author | haftmann |
Wed, 10 Feb 2010 08:49:26 +0100 | |
changeset 35084 | e25eedfc15ce |
parent 32960 | 69916a850301 |
permissions | -rw-r--r-- |
32960
69916a850301
eliminated hard tabulators, guessing at each author's individual tab-width;
wenzelm
parents:
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(* |
69916a850301
eliminated hard tabulators, guessing at each author's individual tab-width;
wenzelm
parents:
19769
diff
changeset
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Author: Sava Krsti\'{c} and John Matthews |
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*) |
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header {* Example use if an inductive invariant to solve termination conditions *} |
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theory InductiveInvariant_examples imports InductiveInvariant begin |
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text "A simple example showing how to use an inductive invariant |
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to solve termination conditions generated by recdef on |
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nested recursive function definitions." |
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consts g :: "nat => nat" |
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recdef (permissive) g "less_than" |
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"g 0 = 0" |
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"g (Suc n) = g (g n)" |
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text "We can prove the unsolved termination condition for |
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g by showing it is an inductive invariant." |
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recdef_tc g_tc[simp]: g |
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apply (rule allI) |
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apply (rule_tac x=n in tfl_indinv_wfrec [OF g_def]) |
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apply (auto simp add: indinv_def split: nat.split) |
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apply (frule_tac x=nat in spec) |
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apply (drule_tac x="f nat" in spec) |
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by auto |
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text "This declaration invokes Isabelle's simplifier to |
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remove any termination conditions before adding |
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g's rules to the simpset." |
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declare g.simps [simplified, simp] |
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text "This is an example where the termination condition generated |
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by recdef is not itself an inductive invariant." |
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consts g' :: "nat => nat" |
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recdef (permissive) g' "less_than" |
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"g' 0 = 0" |
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"g' (Suc n) = g' n + g' (g' n)" |
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thm g'.simps |
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text "The strengthened inductive invariant is as follows |
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(this invariant also works for the first example above):" |
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lemma g'_inv: "g' n = 0" |
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thm tfl_indinv_wfrec [OF g'_def] |
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apply (rule_tac x=n in tfl_indinv_wfrec [OF g'_def]) |
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by (auto simp add: indinv_def split: nat.split) |
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recdef_tc g'_tc[simp]: g' |
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by (simp add: g'_inv) |
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text "Now we can remove the termination condition from |
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the rules for g' ." |
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thm g'.simps [simplified] |
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text {* Sometimes a recursive definition is partial, that is, it |
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is only meant to be invoked on "good" inputs. As a contrived |
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example, we will define a new version of g that is only |
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well defined for even inputs greater than zero. *} |
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consts g_even :: "nat => nat" |
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recdef (permissive) g_even "less_than" |
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"g_even (Suc (Suc 0)) = 3" |
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"g_even n = g_even (g_even (n - 2) - 1)" |
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text "We can prove a conditional version of the unsolved termination |
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condition for @{term g_even} by proving a stronger inductive invariant." |
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lemma g_even_indinv: "\<exists>k. n = Suc (Suc (2*k)) ==> g_even n = 3" |
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apply (rule_tac D="{n. \<exists>k. n = Suc (Suc (2*k))}" and x=n in tfl_indinv_on_wfrec [OF g_even_def]) |
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apply (auto simp add: indinv_on_def split: nat.split) |
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by (case_tac ka, auto) |
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text "Now we can prove that the second recursion equation for @{term g_even} |
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holds, provided that n is an even number greater than two." |
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theorem g_even_n: "\<exists>k. n = 2*k + 4 ==> g_even n = g_even (g_even (n - 2) - 1)" |
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apply (subgoal_tac "(\<exists>k. n - 2 = 2*k + 2) & (\<exists>k. n = 2*k + 2)") |
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by (auto simp add: g_even_indinv, arith) |
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text "McCarthy's ninety-one function. This function requires a |
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non-standard measure to prove termination." |
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consts ninety_one :: "nat => nat" |
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recdef (permissive) ninety_one "measure (%n. 101 - n)" |
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"ninety_one x = (if 100 < x |
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then x - 10 |
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else (ninety_one (ninety_one (x+11))))" |
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text "To discharge the termination condition, we will prove |
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a strengthened inductive invariant: |
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S x y == x < y + 11" |
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lemma ninety_one_inv: "n < ninety_one n + 11" |
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apply (rule_tac x=n in tfl_indinv_wfrec [OF ninety_one_def]) |
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apply force |
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19769
c40ce2de2020
Added [simp]-lemmas "in_inv_image" and "in_lex_prod" in the spirit of "in_measure".
krauss
parents:
19623
diff
changeset
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apply (auto simp add: indinv_def) |
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apply (frule_tac x="x+11" in spec) |
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apply (frule_tac x="f (x + 11)" in spec) |
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by arith |
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text "Proving the termination condition using the |
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strengthened inductive invariant." |
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recdef_tc ninety_one_tc[rule_format]: ninety_one |
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apply clarify |
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by (cut_tac n="x+11" in ninety_one_inv, arith) |
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text "Now we can remove the termination condition from |
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the simplification rule for @{term ninety_one}." |
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theorem def_ninety_one: |
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"ninety_one x = (if 100 < x |
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then x - 10 |
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else ninety_one (ninety_one (x+11)))" |
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by (subst ninety_one.simps, |
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19769
c40ce2de2020
Added [simp]-lemmas "in_inv_image" and "in_lex_prod" in the spirit of "in_measure".
krauss
parents:
19623
diff
changeset
|
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simp add: ninety_one_tc) |
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end |