README_REPOSITORY
author huffman
Tue, 13 Jan 2009 14:08:24 -0800
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child 29481 3e8420c1124a
permissions -rw-r--r--
merged
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Important notes on Mercurial repository access for Isabelle
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===========================================================
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Preamble
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--------
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Mercurial http://www.selenic.com/mercurial belongs to a new generation
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of source code management systems, following the paradigm of
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"distributed version control".  Compared to the old centralized model
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of CVS or SVN, this gives considerable more power and freedom in
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organizing the flow of changes, both between individual developers and
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designated pull/push areas that are shared with others.
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More power for the user also means more responsibility!  Due to its
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decentralized nature, changesets that have been published once,
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e.g. via "push" to a shared repository that is visible on the net,
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cannot be easily retracted from the public again.  Regular Mercurial
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operations are strictly monotonic, where changset transactions are
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only added, but never deleted.  There are special tools to manipulate
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individual repositories via non-monotonic actions, but this does not
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yet retrieve any changesets that have escaped into the public by
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accident.
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Only global operations like "pull" and "push" fall into this critical
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category.  Note that "incoming" / "outgoing" allow to inspect
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changesets before exchanging them globally.  Anything else in
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Mercurial is local to the user's repository clone (including "commit",
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"update", "merge" etc.) and is in fact much simpler and safer to use
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than the corresponding operations of CVS or SVN.
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Initial configuration
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=====================
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Always use Mercurial version 1.0 or later, such as 1.0.1 or 1.0.2.
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The old 0.9.x versions do not work in a multi-user environment with
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shared file spaces.
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The official Isabelle repository can be cloned like this:
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  hg clone http://isabelle.in.tum.de/repos/isabelle
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This will create a local directory "isabelle", unless an alternative
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name is specified.  The full repository meta-data and history of
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changes is in isabelle/.hg; local configuration for this clone can be
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added to isabelle/.hg/hgrc, but note that hgrc files are never copied
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by another clone operation!
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There is also $HOME/.hgrc for per-user Mercurial configuration.  The
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initial configuration should include at least an entry to identify
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yourself.  For example, something like this in /home/wenzelm/.hgrc:
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  [ui]
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  username = wenzelm
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Of course, the user identity can be also configured in
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isabelle/.hg/hgrc on per-repository basis.  Failing to specify the
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username correctly makes the system invent funny machine names that
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may persist indefinitely in the public flow of changesets.
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In principle, user names can be chosen freely, but for longterm
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committers of the Isabelle repository the obvious choice is to keep
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with the old CVS naming scheme.
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There are other useful configuration to go into $HOME/.hgrc,
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e.g. defaults for common commands:
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  [defaults]
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  log = -l 10
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The next example shows how to install some Mercurial extension:
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  [extensions]
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  hgext.graphlog =
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Now the additional glog command will be available.
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See also the fine documentation for further details, especially the
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book http://hgbook.red-bean.com/
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Shared pull/push access
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=======================
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The entry point http://isabelle.in.tum.de/repos/isabelle is world
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readable, both via plain web browsing and the hg client as described
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above.  Anybody can produce a clone, change it arbitrarily, and then
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use regular mechanisms of Mercurial to report changes upstream, say
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via e-mail to someone with write access to that file space.  It is
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also quite easy to publish changed clones again on the web, using the
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adhoc command "hg serve -v", or the hgweb.cgi or hgwebdir.cgi scripts
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that are included in the Mercurial distribution.
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The downstream/upstream mode of operation is quite common in the
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distributed version control community, and works well for occasional
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changes produced by anybody out there.  Of course, upstream
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maintainers need to review and moderate changes being proposed, before
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pushing anything onto the official Isabelle repository at TUM.
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Write access to the Isabelle repository requires an account at TUM,
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with properly configured ssh access to the local machines
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(e.g. macbroy20, atbroy100).  You also need to be a member of the
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"isabelle" Unix group.
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Sharing a locally modified clone then works as follows, using your
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user name instead of "wenzelm":
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  hg out ssh://wenzelm@atbroy100//home/isabelle-repository/repos/isabelle
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In fact, the "out" or "outgoing" command performs only a dry run: it
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displays the changesets that would get published.  An actual "push",
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with a lasting effect on the Isabelle repository, works like this:
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  hg push ssh://wenzelm@atbroy100//home/isabelle-repository/repos/isabelle
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Default paths for push and pull can be configure in isabelle/.hg/hgrc,
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for example:
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  [paths]
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  default = ssh://wenzelm@atbroy100//home/isabelle-repository/repos/isabelle
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Now "hg pull" or "hg push" will use that shared file space, unless a
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different URL is specified explicitly.
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When cloning a repository, the default path is set to the initial
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source URL.  So we could have cloned via that ssh URL in the first
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place, to get exactly to the same point:
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  hg clone ssh://wenzelm@atbroy100//home/isabelle-repository/repos/isabelle
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Content discipline
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==================
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Old-style centralized version control is occasionally compared to "a
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library where everybody scribbles into the books".  Or seen the other
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way round, the centralized model discourages individual
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experimentation (with local branches etc.), because everything is
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forced to happen on a shared file space.  With Mercurial, arbitrary
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variations on local clones are no problem, but care is required again
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when publishing changes eventually.
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The following principles should be kept in mind when producing
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changesets that might become public at some point.
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  * The author of changes should be properly identified, using
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    ui/username configuration as described above.
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    While Mercurial also provides means for signed changesets, we want
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    to keep things simple and trust that users specify their identity
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    correctly.
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  * The history of sources is an integral part of the sources
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    themselves.  This means that private experiments and branches
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    should not be published, unless they are really meant to become
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    universally available.
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    Note that exchanging local experiments with some other users can
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    be done directly on peer-to-peer basis, without affecting the
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    central pull/push area.
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  * Log messages are an integral part of the history of sources.
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    Other users will have to look there eventually, to understand why
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    things have been done in a certain way at some point.
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    Mercurial provides nice web presentation of incoming changes with
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    a digest of log entries; this also includes RSS/Atom news feeds.
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    Users should be aware that others will actually read what is
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    written into log messages.
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    The usual changelog presentation style for the Isabelle repository
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    admits log entries that consist of several lines, but without the
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    special headline that is used in Mercurial projects elsewhere.
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    Since some display styles strip newlines from text, it is
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    advisable to separate lines via punctuation, and not rely on
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    two-dimensional presentation too much.
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Building Isabelle from the repository version
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=============================================
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Compared to a proper distribution or development snapshot, a
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repository version of Isabelle lacks textual version identifiers in
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some sources and scripts, and various components produced by
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Admin/build are missing.  After applying that script with suitable
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arguments, the regular user instructions for building and running
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Isabelle from sources apply.
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Needless to say, the results from the build process must not be added
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to the repository!
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Makarius 30-Nov-2008