--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/src/HOL/NSA/HyperNat.thy Thu Jul 03 17:47:22 2008 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,425 @@
+(* Title : HyperNat.thy
+ Author : Jacques D. Fleuriot
+ Copyright : 1998 University of Cambridge
+
+Converted to Isar and polished by lcp
+*)
+
+header{*Hypernatural numbers*}
+
+theory HyperNat
+imports StarDef
+begin
+
+types hypnat = "nat star"
+
+abbreviation
+ hypnat_of_nat :: "nat => nat star" where
+ "hypnat_of_nat == star_of"
+
+definition
+ hSuc :: "hypnat => hypnat" where
+ hSuc_def [transfer_unfold, code func del]: "hSuc = *f* Suc"
+
+subsection{*Properties Transferred from Naturals*}
+
+lemma hSuc_not_zero [iff]: "\<And>m. hSuc m \<noteq> 0"
+by transfer (rule Suc_not_Zero)
+
+lemma zero_not_hSuc [iff]: "\<And>m. 0 \<noteq> hSuc m"
+by transfer (rule Zero_not_Suc)
+
+lemma hSuc_hSuc_eq [iff]: "\<And>m n. (hSuc m = hSuc n) = (m = n)"
+by transfer (rule nat.inject)
+
+lemma zero_less_hSuc [iff]: "\<And>n. 0 < hSuc n"
+by transfer (rule zero_less_Suc)
+
+lemma hypnat_minus_zero [simp]: "!!z. z - z = (0::hypnat)"
+by transfer (rule diff_self_eq_0)
+
+lemma hypnat_diff_0_eq_0 [simp]: "!!n. (0::hypnat) - n = 0"
+by transfer (rule diff_0_eq_0)
+
+lemma hypnat_add_is_0 [iff]: "!!m n. (m+n = (0::hypnat)) = (m=0 & n=0)"
+by transfer (rule add_is_0)
+
+lemma hypnat_diff_diff_left: "!!i j k. (i::hypnat) - j - k = i - (j+k)"
+by transfer (rule diff_diff_left)
+
+lemma hypnat_diff_commute: "!!i j k. (i::hypnat) - j - k = i-k-j"
+by transfer (rule diff_commute)
+
+lemma hypnat_diff_add_inverse [simp]: "!!m n. ((n::hypnat) + m) - n = m"
+by transfer (rule diff_add_inverse)
+
+lemma hypnat_diff_add_inverse2 [simp]: "!!m n. ((m::hypnat) + n) - n = m"
+by transfer (rule diff_add_inverse2)
+
+lemma hypnat_diff_cancel [simp]: "!!k m n. ((k::hypnat) + m) - (k+n) = m - n"
+by transfer (rule diff_cancel)
+
+lemma hypnat_diff_cancel2 [simp]: "!!k m n. ((m::hypnat) + k) - (n+k) = m - n"
+by transfer (rule diff_cancel2)
+
+lemma hypnat_diff_add_0 [simp]: "!!m n. (n::hypnat) - (n+m) = (0::hypnat)"
+by transfer (rule diff_add_0)
+
+lemma hypnat_diff_mult_distrib: "!!k m n. ((m::hypnat) - n) * k = (m * k) - (n * k)"
+by transfer (rule diff_mult_distrib)
+
+lemma hypnat_diff_mult_distrib2: "!!k m n. (k::hypnat) * (m - n) = (k * m) - (k * n)"
+by transfer (rule diff_mult_distrib2)
+
+lemma hypnat_le_zero_cancel [iff]: "!!n. (n \<le> (0::hypnat)) = (n = 0)"
+by transfer (rule le_0_eq)
+
+lemma hypnat_mult_is_0 [simp]: "!!m n. (m*n = (0::hypnat)) = (m=0 | n=0)"
+by transfer (rule mult_is_0)
+
+lemma hypnat_diff_is_0_eq [simp]: "!!m n. ((m::hypnat) - n = 0) = (m \<le> n)"
+by transfer (rule diff_is_0_eq)
+
+lemma hypnat_not_less0 [iff]: "!!n. ~ n < (0::hypnat)"
+by transfer (rule not_less0)
+
+lemma hypnat_less_one [iff]:
+ "!!n. (n < (1::hypnat)) = (n=0)"
+by transfer (rule less_one)
+
+lemma hypnat_add_diff_inverse: "!!m n. ~ m<n ==> n+(m-n) = (m::hypnat)"
+by transfer (rule add_diff_inverse)
+
+lemma hypnat_le_add_diff_inverse [simp]: "!!m n. n \<le> m ==> n+(m-n) = (m::hypnat)"
+by transfer (rule le_add_diff_inverse)
+
+lemma hypnat_le_add_diff_inverse2 [simp]: "!!m n. n\<le>m ==> (m-n)+n = (m::hypnat)"
+by transfer (rule le_add_diff_inverse2)
+
+declare hypnat_le_add_diff_inverse2 [OF order_less_imp_le]
+
+lemma hypnat_le0 [iff]: "!!n. (0::hypnat) \<le> n"
+by transfer (rule le0)
+
+lemma hypnat_le_add1 [simp]: "!!x n. (x::hypnat) \<le> x + n"
+by transfer (rule le_add1)
+
+lemma hypnat_add_self_le [simp]: "!!x n. (x::hypnat) \<le> n + x"
+by transfer (rule le_add2)
+
+lemma hypnat_add_one_self_less [simp]: "(x::hypnat) < x + (1::hypnat)"
+by (insert add_strict_left_mono [OF zero_less_one], auto)
+
+lemma hypnat_neq0_conv [iff]: "!!n. (n \<noteq> 0) = (0 < (n::hypnat))"
+by transfer (rule neq0_conv)
+
+lemma hypnat_gt_zero_iff: "((0::hypnat) < n) = ((1::hypnat) \<le> n)"
+by (auto simp add: linorder_not_less [symmetric])
+
+lemma hypnat_gt_zero_iff2: "(0 < n) = (\<exists>m. n = m + (1::hypnat))"
+apply safe
+ apply (rule_tac x = "n - (1::hypnat) " in exI)
+ apply (simp add: hypnat_gt_zero_iff)
+apply (insert add_le_less_mono [OF _ zero_less_one, of 0], auto)
+done
+
+lemma hypnat_add_self_not_less: "~ (x + y < (x::hypnat))"
+by (simp add: linorder_not_le [symmetric] add_commute [of x])
+
+lemma hypnat_diff_split:
+ "P(a - b::hypnat) = ((a<b --> P 0) & (ALL d. a = b + d --> P d))"
+ -- {* elimination of @{text -} on @{text hypnat} *}
+proof (cases "a<b" rule: case_split)
+ case True
+ thus ?thesis
+ by (auto simp add: hypnat_add_self_not_less order_less_imp_le
+ hypnat_diff_is_0_eq [THEN iffD2])
+next
+ case False
+ thus ?thesis
+ by (auto simp add: linorder_not_less dest: order_le_less_trans)
+qed
+
+subsection{*Properties of the set of embedded natural numbers*}
+
+lemma of_nat_eq_star_of [simp]: "of_nat = star_of"
+proof
+ fix n :: nat
+ show "of_nat n = star_of n" by transfer simp
+qed
+
+lemma Nats_eq_Standard: "(Nats :: nat star set) = Standard"
+by (auto simp add: Nats_def Standard_def)
+
+lemma hypnat_of_nat_mem_Nats [simp]: "hypnat_of_nat n \<in> Nats"
+by (simp add: Nats_eq_Standard)
+
+lemma hypnat_of_nat_one [simp]: "hypnat_of_nat (Suc 0) = (1::hypnat)"
+by transfer simp
+
+lemma hypnat_of_nat_Suc [simp]:
+ "hypnat_of_nat (Suc n) = hypnat_of_nat n + (1::hypnat)"
+by transfer simp
+
+lemma of_nat_eq_add [rule_format]:
+ "\<forall>d::hypnat. of_nat m = of_nat n + d --> d \<in> range of_nat"
+apply (induct n)
+apply (auto simp add: add_assoc)
+apply (case_tac x)
+apply (auto simp add: add_commute [of 1])
+done
+
+lemma Nats_diff [simp]: "[|a \<in> Nats; b \<in> Nats|] ==> (a-b :: hypnat) \<in> Nats"
+by (simp add: Nats_eq_Standard)
+
+
+subsection{*Infinite Hypernatural Numbers -- @{term HNatInfinite}*}
+
+definition
+ (* the set of infinite hypernatural numbers *)
+ HNatInfinite :: "hypnat set" where
+ "HNatInfinite = {n. n \<notin> Nats}"
+
+lemma Nats_not_HNatInfinite_iff: "(x \<in> Nats) = (x \<notin> HNatInfinite)"
+by (simp add: HNatInfinite_def)
+
+lemma HNatInfinite_not_Nats_iff: "(x \<in> HNatInfinite) = (x \<notin> Nats)"
+by (simp add: HNatInfinite_def)
+
+lemma star_of_neq_HNatInfinite: "N \<in> HNatInfinite \<Longrightarrow> star_of n \<noteq> N"
+by (auto simp add: HNatInfinite_def Nats_eq_Standard)
+
+lemma star_of_Suc_lessI:
+ "\<And>N. \<lbrakk>star_of n < N; star_of (Suc n) \<noteq> N\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> star_of (Suc n) < N"
+by transfer (rule Suc_lessI)
+
+lemma star_of_less_HNatInfinite:
+ assumes N: "N \<in> HNatInfinite"
+ shows "star_of n < N"
+proof (induct n)
+ case 0
+ from N have "star_of 0 \<noteq> N" by (rule star_of_neq_HNatInfinite)
+ thus "star_of 0 < N" by simp
+next
+ case (Suc n)
+ from N have "star_of (Suc n) \<noteq> N" by (rule star_of_neq_HNatInfinite)
+ with Suc show "star_of (Suc n) < N" by (rule star_of_Suc_lessI)
+qed
+
+lemma star_of_le_HNatInfinite: "N \<in> HNatInfinite \<Longrightarrow> star_of n \<le> N"
+by (rule star_of_less_HNatInfinite [THEN order_less_imp_le])
+
+subsubsection {* Closure Rules *}
+
+lemma Nats_less_HNatInfinite: "\<lbrakk>x \<in> Nats; y \<in> HNatInfinite\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> x < y"
+by (auto simp add: Nats_def star_of_less_HNatInfinite)
+
+lemma Nats_le_HNatInfinite: "\<lbrakk>x \<in> Nats; y \<in> HNatInfinite\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> x \<le> y"
+by (rule Nats_less_HNatInfinite [THEN order_less_imp_le])
+
+lemma zero_less_HNatInfinite: "x \<in> HNatInfinite \<Longrightarrow> 0 < x"
+by (simp add: Nats_less_HNatInfinite)
+
+lemma one_less_HNatInfinite: "x \<in> HNatInfinite \<Longrightarrow> 1 < x"
+by (simp add: Nats_less_HNatInfinite)
+
+lemma one_le_HNatInfinite: "x \<in> HNatInfinite \<Longrightarrow> 1 \<le> x"
+by (simp add: Nats_le_HNatInfinite)
+
+lemma zero_not_mem_HNatInfinite [simp]: "0 \<notin> HNatInfinite"
+by (simp add: HNatInfinite_def)
+
+lemma Nats_downward_closed:
+ "\<lbrakk>x \<in> Nats; (y::hypnat) \<le> x\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> y \<in> Nats"
+apply (simp only: linorder_not_less [symmetric])
+apply (erule contrapos_np)
+apply (drule HNatInfinite_not_Nats_iff [THEN iffD2])
+apply (erule (1) Nats_less_HNatInfinite)
+done
+
+lemma HNatInfinite_upward_closed:
+ "\<lbrakk>x \<in> HNatInfinite; x \<le> y\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> y \<in> HNatInfinite"
+apply (simp only: HNatInfinite_not_Nats_iff)
+apply (erule contrapos_nn)
+apply (erule (1) Nats_downward_closed)
+done
+
+lemma HNatInfinite_add: "x \<in> HNatInfinite \<Longrightarrow> x + y \<in> HNatInfinite"
+apply (erule HNatInfinite_upward_closed)
+apply (rule hypnat_le_add1)
+done
+
+lemma HNatInfinite_add_one: "x \<in> HNatInfinite \<Longrightarrow> x + 1 \<in> HNatInfinite"
+by (rule HNatInfinite_add)
+
+lemma HNatInfinite_diff:
+ "\<lbrakk>x \<in> HNatInfinite; y \<in> Nats\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> x - y \<in> HNatInfinite"
+apply (frule (1) Nats_le_HNatInfinite)
+apply (simp only: HNatInfinite_not_Nats_iff)
+apply (erule contrapos_nn)
+apply (drule (1) Nats_add, simp)
+done
+
+lemma HNatInfinite_is_Suc: "x \<in> HNatInfinite ==> \<exists>y. x = y + (1::hypnat)"
+apply (rule_tac x = "x - (1::hypnat) " in exI)
+apply (simp add: Nats_le_HNatInfinite)
+done
+
+
+subsection{*Existence of an infinite hypernatural number*}
+
+definition
+ (* omega is in fact an infinite hypernatural number = [<1,2,3,...>] *)
+ whn :: hypnat where
+ hypnat_omega_def: "whn = star_n (%n::nat. n)"
+
+lemma hypnat_of_nat_neq_whn: "hypnat_of_nat n \<noteq> whn"
+by (simp add: hypnat_omega_def star_of_def star_n_eq_iff)
+
+lemma whn_neq_hypnat_of_nat: "whn \<noteq> hypnat_of_nat n"
+by (simp add: hypnat_omega_def star_of_def star_n_eq_iff)
+
+lemma whn_not_Nats [simp]: "whn \<notin> Nats"
+by (simp add: Nats_def image_def whn_neq_hypnat_of_nat)
+
+lemma HNatInfinite_whn [simp]: "whn \<in> HNatInfinite"
+by (simp add: HNatInfinite_def)
+
+lemma lemma_unbounded_set [simp]: "{n::nat. m < n} \<in> FreeUltrafilterNat"
+apply (insert finite_atMost [of m])
+apply (simp add: atMost_def)
+apply (drule FreeUltrafilterNat.finite)
+apply (drule FreeUltrafilterNat.not_memD)
+apply (simp add: Collect_neg_eq [symmetric] linorder_not_le)
+done
+
+lemma Compl_Collect_le: "- {n::nat. N \<le> n} = {n. n < N}"
+by (simp add: Collect_neg_eq [symmetric] linorder_not_le)
+
+lemma hypnat_of_nat_eq:
+ "hypnat_of_nat m = star_n (%n::nat. m)"
+by (simp add: star_of_def)
+
+lemma SHNat_eq: "Nats = {n. \<exists>N. n = hypnat_of_nat N}"
+by (simp add: Nats_def image_def)
+
+lemma Nats_less_whn: "n \<in> Nats \<Longrightarrow> n < whn"
+by (simp add: Nats_less_HNatInfinite)
+
+lemma Nats_le_whn: "n \<in> Nats \<Longrightarrow> n \<le> whn"
+by (simp add: Nats_le_HNatInfinite)
+
+lemma hypnat_of_nat_less_whn [simp]: "hypnat_of_nat n < whn"
+by (simp add: Nats_less_whn)
+
+lemma hypnat_of_nat_le_whn [simp]: "hypnat_of_nat n \<le> whn"
+by (simp add: Nats_le_whn)
+
+lemma hypnat_zero_less_hypnat_omega [simp]: "0 < whn"
+by (simp add: Nats_less_whn)
+
+lemma hypnat_one_less_hypnat_omega [simp]: "1 < whn"
+by (simp add: Nats_less_whn)
+
+
+subsubsection{*Alternative characterization of the set of infinite hypernaturals*}
+
+text{* @{term "HNatInfinite = {N. \<forall>n \<in> Nats. n < N}"}*}
+
+(*??delete? similar reasoning in hypnat_omega_gt_SHNat above*)
+lemma HNatInfinite_FreeUltrafilterNat_lemma:
+ assumes "\<forall>N::nat. {n. f n \<noteq> N} \<in> FreeUltrafilterNat"
+ shows "{n. N < f n} \<in> FreeUltrafilterNat"
+apply (induct N)
+using assms
+apply (drule_tac x = 0 in spec, simp)
+using assms
+apply (drule_tac x = "Suc N" in spec)
+apply (elim ultra, auto)
+done
+
+lemma HNatInfinite_iff: "HNatInfinite = {N. \<forall>n \<in> Nats. n < N}"
+apply (safe intro!: Nats_less_HNatInfinite)
+apply (auto simp add: HNatInfinite_def)
+done
+
+
+subsubsection{*Alternative Characterization of @{term HNatInfinite} using
+Free Ultrafilter*}
+
+lemma HNatInfinite_FreeUltrafilterNat:
+ "star_n X \<in> HNatInfinite ==> \<forall>u. {n. u < X n}: FreeUltrafilterNat"
+apply (auto simp add: HNatInfinite_iff SHNat_eq)
+apply (drule_tac x="star_of u" in spec, simp)
+apply (simp add: star_of_def star_less_def starP2_star_n)
+done
+
+lemma FreeUltrafilterNat_HNatInfinite:
+ "\<forall>u. {n. u < X n}: FreeUltrafilterNat ==> star_n X \<in> HNatInfinite"
+by (auto simp add: star_less_def starP2_star_n HNatInfinite_iff SHNat_eq hypnat_of_nat_eq)
+
+lemma HNatInfinite_FreeUltrafilterNat_iff:
+ "(star_n X \<in> HNatInfinite) = (\<forall>u. {n. u < X n}: FreeUltrafilterNat)"
+by (rule iffI [OF HNatInfinite_FreeUltrafilterNat
+ FreeUltrafilterNat_HNatInfinite])
+
+subsection {* Embedding of the Hypernaturals into other types *}
+
+definition
+ of_hypnat :: "hypnat \<Rightarrow> 'a::semiring_1_cancel star" where
+ of_hypnat_def [transfer_unfold, code func del]: "of_hypnat = *f* of_nat"
+
+lemma of_hypnat_0 [simp]: "of_hypnat 0 = 0"
+by transfer (rule of_nat_0)
+
+lemma of_hypnat_1 [simp]: "of_hypnat 1 = 1"
+by transfer (rule of_nat_1)
+
+lemma of_hypnat_hSuc: "\<And>m. of_hypnat (hSuc m) = 1 + of_hypnat m"
+by transfer (rule of_nat_Suc)
+
+lemma of_hypnat_add [simp]:
+ "\<And>m n. of_hypnat (m + n) = of_hypnat m + of_hypnat n"
+by transfer (rule of_nat_add)
+
+lemma of_hypnat_mult [simp]:
+ "\<And>m n. of_hypnat (m * n) = of_hypnat m * of_hypnat n"
+by transfer (rule of_nat_mult)
+
+lemma of_hypnat_less_iff [simp]:
+ "\<And>m n. (of_hypnat m < (of_hypnat n::'a::ordered_semidom star)) = (m < n)"
+by transfer (rule of_nat_less_iff)
+
+lemma of_hypnat_0_less_iff [simp]:
+ "\<And>n. (0 < (of_hypnat n::'a::ordered_semidom star)) = (0 < n)"
+by transfer (rule of_nat_0_less_iff)
+
+lemma of_hypnat_less_0_iff [simp]:
+ "\<And>m. \<not> (of_hypnat m::'a::ordered_semidom star) < 0"
+by transfer (rule of_nat_less_0_iff)
+
+lemma of_hypnat_le_iff [simp]:
+ "\<And>m n. (of_hypnat m \<le> (of_hypnat n::'a::ordered_semidom star)) = (m \<le> n)"
+by transfer (rule of_nat_le_iff)
+
+lemma of_hypnat_0_le_iff [simp]:
+ "\<And>n. 0 \<le> (of_hypnat n::'a::ordered_semidom star)"
+by transfer (rule of_nat_0_le_iff)
+
+lemma of_hypnat_le_0_iff [simp]:
+ "\<And>m. ((of_hypnat m::'a::ordered_semidom star) \<le> 0) = (m = 0)"
+by transfer (rule of_nat_le_0_iff)
+
+lemma of_hypnat_eq_iff [simp]:
+ "\<And>m n. (of_hypnat m = (of_hypnat n::'a::ordered_semidom star)) = (m = n)"
+by transfer (rule of_nat_eq_iff)
+
+lemma of_hypnat_eq_0_iff [simp]:
+ "\<And>m. ((of_hypnat m::'a::ordered_semidom star) = 0) = (m = 0)"
+by transfer (rule of_nat_eq_0_iff)
+
+lemma HNatInfinite_of_hypnat_gt_zero:
+ "N \<in> HNatInfinite \<Longrightarrow> (0::'a::ordered_semidom star) < of_hypnat N"
+by (rule ccontr, simp add: linorder_not_less)
+
+end