src/Provers/hypsubst.ML
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(*  Title: 	Provers/hypsubst
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    ID:         $Id$
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    Authors: 	Martin D Coen, Tobias Nipkow and Lawrence C Paulson
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    Copyright   1995  University of Cambridge
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Tactic to substitute using (at least) the assumption x=t in the rest of the 
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subgoal, and to delete (at least) that assumption. 
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Original version due to Martin Coen.
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This version uses the simplifier, and requires it to be already present.
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Test data:
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goal thy "!!x.[| Q(x,y,z); y=x; a=x; z=y; P(y) |] ==> P(z)";
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goal thy "!!x.[| Q(x,y,z); z=f(x); x=z |] ==> P(z)";
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goal thy "!!y. [| ?x=y; P(?x) |] ==> y = a";
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goal thy "!!z. [| ?x=y; P(?x) |] ==> y = a";
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by (hyp_subst_tac 1);
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by (bound_hyp_subst_tac 1);
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Here hyp_subst_tac goes wrong; harder still to prove P(f(f(a))) & P(f(a))
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goal thy "P(a) --> (EX y. a=y --> P(f(a)))";
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goal thy "!!x. [| Q(x,h1); P(a,h2); R(x,y,h3); R(y,z,h4); x=f(y); \
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\                 P(x,h5); P(y,h6); K(x,h7) |] ==> Q(x,c)";
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by (blast_hyp_subst_tac (ref true) 1);
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*)
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signature HYPSUBST_DATA =
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  sig
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  structure Simplifier : SIMPLIFIER
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  val dest_Trueprop    : term -> term
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  val dest_eq	       : term -> term*term*typ
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  val dest_imp	       : term -> term*term
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  val eq_reflection    : thm		   (* a=b ==> a==b *)
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  val imp_intr	       : thm		   (* (P ==> Q) ==> P-->Q *)
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  val rev_mp	       : thm		   (* [| P;  P-->Q |] ==> Q *)
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  val subst	       : thm		   (* [| a=b;  P(a) |] ==> P(b) *)
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  val sym	       : thm		   (* a=b ==> b=a *)
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  val thin_refl        : thm               (* [|x=x; PROP W|] ==> PROP W *)
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  end;
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signature HYPSUBST =
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  sig
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  val bound_hyp_subst_tac    : int -> tactic
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  val hyp_subst_tac          : int -> tactic
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  val blast_hyp_subst_tac    : bool ref -> int -> tactic
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    (*exported purely for debugging purposes*)
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  val gen_hyp_subst_tac      : bool -> int -> tactic
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  val vars_gen_hyp_subst_tac : bool -> int -> tactic
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  val eq_var                 : bool -> bool -> term -> int * bool
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  val inspect_pair           : bool -> bool -> term * term * typ -> bool
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  val mk_eqs                 : thm -> thm list
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  val thin_leading_eqs_tac   : bool -> int -> int -> tactic
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  end;
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functor HypsubstFun(Data: HYPSUBST_DATA): HYPSUBST = 
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struct
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exception EQ_VAR;
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fun loose (i,t) = 0 mem_int add_loose_bnos(t,i,[]);
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local val odot = ord"."
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in
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(*Simplifier turns Bound variables to dotted Free variables: 
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  change it back (any Bound variable will do)
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*)
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fun contract t =
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    case Pattern.eta_contract_atom t of
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	Free(a,T) => if (ord a = odot) then Bound 0 else Free(a,T)
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      | t'        => t'
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end;
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fun has_vars t = maxidx_of_term t <> ~1;
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(*If novars then we forbid Vars in the equality.
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  If bnd then we only look for Bound (or dotted Free) variables to eliminate. 
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  When can we safely delete the equality?
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    Not if it equates two constants; consider 0=1.
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    Not if it resembles x=t[x], since substitution does not eliminate x.
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    Not if it resembles ?x=0; consider ?x=0 ==> ?x=1 or even ?x=0 ==> P
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    Not if it involves a variable free in the premises, 
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        but we can't check for this -- hence bnd and bound_hyp_subst_tac
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  Prefer to eliminate Bound variables if possible.
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  Result:  true = use as is,  false = reorient first *)
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fun inspect_pair bnd novars (t,u,T) =
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  if novars andalso maxidx_of_typ T <> ~1 
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  then raise Match   (*variables in the type!*)
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  else
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  case (contract t, contract u) of
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       (Bound i, _) => if loose(i,u) orelse novars andalso has_vars u 
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		       then raise Match 
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		       else true		(*eliminates t*)
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     | (_, Bound i) => if loose(i,t) orelse novars andalso has_vars t  
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		       then raise Match 
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		       else false		(*eliminates u*)
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     | (Free _, _) =>  if bnd orelse Logic.occs(t,u) orelse  
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		          novars andalso has_vars u  
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		       then raise Match 
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		       else true		(*eliminates t*)
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     | (_, Free _) =>  if bnd orelse Logic.occs(u,t) orelse  
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		          novars andalso has_vars t 
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		       then raise Match 
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		       else false		(*eliminates u*)
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     | _ => raise Match;
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(*Locates a substitutable variable on the left (resp. right) of an equality
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   assumption.  Returns the number of intervening assumptions. *)
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fun eq_var bnd novars =
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  let fun eq_var_aux k (Const("all",_) $ Abs(_,_,t)) = eq_var_aux k t
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	| eq_var_aux k (Const("==>",_) $ A $ B) = 
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	      ((k, inspect_pair bnd novars 
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		    (Data.dest_eq (Data.dest_Trueprop A)))
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		      (*Exception comes from inspect_pair or dest_eq*)
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	       handle _ => eq_var_aux (k+1) B)
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	| eq_var_aux k _ = raise EQ_VAR
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  in  eq_var_aux 0  end;
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(*We do not try to delete ALL equality assumptions at once.  But
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  it is easy to handle several consecutive equality assumptions in a row.
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  Note that we have to inspect the proof state after doing the rewriting,
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  since e.g. z=f(x); x=z changes to z=f(x); x=f(x) and the second equality
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  must NOT be deleted.  Tactic must rotate or delete m assumptions.
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*)
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fun thin_leading_eqs_tac bnd m = SUBGOAL (fn (Bi,i) =>
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    let fun count []      = 0
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	  | count (A::Bs) = ((inspect_pair bnd true 
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			      (Data.dest_eq (Data.dest_Trueprop A));  
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			      1 + count Bs)
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                             handle _ => 0)
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        val j = Int.min(m, count (Logic.strip_assums_hyp Bi))
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    in  REPEAT_DETERM_N j (etac thin_rl i)  THEN  rotate_tac (m-j) i
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    end);
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(*For the simpset.  Adds ALL suitable equalities, even if not first!
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  No vars are allowed here, as simpsets are built from meta-assumptions*)
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fun mk_eqs th = 
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    [ if inspect_pair false false (Data.dest_eq 
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				   (Data.dest_Trueprop (#prop (rep_thm th))))
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      then th RS Data.eq_reflection
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      else symmetric(th RS Data.eq_reflection) (*reorient*) ] 
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    handle _ => [];  (*Exception comes from inspect_pair or dest_eq*)
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local open Simplifier 
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in
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  val hyp_subst_ss = empty_ss setmksimps mk_eqs
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  (*Select a suitable equality assumption and substitute throughout the subgoal
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    Replaces only Bound variables if bnd is true*)
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  fun gen_hyp_subst_tac bnd = SUBGOAL(fn (Bi,i) =>
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	let val n = length(Logic.strip_assums_hyp Bi) - 1
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	    val (k,_) = eq_var bnd true Bi
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	in 
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	   DETERM (EVERY [rotate_tac k i,
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			  asm_full_simp_tac hyp_subst_ss i,
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			  etac thin_rl i,
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			  thin_leading_eqs_tac bnd (n-k) i])
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	end
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	handle THM _ => no_tac | EQ_VAR => no_tac);
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end;
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val ssubst = standard (Data.sym RS Data.subst);
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val imp_intr_tac = rtac Data.imp_intr;
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(*Old version of the tactic above -- slower but the only way
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  to handle equalities containing Vars.*)
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fun vars_gen_hyp_subst_tac bnd = SUBGOAL(fn (Bi,i) =>
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      let val n = length(Logic.strip_assums_hyp Bi) - 1
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	  val (k,symopt) = eq_var bnd false Bi
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      in 
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	 DETERM
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           (EVERY [REPEAT_DETERM_N k (etac Data.rev_mp i),
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		   rotate_tac 1 i,
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		   REPEAT_DETERM_N (n-k) (etac Data.rev_mp i),
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		   etac (if symopt then ssubst else Data.subst) i,
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		   REPEAT_DETERM_N n (imp_intr_tac i THEN rotate_tac ~1 i)])
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      end
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      handle THM _ => no_tac | EQ_VAR => no_tac);
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(*Substitutes for Free or Bound variables*)
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val hyp_subst_tac = FIRST' [ematch_tac [Data.thin_refl],
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        gen_hyp_subst_tac false, vars_gen_hyp_subst_tac false];
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(*Substitutes for Bound variables only -- this is always safe*)
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val bound_hyp_subst_tac = 
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    gen_hyp_subst_tac true ORELSE' vars_gen_hyp_subst_tac true;
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(** Version for Blast_tac.  Hyps that are affected by the substitution are 
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    moved to the front.  Defect: even trivial changes are noticed, such as
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    substitutions in the arguments of a function Var. **)
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(*final re-reversal of the changed assumptions*)
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fun reverse_n_tac 0 i = all_tac
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  | reverse_n_tac 1 i = rotate_tac ~1 i
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  | reverse_n_tac n i = 
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      REPEAT_DETERM_N n (rotate_tac ~1 i THEN etac Data.rev_mp i) THEN
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      REPEAT_DETERM_N n (imp_intr_tac i THEN rotate_tac ~1 i);
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(*Use imp_intr, comparing the old hyps with the new ones as they come out.*)
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fun all_imp_intr_tac hyps i = 
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  let fun imptac (r, [])    st = reverse_n_tac r i st
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	| imptac (r, hyp::hyps) st =
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	   let val (hyp',_) = List.nth (prems_of st, i-1) |>
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			      Logic.strip_assums_concl    |> 
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			      Data.dest_Trueprop          |> Data.dest_imp
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	       val (r',tac) = if Pattern.aeconv (hyp,hyp')
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			      then (r, imp_intr_tac i THEN rotate_tac ~1 i)
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			      else (*leave affected hyps at end*)
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				   (r+1, imp_intr_tac i) 
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	   in
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	       case Seq.pull(tac st) of
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		   None       => Seq.single(st)
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		 | Some(st',_) => imptac (r',hyps) st'
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	   end handle _ => error "?? in blast_hyp_subst_tac"
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  in  imptac (0, rev hyps)  end;
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fun blast_hyp_subst_tac trace = SUBGOAL(fn (Bi,i) =>
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      let val (k,symopt) = eq_var false false Bi
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	  val hyps0 = map Data.dest_Trueprop (Logic.strip_assums_hyp Bi)
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          (*omit selected equality, returning other hyps*)
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	  val hyps = List.take(hyps0, k) @ List.drop(hyps0, k+1)
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	  val n = length hyps
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      in 
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	 if !trace then writeln "Substituting an equality" else ();
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	 DETERM
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           (EVERY [REPEAT_DETERM_N k (etac Data.rev_mp i),
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		   rotate_tac 1 i,
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		   REPEAT_DETERM_N (n-k) (etac Data.rev_mp i),
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		   etac (if symopt then ssubst else Data.subst) i,
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		   all_imp_intr_tac hyps i])
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      end
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      handle THM _ => no_tac | EQ_VAR => no_tac);
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end;
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