \<open>x\<close>.
(Thus \<open>x\<close> can also occur in inner variants, but that neither helps nor hurts.)\<close>

datatype 'a anno =
  Abasic |
  Aseq "'a anno"  "'a anno" |
  Acond "'a anno" "'a anno" |
  Awhile "'a set" "'a \<Rightarrow> nat" "nat \<Rightarrow> 'a anno"

ML_file \<open>hoare_syntax.ML\<close>

end