src/Pure/envir.ML
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(*  Title:      Pure/envir.ML
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    ID:         $Id$
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    Author:     Lawrence C Paulson, Cambridge University Computer Laboratory
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    Copyright   1988  University of Cambridge
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Environments.  The type of a term variable / sort of a type variable is
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part of its name. The lookup function must apply type substitutions,
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since they may change the identity of a variable.
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*)
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signature ENVIR =
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sig
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  type tenv
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  datatype env = Envir of {asol: tenv, iTs: Type.tyenv, maxidx: int}
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  val type_env: env -> Type.tyenv
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  exception SAME
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  val genvars: string -> env * typ list -> env * term list
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  val genvar: string -> env * typ -> env * term
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  val lookup: env * (indexname * typ) -> term option
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  val lookup': tenv * (indexname * typ) -> term option
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  val update: ((indexname * typ) * term) * env -> env
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  val empty: int -> env
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  val is_empty: env -> bool
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  val above: int * env -> bool
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  val vupdate: ((indexname * typ) * term) * env -> env
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  val alist_of: env -> (indexname * (typ * term)) list
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  val norm_term: env -> term -> term
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  val norm_term_same: env -> term -> term
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  val norm_type: Type.tyenv -> typ -> typ
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  val norm_type_same: Type.tyenv -> typ -> typ
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  val norm_types_same: Type.tyenv -> typ list -> typ list
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  val beta_norm: term -> term
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  val head_norm: env -> term -> term
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  val fastype: env -> typ list -> term -> typ
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  val typ_subst_TVars: Type.tyenv -> typ -> typ
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  val subst_TVars: Type.tyenv -> term -> term
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  val subst_Vars: tenv -> term -> term
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  val subst_vars: Type.tyenv * tenv -> term -> term
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end;
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structure Envir : ENVIR =
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struct
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(*updating can destroy environment in 2 ways!!
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   (1) variables out of range   (2) circular assignments
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*)
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type tenv = (typ * term) Vartab.table
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datatype env = Envir of
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    {maxidx: int,      (*maximum index of vars*)
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     asol: tenv,       (*table of assignments to Vars*)
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     iTs: Type.tyenv}  (*table of assignments to TVars*)
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fun type_env (Envir {iTs, ...}) = iTs;
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(*Generate a list of distinct variables.
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  Increments index to make them distinct from ALL present variables. *)
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fun genvars name (Envir{maxidx, asol, iTs}, Ts) : env * term list =
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  let fun genvs (_, [] : typ list) : term list = []
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        | genvs (n, [T]) = [ Var((name, maxidx+1), T) ]
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        | genvs (n, T::Ts) =
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            Var((name ^ radixstring(26,"a",n), maxidx+1), T)
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            :: genvs(n+1,Ts)
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  in  (Envir{maxidx=maxidx+1, asol=asol, iTs=iTs}, genvs (0,Ts))  end;
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(*Generate a variable.*)
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fun genvar name (env,T) : env * term =
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  let val (env',[v]) = genvars name (env,[T])
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  in  (env',v)  end;
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fun var_clash ixn T T' = raise TYPE ("Variable " ^
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  quote (Syntax.string_of_vname ixn) ^ " has two distinct types",
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  [T', T], []);
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fun gen_lookup f asol (xname, T) =
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  (case Vartab.lookup asol xname of
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     NONE => NONE
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   | SOME (U, t) => if f (T, U) then SOME t
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       else var_clash xname T U);
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(* When dealing with environments produced by matching instead *)
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(* of unification, there is no need to chase assigned TVars.   *)
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(* In this case, we can simply ignore the type substitution    *)
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(* and use = instead of eq_type.                               *)
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fun lookup' (asol, p) = gen_lookup op = asol p;
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fun lookup2 (iTs, asol) p =
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  if Vartab.is_empty iTs then lookup' (asol, p)
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  else gen_lookup (Type.eq_type iTs) asol p;
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fun lookup (Envir {asol, iTs, ...}, p) = lookup2 (iTs, asol) p;
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fun update (((xname, T), t), Envir {maxidx, asol, iTs}) =
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  Envir{maxidx=maxidx, asol=Vartab.update_new (xname, (T, t)) asol, iTs=iTs};
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(*The empty environment.  New variables will start with the given index+1.*)
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fun empty m = Envir{maxidx=m, asol=Vartab.empty, iTs=Vartab.empty};
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(*Test for empty environment*)
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fun is_empty (Envir {asol, iTs, ...}) = Vartab.is_empty asol andalso Vartab.is_empty iTs;
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(*Determine if the least index updated exceeds lim*)
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fun above (lim, Envir {asol, iTs, ...}) =
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  (case (Vartab.min_key asol, Vartab.min_key iTs) of
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     (NONE, NONE) => true
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   | (SOME (_, i), NONE) => i > lim
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   | (NONE, SOME (_, i')) => i' > lim
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   | (SOME (_, i), SOME (_, i')) => i > lim andalso i' > lim);
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(*Update, checking Var-Var assignments: try to suppress higher indexes*)
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fun vupdate ((aU as (a, U), t), env as Envir {iTs, ...}) = case t of
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      Var (nT as (name', T)) =>
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        if a = name' then env     (*cycle!*)
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        else if xless(a, name')  then
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           (case lookup (env, nT) of  (*if already assigned, chase*)
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                NONE => update ((nT, Var (a, T)), env)
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              | SOME u => vupdate ((aU, u), env))
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        else update ((aU, t), env)
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    | _ => update ((aU, t), env);
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(*Convert environment to alist*)
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fun alist_of (Envir{asol,...}) = Vartab.dest asol;
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(*** Beta normal form for terms (not eta normal form).
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     Chases variables in env;  Does not exploit sharing of variable bindings
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     Does not check types, so could loop. ***)
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(*raised when norm has no effect on a term, to do sharing instead of copying*)
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exception SAME;
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fun norm_term1 same (asol,t) : term =
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  let fun norm (Var wT) =
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            (case lookup' (asol, wT) of
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                SOME u => (norm u handle SAME => u)
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              | NONE   => raise SAME)
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        | norm (Abs(a,T,body)) =  Abs(a, T, norm body)
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        | norm (Abs(_,_,body) $ t) = normh(subst_bound (t, body))
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        | norm (f $ t) =
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            ((case norm f of
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               Abs(_,_,body) => normh(subst_bound (t, body))
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             | nf => nf $ (norm t handle SAME => t))
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            handle SAME => f $ norm t)
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        | norm _ =  raise SAME
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      and normh t = norm t handle SAME => t
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  in (if same then norm else normh) t end
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fun normT iTs (Type (a, Ts)) = Type (a, normTs iTs Ts)
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  | normT iTs (TFree _) = raise SAME
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  | normT iTs (TVar vS) = (case Type.lookup (iTs, vS) of
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          SOME U => normTh iTs U
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        | NONE => raise SAME)
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and normTh iTs T = ((normT iTs T) handle SAME => T)
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and normTs iTs [] = raise SAME
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  | normTs iTs (T :: Ts) =
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      ((normT iTs T :: (normTs iTs Ts handle SAME => Ts))
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       handle SAME => T :: normTs iTs Ts);
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fun norm_term2 same (asol, iTs, t) : term =
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  let fun norm (Const (a, T)) = Const(a, normT iTs T)
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        | norm (Free (a, T)) = Free(a, normT iTs T)
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        | norm (Var (w, T)) =
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            (case lookup2 (iTs, asol) (w, T) of
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                SOME u => normh u
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              | NONE   => Var(w, normT iTs T))
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        | norm (Abs (a, T, body)) =
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               (Abs (a, normT iTs T, normh body) handle SAME => Abs (a, T, norm body))
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        | norm (Abs(_, _, body) $ t) = normh (subst_bound (t, body))
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        | norm (f $ t) =
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            ((case norm f of
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               Abs(_, _, body) => normh (subst_bound (t, body))
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             | nf => nf $ normh t)
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            handle SAME => f $ norm t)
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        | norm _ =  raise SAME
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      and normh t = (norm t) handle SAME => t
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  in (if same then norm else normh) t end;
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fun gen_norm_term same (env as Envir{asol,iTs,...}) t : term =
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  if Vartab.is_empty iTs then norm_term1 same (asol, t)
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  else norm_term2 same (asol, iTs, t);
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val norm_term = gen_norm_term false;
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val norm_term_same = gen_norm_term true;
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val beta_norm = norm_term (empty 0);
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fun norm_type iTs = normTh iTs;
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fun norm_type_same iTs =
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  if Vartab.is_empty iTs then raise SAME else normT iTs;
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fun norm_types_same iTs =
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  if Vartab.is_empty iTs then raise SAME else normTs iTs;
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(*Put a term into head normal form for unification.*)
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fun head_norm env t =
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  let
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    fun hnorm (Var vT) = (case lookup (env, vT) of
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          SOME u => head_norm env u
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        | NONE => raise SAME)
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      | hnorm (Abs (a, T, body)) =  Abs (a, T, hnorm body)
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      | hnorm (Abs (_, _, body) $ t) =
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          head_norm env (subst_bound (t, body))
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      | hnorm (f $ t) = (case hnorm f of
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          Abs (_, _, body) => head_norm env (subst_bound (t, body))
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        | nf => nf $ t)
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	  | hnorm _ =  raise SAME
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  in hnorm t handle SAME => t end;
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(*finds type of term without checking that combinations are consistent
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  Ts holds types of bound variables*)
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fun fastype (Envir {iTs, ...}) =
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let val funerr = "fastype: expected function type";
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    fun fast Ts (f $ u) =
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	(case fast Ts f of
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	   Type ("fun", [_, T]) => T
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	 | TVar ixnS =>
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		(case Type.lookup (iTs, ixnS) of
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		   SOME (Type ("fun", [_, T])) => T
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		 | _ => raise TERM (funerr, [f $ u]))
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	 | _ => raise TERM (funerr, [f $ u]))
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      | fast Ts (Const (_, T)) = T
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      | fast Ts (Free (_, T)) = T
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      | fast Ts (Bound i) =
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	(List.nth (Ts, i)
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  	 handle Subscript => raise TERM ("fastype: Bound", [Bound i]))
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      | fast Ts (Var (_, T)) = T 
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      | fast Ts (Abs (_, T, u)) = T --> fast (T :: Ts) u
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in fast end;
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(*Substitute for type Vars in a type*)
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fun typ_subst_TVars iTs T = if Vartab.is_empty iTs then T else
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  let fun subst(Type(a, Ts)) = Type(a, map subst Ts)
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        | subst(T as TFree _) = T
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        | subst(T as TVar ixnS) =
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            (case Type.lookup (iTs, ixnS) of NONE => T | SOME(U) => U)
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  in subst T end;
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(*Substitute for type Vars in a term*)
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val subst_TVars = map_term_types o typ_subst_TVars;
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(*Substitute for Vars in a term *)
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fun subst_Vars itms t = if Vartab.is_empty itms then t else
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  let fun subst (v as Var ixnT) = getOpt (lookup' (itms, ixnT), v)
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        | subst (Abs (a, T, t)) = Abs (a, T, subst t)
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        | subst (f $ t) = subst f $ subst t
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        | subst t = t
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  in subst t end;
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(*Substitute for type/term Vars in a term *)
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fun subst_vars (iTs, itms) =
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  if Vartab.is_empty iTs then subst_Vars itms else
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  let fun subst (Const (a, T)) = Const(a, typ_subst_TVars iTs T)
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        | subst (Free (a, T)) = Free (a, typ_subst_TVars iTs T)
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        | subst (Var (ixn, T)) = (case lookup' (itms, (ixn, T)) of
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            NONE   => Var (ixn, typ_subst_TVars iTs T)
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          | SOME t => t)
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        | subst (b as Bound _) = b
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        | subst (Abs (a, T, t)) = Abs(a, typ_subst_TVars iTs T, subst t)
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        | subst (f $ t) = subst f $ subst t
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  in subst end;
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end;