src/Provers/splitter.ML
author nipkow
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sar split method uses new gen_split_tac.
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(*  Title:      Provers/splitter
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    ID:         $Id$
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    Author:     Tobias Nipkow
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    Copyright   1995  TU Munich
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Generic case-splitter, suitable for most logics.
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*)
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infix 4 addsplits delsplits;
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signature SPLITTER_DATA =
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sig
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  structure Simplifier: SIMPLIFIER
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  val mk_eq         : thm -> thm
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  val meta_eq_to_iff: thm (* "x == y ==> x = y"                    *)
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  val iffD          : thm (* "[| P = Q; Q |] ==> P"                *)
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  val disjE         : thm (* "[| P | Q; P ==> R; Q ==> R |] ==> R" *)
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  val conjE         : thm (* "[| P & Q; [| P; Q |] ==> R |] ==> R" *)
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  val exE           : thm (* "[|  x. P x; !!x. P x ==> Q |] ==> Q" *)
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  val contrapos     : thm (* "[| ~ Q; P ==> Q |] ==> ~ P"          *)
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  val contrapos2    : thm (* "[| Q; ~ P ==> ~ Q |] ==> P"          *)
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  val notnotD       : thm (* "~ ~ P ==> P"                         *)
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end
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signature SPLITTER =
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sig
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  type simpset
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  val split_tac       : thm list -> int -> tactic
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  val split_inside_tac: thm list -> int -> tactic
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  val split_asm_tac   : thm list -> int -> tactic
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  val addsplits       : simpset * thm list -> simpset
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  val delsplits       : simpset * thm list -> simpset
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  val Addsplits       : thm list -> unit
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  val Delsplits       : thm list -> unit
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  val split_add_global: theory attribute
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  val split_del_global: theory attribute
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  val split_add_local: Proof.context attribute
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  val split_del_local: Proof.context attribute
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  val split_modifiers : (Args.T list -> (Method.modifier * Args.T list)) list
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  val setup: (theory -> theory) list
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end;
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functor SplitterFun(Data: SPLITTER_DATA): SPLITTER =
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struct 
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structure Simplifier = Data.Simplifier;
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type simpset = Simplifier.simpset;
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val Const ("==>", _) $ (Const ("Trueprop", _) $
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         (Const (const_not, _) $ _    )) $ _ = #prop (rep_thm(Data.notnotD));
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val Const ("==>", _) $ (Const ("Trueprop", _) $
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         (Const (const_or , _) $ _ $ _)) $ _ = #prop (rep_thm(Data.disjE));
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fun split_format_err() = error("Wrong format for split rule");
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fun split_thm_info thm = case concl_of (Data.mk_eq thm) of
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     Const("==", _)$(Var _$t)$c =>
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        (case strip_comb t of
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           (Const(a,_),_) => (a,case c of (Const(s,_)$_)=>s=const_not|_=> false)
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         | _              => split_format_err())
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   | _ => split_format_err();
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fun mk_case_split_tac order =
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let
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(************************************************************
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   Create lift-theorem "trlift" :
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   [| !!x. Q x == R x; P(%x. R x) == C |] ==> P (%x. Q x) == C
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*************************************************************)
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val meta_iffD = Data.meta_eq_to_iff RS Data.iffD;
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val lift =
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  let val ct = read_cterm (#sign(rep_thm Data.iffD))
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           ("[| !!x. (Q::('b::logic)=>('c::logic))(x) == R(x) |] ==> \
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            \P(%x. Q(x)) == P(%x. R(x))::'a::logic",propT)
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  in prove_goalw_cterm [] ct
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     (fn [prem] => [rewtac prem, rtac reflexive_thm 1])
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  end;
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val trlift = lift RS transitive_thm;
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val _ $ (P $ _) $ _ = concl_of trlift;
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(************************************************************************ 
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   Set up term for instantiation of P in the lift-theorem
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   Ts    : types of parameters (i.e. variables bound by meta-quantifiers)
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   t     : lefthand side of meta-equality in subgoal
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           the lift theorem is applied to (see select)
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   pos   : "path" leading to abstraction, coded as a list
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   T     : type of body of P(...)
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   maxi  : maximum index of Vars
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*************************************************************************)
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fun mk_cntxt Ts t pos T maxi =
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  let fun var (t,i) = Var(("X",i),type_of1(Ts,t));
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      fun down [] t i = Bound 0
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        | down (p::ps) t i =
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            let val (h,ts) = strip_comb t
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                val v1 = ListPair.map var (take(p,ts), i upto (i+p-1))
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                val u::us = drop(p,ts)
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                val v2 = ListPair.map var (us, (i+p) upto (i+length(ts)-2))
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      in list_comb(h,v1@[down ps u (i+length ts)]@v2) end;
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  in Abs("", T, down (rev pos) t maxi) end;
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(************************************************************************ 
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   Set up term for instantiation of P in the split-theorem
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   P(...) == rhs
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   t     : lefthand side of meta-equality in subgoal
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           the split theorem is applied to (see select)
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   T     : type of body of P(...)
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   tt    : the term  Const(key,..) $ ...
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*************************************************************************)
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fun mk_cntxt_splitthm t tt T =
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  let fun repl lev t =
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    if incr_boundvars lev tt aconv t then Bound lev
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    else case t of
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        (Abs (v, T2, t)) => Abs (v, T2, repl (lev+1) t)
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      | (Bound i) => Bound (if i>=lev then i+1 else i)
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      | (t1 $ t2) => (repl lev t1) $ (repl lev t2)
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      | t => t
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  in Abs("", T, repl 0 t) end;
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(* add all loose bound variables in t to list is *)
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fun add_lbnos(is,t) = add_loose_bnos(t,0,is);
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(* check if the innermost abstraction that needs to be removed
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   has a body of type T; otherwise the expansion thm will fail later on
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*)
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fun type_test(T,lbnos,apsns) =
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  let val (_,U,_) = nth_elem(foldl Int.min (hd lbnos, tl lbnos), apsns)
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  in T=U end;
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(*************************************************************************
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   Create a "split_pack".
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   thm   : the relevant split-theorem, i.e. P(...) == rhs , where P(...)
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           is of the form
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           P( Const(key,...) $ t_1 $ ... $ t_n )      (e.g. key = "if")
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   T     : type of P(...)
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   T'    : type of term to be scanned
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   n     : number of arguments expected by Const(key,...)
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   ts    : list of arguments actually found
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   apsns : list of tuples of the form (T,U,pos), one tuple for each
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           abstraction that is encountered on the way to the position where 
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           Const(key, ...) $ ...  occurs, where
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           T   : type of the variable bound by the abstraction
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           U   : type of the abstraction's body
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           pos : "path" leading to the body of the abstraction
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   pos   : "path" leading to the position where Const(key, ...) $ ...  occurs.
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   TB    : type of  Const(key,...) $ t_1 $ ... $ t_n
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   t     : the term Const(key,...) $ t_1 $ ... $ t_n
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   A split pack is a tuple of the form
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   (thm, apsns, pos, TB, tt)
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   Note : apsns is reversed, so that the outermost quantifier's position
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          comes first ! If the terms in ts don't contain variables bound
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          by other than meta-quantifiers, apsns is empty, because no further
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          lifting is required before applying the split-theorem.
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******************************************************************************) 
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fun mk_split_pack(thm, T, T', n, ts, apsns, pos, TB, t) =
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  if n > length ts then []
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  else let val lev = length apsns
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           val lbnos = foldl add_lbnos ([],take(n,ts))
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           val flbnos = filter (fn i => i < lev) lbnos
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           val tt = incr_boundvars (~lev) t
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       in if null flbnos then
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            if T = T' then [(thm,[],pos,TB,tt)] else []
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          else if type_test(T,flbnos,apsns) then [(thm, rev apsns,pos,TB,tt)]
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               else []
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       end;
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(****************************************************************************
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   Recursively scans term for occurences of Const(key,...) $ ...
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   Returns a list of "split-packs" (one for each occurence of Const(key,...) )
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   cmap : association list of split-theorems that should be tried.
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          The elements have the format (key,(thm,T,n)) , where
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          key : the theorem's key constant ( Const(key,...) $ ... )
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          thm : the theorem itself
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          T   : type of P( Const(key,...) $ ... )
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          n   : number of arguments expected by Const(key,...)
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   Ts   : types of parameters
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   t    : the term to be scanned
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******************************************************************************)
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fun split_posns cmap sg Ts t =
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  let
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    val T' = fastype_of1 (Ts, t);
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    fun posns Ts pos apsns (Abs (_, T, t)) =
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          let val U = fastype_of1 (T::Ts,t)
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          in posns (T::Ts) (0::pos) ((T, U, pos)::apsns) t end
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      | posns Ts pos apsns t =
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          let
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            val (h, ts) = strip_comb t
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            fun iter((i, a), t) = (i+1, (posns Ts (i::pos) apsns t) @ a);
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            val a = case h of
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              Const(c, cT) =>
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                let fun find [] = []
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                      | find ((gcT, thm, T, n)::tups) =
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                          if Sign.typ_instance sg (cT, gcT)
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                          then
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                            let val t2 = list_comb (h, take (n, ts))
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                            in mk_split_pack(thm,T,T',n,ts,apsns,pos,type_of1(Ts,t2),t2)
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                            end
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                          else find tups
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                in find (assocs cmap c) end
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            | _ => []
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          in snd(foldl iter ((0, a), ts)) end
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  in posns Ts [] [] t end;
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fun nth_subgoal i thm = nth_elem(i-1,prems_of thm);
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fun shorter((_,ps,pos,_,_),(_,qs,qos,_,_)) =
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  prod_ord (int_ord o pairself length) (order o pairself length)
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    ((ps, pos), (qs, qos));
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(************************************************************
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   call split_posns with appropriate parameters
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*************************************************************)
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fun select cmap state i =
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  let val sg = #sign(rep_thm state)
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      val goali = nth_subgoal i state
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      val Ts = rev(map #2 (Logic.strip_params goali))
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      val _ $ t $ _ = Logic.strip_assums_concl goali;
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  in (Ts,t, sort shorter (split_posns cmap sg Ts t)) end;
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(*************************************************************
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   instantiate lift theorem
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   if t is of the form
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   ... ( Const(...,...) $ Abs( .... ) ) ...
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   then
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   P = %a.  ... ( Const(...,...) $ a ) ...
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   where a has type T --> U
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   Ts      : types of parameters
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   t       : lefthand side of meta-equality in subgoal
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             the split theorem is applied to (see cmap)
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   T,U,pos : see mk_split_pack
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   state   : current proof state
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   lift    : the lift theorem
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   i       : no. of subgoal
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**************************************************************)
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fun inst_lift Ts t (T, U, pos) state i =
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  let
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    val cert = cterm_of (sign_of_thm state);
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    val cntxt = mk_cntxt Ts t pos (T --> U) (#maxidx(rep_thm trlift));    
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  in cterm_instantiate [(cert P, cert cntxt)] trlift
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  end;
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(*************************************************************
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   instantiate split theorem
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   Ts    : types of parameters
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   t     : lefthand side of meta-equality in subgoal
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           the split theorem is applied to (see cmap)
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   tt    : the term  Const(key,..) $ ...
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   thm   : the split theorem
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   TB    : type of body of P(...)
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   state : current proof state
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   i     : number of subgoal
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**************************************************************)
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fun inst_split Ts t tt thm TB state i =
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  let 
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    val thm' = Thm.lift_rule (state, i) thm;
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    val (P, _) = strip_comb (fst (Logic.dest_equals
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      (Logic.strip_assums_concl (#prop (rep_thm thm')))));
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    val cert = cterm_of (sign_of_thm state);
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    val cntxt = mk_cntxt_splitthm t tt TB;
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    val abss = foldl (fn (t, T) => Abs ("", T, t));
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  in cterm_instantiate [(cert P, cert (abss (cntxt, Ts)))] thm'
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  end;
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(*****************************************************************************
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   The split-tactic
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   splits : list of split-theorems to be tried
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   i      : number of subgoal the tactic should be applied to
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*****************************************************************************)
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fun split_tac [] i = no_tac
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  | split_tac splits i =
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  let val splits = map Data.mk_eq splits;
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      fun add_thm(cmap,thm) =
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            (case concl_of thm of _$(t as _$lhs)$_ =>
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               (case strip_comb lhs of (Const(a,aT),args) =>
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                  let val info = (aT,thm,fastype_of t,length args)
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                  in case assoc(cmap,a) of
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                       Some infos => overwrite(cmap,(a,info::infos))
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                     | None => (a,[info])::cmap
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                  end
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                | _ => split_format_err())
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             | _ => split_format_err())
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      val cmap = foldl add_thm ([],splits);
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      fun lift_tac Ts t p st = rtac (inst_lift Ts t p st i) i st
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      fun lift_split_tac state =
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            let val (Ts, t, splits) = select cmap state i
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            in case splits of
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                 [] => no_tac state
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               | (thm, apsns, pos, TB, tt)::_ =>
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                   (case apsns of
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                      [] => compose_tac (false, inst_split Ts t tt thm TB state i, 0) i state
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                    | p::_ => EVERY [lift_tac Ts t p,
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                                     rtac reflexive_thm (i+1),
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                                     lift_split_tac] state)
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            end
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  in COND (has_fewer_prems i) no_tac 
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          (rtac meta_iffD i THEN lift_split_tac)
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  end;
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in split_tac end;
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val split_tac        = mk_case_split_tac              int_ord;
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val split_inside_tac = mk_case_split_tac (rev_order o int_ord);
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(*****************************************************************************
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   The split-tactic for premises
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   splits : list of split-theorems to be tried
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****************************************************************************)
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fun split_asm_tac []     = K no_tac
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  | split_asm_tac splits = 
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  let val cname_list = map (fst o split_thm_info) splits;
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      fun is_case (a,_) = a mem cname_list;
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      fun tac (t,i) = 
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	  let val n = find_index (exists_Const is_case) 
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				 (Logic.strip_assums_hyp t);
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	      fun first_prem_is_disj (Const ("==>", _) $ (Const ("Trueprop", _)
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				 $ (Const (s, _) $ _ $ _ )) $ _ ) = (s=const_or)
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	      |   first_prem_is_disj (Const("all",_)$Abs(_,_,t)) = 
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					first_prem_is_disj t
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	      |   first_prem_is_disj _ = false;
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      (* does not work properly if the split variable is bound by a quantfier *)
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	      fun flat_prems_tac i = SUBGOAL (fn (t,i) => 
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			   (if first_prem_is_disj t
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			    then EVERY[etac Data.disjE i,rotate_tac ~1 i,
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				       rotate_tac ~1  (i+1),
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				       flat_prems_tac (i+1)]
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			    else all_tac) 
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			   THEN REPEAT (eresolve_tac [Data.conjE,Data.exE] i)
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			   THEN REPEAT (dresolve_tac [Data.notnotD]   i)) i;
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	  in if n<0 then no_tac else DETERM (EVERY'
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		[rotate_tac n, etac Data.contrapos2,
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		 split_tac splits, 
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		 rotate_tac ~1, etac Data.contrapos, rotate_tac ~1, 
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		 flat_prems_tac] i)
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	  end;
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  in SUBGOAL tac
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  end;
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fun gen_split_tac [] = K no_tac
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  | gen_split_tac (split::splits) =
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      let val (_,asm) = split_thm_info split
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      in (if asm then split_asm_tac else split_tac) [split] ORELSE'
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         gen_split_tac splits
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      end;
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(** declare split rules **)
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(* addsplits / delsplits *)
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fun split_name name asm = "split " ^ name ^ (if asm then " asm" else "");
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fun ss addsplits splits =
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   389
  let fun addsplit (ss,split) =
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        let val (name,asm) = split_thm_info split
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        in Simplifier.addloop(ss,(split_name name asm,
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		       (if asm then split_asm_tac else split_tac) [split])) end
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   393
  in foldl addsplit (ss,splits) end;
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fun ss delsplits splits =
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  let fun delsplit(ss,split) =
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        let val (name,asm) = split_thm_info split
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        in Simplifier.delloop(ss,split_name name asm)
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  end in foldl delsplit (ss,splits) end;
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fun Addsplits splits = (Simplifier.simpset_ref() := 
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			Simplifier.simpset() addsplits splits);
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fun Delsplits splits = (Simplifier.simpset_ref() := 
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			Simplifier.simpset() delsplits splits);
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(* attributes *)
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   408
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val splitN = "split";
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   410
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   411
val split_add_global = Simplifier.change_global_ss (op addsplits);
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   412
val split_del_global = Simplifier.change_global_ss (op delsplits);
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   413
val split_add_local = Simplifier.change_local_ss (op addsplits);
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   414
val split_del_local = Simplifier.change_local_ss (op delsplits);
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8634
3f34637cb9c0 use Attrib.add_del_args;
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   416
val split_attr =
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   417
 (Attrib.add_del_args split_add_global split_del_global,
3f34637cb9c0 use Attrib.add_del_args;
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   418
  Attrib.add_del_args split_add_local split_del_local);
3f34637cb9c0 use Attrib.add_del_args;
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3f34637cb9c0 use Attrib.add_del_args;
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   420
9703
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(* methods *)
8468
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   422
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   423
val split_modifiers =
8815
187547eae4c5 use Args.colon / Args.parens;
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 [Args.$$$ splitN -- Args.colon >> K ((I, split_add_local): Method.modifier),
10034
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  Args.$$$ splitN -- Args.add -- Args.colon >> K (I, split_add_local),
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  Args.$$$ splitN -- Args.del -- Args.colon >> K (I, split_del_local)];
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10652
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val split_args = #2 oo Method.syntax Attrib.local_thms;
9807
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fun split_meth ths = Method.SIMPLE_METHOD' HEADGOAL (gen_split_tac ths);
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8468
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   433
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   434
(** theory setup **)
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   435
9703
bf65780eed02 added 'split' method;
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   436
val setup =
9900
8035a13c61a0 tuned msgs;
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   437
 [Attrib.add_attributes [(splitN, split_attr, "declaration of case split rule")],
8035a13c61a0 tuned msgs;
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   438
  Method.add_methods [(splitN, split_meth oo split_args, "apply case split rule")]];
4189
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   439
1721
445654b6cb95 Rewrote mk_cntxt_splitthm. Added function mk_case_split_inside_tac.
berghofe
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   440
end;