src/ZF/QUniv.ML

added Syntax/symbol_font.ML;

(*  Title:      ZF/quniv
    ID:         $Id$
    Author:     Lawrence C Paulson, Cambridge University Computer Laboratory
    Copyright   1993  University of Cambridge

For quniv.thy.  A small universe for lazy recursive types
*)

open QUniv;

(** Properties involving Transset and Sum **)

val [prem1,prem2] = goalw QUniv.thy [sum_def]
    "[| Transset(C); A+B <= C |] ==> A <= C & B <= C";
by (rtac (prem2 RS (Un_subset_iff RS iffD1) RS conjE) 1);
by (REPEAT (etac (prem1 RS Transset_includes_range) 1
     ORELSE resolve_tac [conjI, singletonI] 1));
qed "Transset_includes_summands";

val [prem] = goalw QUniv.thy [sum_def]
    "Transset(C) ==> (A+B) Int C <= (A Int C) + (B Int C)";
by (stac Int_Un_distrib 1);
by (fast_tac (ZF_cs addSDs [prem RS Transset_Pair_D]) 1);
qed "Transset_sum_Int_subset";

(** Introduction and elimination rules avoid tiresome folding/unfolding **)

goalw QUniv.thy [quniv_def]
    "!!X A. X <= univ(eclose(A)) ==> X : quniv(A)";
by (etac PowI 1);
qed "qunivI";

goalw QUniv.thy [quniv_def]
    "!!X A. X : quniv(A) ==> X <= univ(eclose(A))";
by (etac PowD 1);
qed "qunivD";

goalw QUniv.thy [quniv_def] "!!A B. A<=B ==> quniv(A) <= quniv(B)";
by (etac (eclose_mono RS univ_mono RS Pow_mono) 1);
qed "quniv_mono";

(*** Closure properties ***)

goalw QUniv.thy [quniv_def] "univ(eclose(A)) <= quniv(A)";
by (rtac (Transset_iff_Pow RS iffD1) 1);
by (rtac (Transset_eclose RS Transset_univ) 1);
qed "univ_eclose_subset_quniv";

(*Key property for proving A_subset_quniv; requires eclose in def of quniv*)
goal QUniv.thy "univ(A) <= quniv(A)";
by (rtac (arg_subset_eclose RS univ_mono RS subset_trans) 1);
by (rtac univ_eclose_subset_quniv 1);
qed "univ_subset_quniv";

bind_thm ("univ_into_quniv", univ_subset_quniv RS subsetD);

goalw QUniv.thy [quniv_def] "Pow(univ(A)) <= quniv(A)";
by (rtac (arg_subset_eclose RS univ_mono RS Pow_mono) 1);
qed "Pow_univ_subset_quniv";

bind_thm ("univ_subset_into_quniv", 
          PowI RS (Pow_univ_subset_quniv RS subsetD));

bind_thm ("zero_in_quniv", zero_in_univ RS univ_into_quniv);
bind_thm ("one_in_quniv", one_in_univ RS univ_into_quniv);
bind_thm ("two_in_quniv", two_in_univ RS univ_into_quniv);

bind_thm ("A_subset_quniv",
          [A_subset_univ, univ_subset_quniv] MRS subset_trans);

val A_into_quniv = A_subset_quniv RS subsetD;

(*** univ(A) closure for Quine-inspired pairs and injections ***)

(*Quine ordered pairs*)
goalw QUniv.thy [QPair_def]
    "!!A a. [| a <= univ(A);  b <= univ(A) |] ==> <a;b> <= univ(A)";
by (REPEAT (ares_tac [sum_subset_univ] 1));
qed "QPair_subset_univ";

(** Quine disjoint sum **)

goalw QUniv.thy [QInl_def] "!!A a. a <= univ(A) ==> QInl(a) <= univ(A)";
by (etac (empty_subsetI RS QPair_subset_univ) 1);
qed "QInl_subset_univ";

val naturals_subset_nat =
    rewrite_rule [Transset_def] (Ord_nat RS Ord_is_Transset)
    RS bspec;

val naturals_subset_univ = 
    [naturals_subset_nat, nat_subset_univ] MRS subset_trans;

goalw QUniv.thy [QInr_def] "!!A a. a <= univ(A) ==> QInr(a) <= univ(A)";
by (etac (nat_1I RS naturals_subset_univ RS QPair_subset_univ) 1);
qed "QInr_subset_univ";

(*** Closure for Quine-inspired products and sums ***)

(*Quine ordered pairs*)
goalw QUniv.thy [quniv_def,QPair_def]
    "!!A a. [| a: quniv(A);  b: quniv(A) |] ==> <a;b> : quniv(A)";
by (REPEAT (dtac PowD 1));
by (REPEAT (ares_tac [PowI, sum_subset_univ] 1));
qed "QPair_in_quniv";

goal QUniv.thy "quniv(A) <*> quniv(A) <= quniv(A)";
by (REPEAT (ares_tac [subsetI, QPair_in_quniv] 1
     ORELSE eresolve_tac [QSigmaE, ssubst] 1));
qed "QSigma_quniv";

bind_thm ("QSigma_subset_quniv",
          [QSigma_mono, QSigma_quniv] MRS subset_trans);

(*The opposite inclusion*)
goalw QUniv.thy [quniv_def,QPair_def]
    "!!A a b. <a;b> : quniv(A) ==> a: quniv(A) & b: quniv(A)";
by (etac ([Transset_eclose RS Transset_univ, PowD] MRS 
          Transset_includes_summands RS conjE) 1);
by (REPEAT (ares_tac [conjI,PowI] 1));
qed "quniv_QPair_D";

bind_thm ("quniv_QPair_E", quniv_QPair_D RS conjE);

goal QUniv.thy "<a;b> : quniv(A) <-> a: quniv(A) & b: quniv(A)";
by (REPEAT (ares_tac [iffI, QPair_in_quniv, quniv_QPair_D] 1
     ORELSE etac conjE 1));
qed "quniv_QPair_iff";


(** Quine disjoint sum **)

goalw QUniv.thy [QInl_def] "!!A a. a: quniv(A) ==> QInl(a) : quniv(A)";
by (REPEAT (ares_tac [zero_in_quniv,QPair_in_quniv] 1));
qed "QInl_in_quniv";

goalw QUniv.thy [QInr_def] "!!A b. b: quniv(A) ==> QInr(b) : quniv(A)";
by (REPEAT (ares_tac [one_in_quniv, QPair_in_quniv] 1));
qed "QInr_in_quniv";

goal QUniv.thy "quniv(C) <+> quniv(C) <= quniv(C)";
by (REPEAT (ares_tac [subsetI, QInl_in_quniv, QInr_in_quniv] 1
     ORELSE eresolve_tac [qsumE, ssubst] 1));
qed "qsum_quniv";

bind_thm ("qsum_subset_quniv", [qsum_mono, qsum_quniv] MRS subset_trans);


(*** The natural numbers ***)

bind_thm ("nat_subset_quniv",
          [nat_subset_univ, univ_subset_quniv] MRS subset_trans);

(* n:nat ==> n:quniv(A) *)
bind_thm ("nat_into_quniv", (nat_subset_quniv RS subsetD));

bind_thm ("bool_subset_quniv",
          [bool_subset_univ, univ_subset_quniv] MRS subset_trans);

bind_thm ("bool_into_quniv", bool_subset_quniv RS subsetD);


(**** Properties of Vfrom analogous to the "take-lemma" ****)

(*** Intersecting a*b with Vfrom... ***)

(*This version says a, b exist one level down, in the smaller set Vfrom(X,i)*)
goal Univ.thy
    "!!X. [| {a,b} : Vfrom(X,succ(i));  Transset(X) |] ==> \
\         a: Vfrom(X,i)  &  b: Vfrom(X,i)";
by (dtac (Transset_Vfrom_succ RS equalityD1 RS subsetD RS PowD) 1);
by (assume_tac 1);
by (fast_tac ZF_cs 1);
qed "doubleton_in_Vfrom_D";

(*This weaker version says a, b exist at the same level*)
bind_thm ("Vfrom_doubleton_D", Transset_Vfrom RS Transset_doubleton_D);

(** Using only the weaker theorem would prove <a,b> : Vfrom(X,i)
      implies a, b : Vfrom(X,i), which is useless for induction.
    Using only the stronger theorem would prove <a,b> : Vfrom(X,succ(succ(i)))
      implies a, b : Vfrom(X,i), leaving the succ(i) case untreated.
    The combination gives a reduction by precisely one level, which is
      most convenient for proofs.
**)

goalw Univ.thy [Pair_def]
    "!!X. [| <a,b> : Vfrom(X,succ(i));  Transset(X) |] ==> \
\         a: Vfrom(X,i)  &  b: Vfrom(X,i)";
by (fast_tac (ZF_cs addSDs [doubleton_in_Vfrom_D, Vfrom_doubleton_D]) 1);
qed "Pair_in_Vfrom_D";

goal Univ.thy
 "!!X. Transset(X) ==>          \
\      (a*b) Int Vfrom(X, succ(i)) <= (a Int Vfrom(X,i)) * (b Int Vfrom(X,i))";
by (fast_tac (ZF_cs addSDs [Pair_in_Vfrom_D]) 1);
qed "product_Int_Vfrom_subset";

(*** Intersecting <a;b> with Vfrom... ***)

goalw QUniv.thy [QPair_def,sum_def]
 "!!X. Transset(X) ==>          \
\      <a;b> Int Vfrom(X, succ(i))  <=  <a Int Vfrom(X,i);  b Int Vfrom(X,i)>";
by (stac Int_Un_distrib 1);
by (rtac Un_mono 1);
by (REPEAT (ares_tac [product_Int_Vfrom_subset RS subset_trans,
                      [Int_lower1, subset_refl] MRS Sigma_mono] 1));
qed "QPair_Int_Vfrom_succ_subset";

(**** "Take-lemma" rules for proving a=b by coinduction and c: quniv(A) ****)

(*Rule for level i -- preserving the level, not decreasing it*)

goalw QUniv.thy [QPair_def]
 "!!X. Transset(X) ==>          \
\      <a;b> Int Vfrom(X,i)  <=  <a Int Vfrom(X,i);  b Int Vfrom(X,i)>";
by (etac (Transset_Vfrom RS Transset_sum_Int_subset) 1);
qed "QPair_Int_Vfrom_subset";

(*[| a Int Vset(i) <= c; b Int Vset(i) <= d |] ==> <a;b> Int Vset(i) <= <c;d>*)
bind_thm ("QPair_Int_Vset_subset_trans", 
          [Transset_0 RS QPair_Int_Vfrom_subset, QPair_mono] MRS subset_trans);

goal QUniv.thy 
 "!!i. [| Ord(i) \
\      |] ==> <a;b> Int Vset(i)  <=  (UN j:i. <a Int Vset(j); b Int Vset(j)>)";
by (etac Ord_cases 1 THEN REPEAT_FIRST hyp_subst_tac);
(*0 case*)
by (stac Vfrom_0 1);
by (fast_tac ZF_cs 1);
(*succ(j) case*)
by (rtac (Transset_0 RS QPair_Int_Vfrom_succ_subset RS subset_trans) 1);
by (rtac (succI1 RS UN_upper) 1);
(*Limit(i) case*)
by (asm_simp_tac (ZF_ss addsimps [Limit_Vfrom_eq, Int_UN_distrib, subset_refl,
                                  UN_mono, QPair_Int_Vset_subset_trans]) 1);
qed "QPair_Int_Vset_subset_UN";