doc-src/TutorialI/Ifexpr/document/Ifexpr.tex
changeset 17175 1eced27ee0e1
parent 17056 05fc32a23b8b
child 17181 5f42dd5e6570
--- a/doc-src/TutorialI/Ifexpr/document/Ifexpr.tex	Sun Aug 28 19:42:10 2005 +0200
+++ b/doc-src/TutorialI/Ifexpr/document/Ifexpr.tex	Sun Aug 28 19:42:19 2005 +0200
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 \endisadelimtheory
 %
 \isatagtheory
+\isamarkupfalse%
 %
 \endisatagtheory
 {\isafoldtheory}%
@@ -14,7 +15,6 @@
 \isadelimtheory
 %
 \endisadelimtheory
-\isamarkuptrue%
 %
 \isamarkupsubsection{Case Study: Boolean Expressions%
 }
@@ -37,10 +37,10 @@
 constants by negation and conjunction. The following datatype serves exactly
 that purpose:%
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
-\isamarkupfalse%
-\isacommand{datatype}\ boolex\ {\isacharequal}\ Const\ bool\ {\isacharbar}\ Var\ nat\ {\isacharbar}\ Neg\ boolex\isanewline
-\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ {\isacharbar}\ And\ boolex\ boolex\isamarkuptrue%
-%
+\isamarkuptrue%
+\isacommand{datatype}\isamarkupfalse%
+\ boolex\ {\isacharequal}\ Const\ bool\ {\isacharbar}\ Var\ nat\ {\isacharbar}\ Neg\ boolex\isanewline
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ {\isacharbar}\ And\ boolex\ boolex%
 \begin{isamarkuptext}%
 \noindent
 The two constants are represented by \isa{Const\ True} and
@@ -56,15 +56,15 @@
 \emph{environment} of type \isa{nat\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ bool}, which maps variables to their
 values:%
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
-\isamarkupfalse%
-\isacommand{consts}\ value\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequote}boolex\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ {\isacharparenleft}nat\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ bool{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ bool{\isachardoublequote}\isanewline
-\isamarkupfalse%
-\isacommand{primrec}\isanewline
-{\isachardoublequote}value\ {\isacharparenleft}Const\ b{\isacharparenright}\ env\ {\isacharequal}\ b{\isachardoublequote}\isanewline
-{\isachardoublequote}value\ {\isacharparenleft}Var\ x{\isacharparenright}\ \ \ env\ {\isacharequal}\ env\ x{\isachardoublequote}\isanewline
-{\isachardoublequote}value\ {\isacharparenleft}Neg\ b{\isacharparenright}\ \ \ env\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isasymnot}\ value\ b\ env{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequote}\isanewline
-{\isachardoublequote}value\ {\isacharparenleft}And\ b\ c{\isacharparenright}\ env\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}value\ b\ env\ {\isasymand}\ value\ c\ env{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequote}\isamarkuptrue%
-%
+\isamarkuptrue%
+\isacommand{consts}\isamarkupfalse%
+\ value\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}boolex\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ {\isacharparenleft}nat\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ bool{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ bool{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\isacommand{primrec}\isamarkupfalse%
+\isanewline
+{\isachardoublequoteopen}value\ {\isacharparenleft}Const\ b{\isacharparenright}\ env\ {\isacharequal}\ b{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+{\isachardoublequoteopen}value\ {\isacharparenleft}Var\ x{\isacharparenright}\ \ \ env\ {\isacharequal}\ env\ x{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+{\isachardoublequoteopen}value\ {\isacharparenleft}Neg\ b{\isacharparenright}\ \ \ env\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isasymnot}\ value\ b\ env{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+{\isachardoublequoteopen}value\ {\isacharparenleft}And\ b\ c{\isacharparenright}\ env\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}value\ b\ env\ {\isasymand}\ value\ c\ env{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}%
 \begin{isamarkuptext}%
 \noindent
 \subsubsection{If-Expressions}
@@ -74,22 +74,22 @@
 from constants (\isa{CIF}), variables (\isa{VIF}) and conditionals
 (\isa{IF}):%
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
-\isamarkupfalse%
-\isacommand{datatype}\ ifex\ {\isacharequal}\ CIF\ bool\ {\isacharbar}\ VIF\ nat\ {\isacharbar}\ IF\ ifex\ ifex\ ifex\isamarkuptrue%
-%
+\isamarkuptrue%
+\isacommand{datatype}\isamarkupfalse%
+\ ifex\ {\isacharequal}\ CIF\ bool\ {\isacharbar}\ VIF\ nat\ {\isacharbar}\ IF\ ifex\ ifex\ ifex%
 \begin{isamarkuptext}%
 \noindent
 The evaluation of If-expressions proceeds as for \isa{boolex}:%
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
-\isamarkupfalse%
-\isacommand{consts}\ valif\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequote}ifex\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ {\isacharparenleft}nat\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ bool{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ bool{\isachardoublequote}\isanewline
-\isamarkupfalse%
-\isacommand{primrec}\isanewline
-{\isachardoublequote}valif\ {\isacharparenleft}CIF\ b{\isacharparenright}\ \ \ \ env\ {\isacharequal}\ b{\isachardoublequote}\isanewline
-{\isachardoublequote}valif\ {\isacharparenleft}VIF\ x{\isacharparenright}\ \ \ \ env\ {\isacharequal}\ env\ x{\isachardoublequote}\isanewline
-{\isachardoublequote}valif\ {\isacharparenleft}IF\ b\ t\ e{\isacharparenright}\ env\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}if\ valif\ b\ env\ then\ valif\ t\ env\isanewline
-\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ else\ valif\ e\ env{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequote}\isamarkuptrue%
-%
+\isamarkuptrue%
+\isacommand{consts}\isamarkupfalse%
+\ valif\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}ifex\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ {\isacharparenleft}nat\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ bool{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ bool{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\isacommand{primrec}\isamarkupfalse%
+\isanewline
+{\isachardoublequoteopen}valif\ {\isacharparenleft}CIF\ b{\isacharparenright}\ \ \ \ env\ {\isacharequal}\ b{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+{\isachardoublequoteopen}valif\ {\isacharparenleft}VIF\ x{\isacharparenright}\ \ \ \ env\ {\isacharequal}\ env\ x{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+{\isachardoublequoteopen}valif\ {\isacharparenleft}IF\ b\ t\ e{\isacharparenright}\ env\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}if\ valif\ b\ env\ then\ valif\ t\ env\isanewline
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ else\ valif\ e\ env{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}%
 \begin{isamarkuptext}%
 \subsubsection{Converting Boolean and If-Expressions}
 
@@ -97,46 +97,46 @@
 formulae, whereas \isa{ifex} is designed for efficiency. It is easy to
 translate from \isa{boolex} into \isa{ifex}:%
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
-\isamarkupfalse%
-\isacommand{consts}\ bool{\isadigit{2}}if\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequote}boolex\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ ifex{\isachardoublequote}\isanewline
-\isamarkupfalse%
-\isacommand{primrec}\isanewline
-{\isachardoublequote}bool{\isadigit{2}}if\ {\isacharparenleft}Const\ b{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ CIF\ b{\isachardoublequote}\isanewline
-{\isachardoublequote}bool{\isadigit{2}}if\ {\isacharparenleft}Var\ x{\isacharparenright}\ \ \ {\isacharequal}\ VIF\ x{\isachardoublequote}\isanewline
-{\isachardoublequote}bool{\isadigit{2}}if\ {\isacharparenleft}Neg\ b{\isacharparenright}\ \ \ {\isacharequal}\ IF\ {\isacharparenleft}bool{\isadigit{2}}if\ b{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharparenleft}CIF\ False{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharparenleft}CIF\ True{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequote}\isanewline
-{\isachardoublequote}bool{\isadigit{2}}if\ {\isacharparenleft}And\ b\ c{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ IF\ {\isacharparenleft}bool{\isadigit{2}}if\ b{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharparenleft}bool{\isadigit{2}}if\ c{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharparenleft}CIF\ False{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequote}\isamarkuptrue%
-%
+\isamarkuptrue%
+\isacommand{consts}\isamarkupfalse%
+\ bool{\isadigit{2}}if\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}boolex\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ ifex{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\isacommand{primrec}\isamarkupfalse%
+\isanewline
+{\isachardoublequoteopen}bool{\isadigit{2}}if\ {\isacharparenleft}Const\ b{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ CIF\ b{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+{\isachardoublequoteopen}bool{\isadigit{2}}if\ {\isacharparenleft}Var\ x{\isacharparenright}\ \ \ {\isacharequal}\ VIF\ x{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+{\isachardoublequoteopen}bool{\isadigit{2}}if\ {\isacharparenleft}Neg\ b{\isacharparenright}\ \ \ {\isacharequal}\ IF\ {\isacharparenleft}bool{\isadigit{2}}if\ b{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharparenleft}CIF\ False{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharparenleft}CIF\ True{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+{\isachardoublequoteopen}bool{\isadigit{2}}if\ {\isacharparenleft}And\ b\ c{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ IF\ {\isacharparenleft}bool{\isadigit{2}}if\ b{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharparenleft}bool{\isadigit{2}}if\ c{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharparenleft}CIF\ False{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}%
 \begin{isamarkuptext}%
 \noindent
 At last, we have something we can verify: that \isa{bool{\isadigit{2}}if} preserves the
 value of its argument:%
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
-\isamarkupfalse%
-\isacommand{lemma}\ {\isachardoublequote}valif\ {\isacharparenleft}bool{\isadigit{2}}if\ b{\isacharparenright}\ env\ {\isacharequal}\ value\ b\ env{\isachardoublequote}%
+\isamarkuptrue%
+\isacommand{lemma}\isamarkupfalse%
+\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}valif\ {\isacharparenleft}bool{\isadigit{2}}if\ b{\isacharparenright}\ env\ {\isacharequal}\ value\ b\ env{\isachardoublequoteclose}%
 \isadelimproof
 %
 \endisadelimproof
 %
 \isatagproof
-\isamarkuptrue%
 %
 \begin{isamarkuptxt}%
 \noindent
 The proof is canonical:%
 \end{isamarkuptxt}%
-\isamarkupfalse%
-\isacommand{apply}{\isacharparenleft}induct{\isacharunderscore}tac\ b{\isacharparenright}\isanewline
-\isamarkupfalse%
-\isacommand{apply}{\isacharparenleft}auto{\isacharparenright}\isanewline
-\isamarkupfalse%
-\isacommand{done}%
+\isamarkuptrue%
+\isacommand{apply}\isamarkupfalse%
+{\isacharparenleft}induct{\isacharunderscore}tac\ b{\isacharparenright}\isanewline
+\isacommand{apply}\isamarkupfalse%
+{\isacharparenleft}auto{\isacharparenright}\isanewline
+\isacommand{done}\isamarkupfalse%
+%
 \endisatagproof
 {\isafoldproof}%
 %
 \isadelimproof
 %
 \endisadelimproof
-\isamarkuptrue%
 %
 \begin{isamarkuptext}%
 \noindent
@@ -150,57 +150,37 @@
 \isa{IF\ b\ {\isacharparenleft}IF\ x\ z\ u{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharparenleft}IF\ y\ z\ u{\isacharparenright}}, which has the same value. The following
 primitive recursive functions perform this task:%
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
-\isamarkupfalse%
-\isacommand{consts}\ normif\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequote}ifex\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ ifex\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ ifex\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ ifex{\isachardoublequote}\isanewline
-\isamarkupfalse%
-\isacommand{primrec}\isanewline
-{\isachardoublequote}normif\ {\isacharparenleft}CIF\ b{\isacharparenright}\ \ \ \ t\ e\ {\isacharequal}\ IF\ {\isacharparenleft}CIF\ b{\isacharparenright}\ t\ e{\isachardoublequote}\isanewline
-{\isachardoublequote}normif\ {\isacharparenleft}VIF\ x{\isacharparenright}\ \ \ \ t\ e\ {\isacharequal}\ IF\ {\isacharparenleft}VIF\ x{\isacharparenright}\ t\ e{\isachardoublequote}\isanewline
-{\isachardoublequote}normif\ {\isacharparenleft}IF\ b\ t\ e{\isacharparenright}\ u\ f\ {\isacharequal}\ normif\ b\ {\isacharparenleft}normif\ t\ u\ f{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharparenleft}normif\ e\ u\ f{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequote}\isanewline
+\isamarkuptrue%
+\isacommand{consts}\isamarkupfalse%
+\ normif\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}ifex\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ ifex\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ ifex\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ ifex{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\isacommand{primrec}\isamarkupfalse%
 \isanewline
-\isamarkupfalse%
-\isacommand{consts}\ norm\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequote}ifex\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ ifex{\isachardoublequote}\isanewline
-\isamarkupfalse%
-\isacommand{primrec}\isanewline
-{\isachardoublequote}norm\ {\isacharparenleft}CIF\ b{\isacharparenright}\ \ \ \ {\isacharequal}\ CIF\ b{\isachardoublequote}\isanewline
-{\isachardoublequote}norm\ {\isacharparenleft}VIF\ x{\isacharparenright}\ \ \ \ {\isacharequal}\ VIF\ x{\isachardoublequote}\isanewline
-{\isachardoublequote}norm\ {\isacharparenleft}IF\ b\ t\ e{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ normif\ b\ {\isacharparenleft}norm\ t{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharparenleft}norm\ e{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequote}\isamarkuptrue%
-%
+{\isachardoublequoteopen}normif\ {\isacharparenleft}CIF\ b{\isacharparenright}\ \ \ \ t\ e\ {\isacharequal}\ IF\ {\isacharparenleft}CIF\ b{\isacharparenright}\ t\ e{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+{\isachardoublequoteopen}normif\ {\isacharparenleft}VIF\ x{\isacharparenright}\ \ \ \ t\ e\ {\isacharequal}\ IF\ {\isacharparenleft}VIF\ x{\isacharparenright}\ t\ e{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+{\isachardoublequoteopen}normif\ {\isacharparenleft}IF\ b\ t\ e{\isacharparenright}\ u\ f\ {\isacharequal}\ normif\ b\ {\isacharparenleft}normif\ t\ u\ f{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharparenleft}normif\ e\ u\ f{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\isanewline
+\isacommand{consts}\isamarkupfalse%
+\ norm\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}ifex\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ ifex{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\isacommand{primrec}\isamarkupfalse%
+\isanewline
+{\isachardoublequoteopen}norm\ {\isacharparenleft}CIF\ b{\isacharparenright}\ \ \ \ {\isacharequal}\ CIF\ b{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+{\isachardoublequoteopen}norm\ {\isacharparenleft}VIF\ x{\isacharparenright}\ \ \ \ {\isacharequal}\ VIF\ x{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+{\isachardoublequoteopen}norm\ {\isacharparenleft}IF\ b\ t\ e{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ normif\ b\ {\isacharparenleft}norm\ t{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharparenleft}norm\ e{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}%
 \begin{isamarkuptext}%
 \noindent
 Their interplay is tricky; we leave it to you to develop an
 intuitive understanding. Fortunately, Isabelle can help us to verify that the
 transformation preserves the value of the expression:%
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
-\isamarkupfalse%
-\isacommand{theorem}\ {\isachardoublequote}valif\ {\isacharparenleft}norm\ b{\isacharparenright}\ env\ {\isacharequal}\ valif\ b\ env{\isachardoublequote}%
+\isamarkuptrue%
+\isacommand{theorem}\isamarkupfalse%
+\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}valif\ {\isacharparenleft}norm\ b{\isacharparenright}\ env\ {\isacharequal}\ valif\ b\ env{\isachardoublequoteclose}%
 \isadelimproof
 %
 \endisadelimproof
 %
 \isatagproof
-%
-\endisatagproof
-{\isafoldproof}%
-%
-\isadelimproof
-%
-\endisadelimproof
-\isamarkuptrue%
-%
-\begin{isamarkuptext}%
-\noindent
-The proof is canonical, provided we first show the following simplification
-lemma, which also helps to understand what \isa{normif} does:%
-\end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkupfalse%
-\isacommand{lemma}\ {\isacharbrackleft}simp{\isacharbrackright}{\isacharcolon}\isanewline
-\ \ {\isachardoublequote}{\isasymforall}t\ e{\isachardot}\ valif\ {\isacharparenleft}normif\ b\ t\ e{\isacharparenright}\ env\ {\isacharequal}\ valif\ {\isacharparenleft}IF\ b\ t\ e{\isacharparenright}\ env{\isachardoublequote}%
-\isadelimproof
-%
-\endisadelimproof
-%
-\isatagproof
 %
 \endisatagproof
 {\isafoldproof}%
@@ -209,11 +189,22 @@
 %
 \endisadelimproof
 %
+\begin{isamarkuptext}%
+\noindent
+The proof is canonical, provided we first show the following simplification
+lemma, which also helps to understand what \isa{normif} does:%
+\end{isamarkuptext}%
+\isamarkuptrue%
+\isacommand{lemma}\isamarkupfalse%
+\ {\isacharbrackleft}simp{\isacharbrackright}{\isacharcolon}\isanewline
+\ \ {\isachardoublequoteopen}{\isasymforall}t\ e{\isachardot}\ valif\ {\isacharparenleft}normif\ b\ t\ e{\isacharparenright}\ env\ {\isacharequal}\ valif\ {\isacharparenleft}IF\ b\ t\ e{\isacharparenright}\ env{\isachardoublequoteclose}%
 \isadelimproof
 %
 \endisadelimproof
 %
 \isatagproof
+\isamarkupfalse%
+\isamarkupfalse%
 %
 \endisatagproof
 {\isafoldproof}%
@@ -221,7 +212,22 @@
 \isadelimproof
 %
 \endisadelimproof
-\isamarkuptrue%
+\isamarkupfalse%
+%
+\isadelimproof
+%
+\endisadelimproof
+%
+\isatagproof
+\isamarkupfalse%
+\isamarkupfalse%
+%
+\endisatagproof
+{\isafoldproof}%
+%
+\isadelimproof
+%
+\endisadelimproof
 %
 \begin{isamarkuptext}%
 \noindent
@@ -231,27 +237,30 @@
 But how can we be sure that \isa{norm} really produces a normal form in
 the above sense? We define a function that tests If-expressions for normality:%
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
-\isamarkupfalse%
-\isacommand{consts}\ normal\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequote}ifex\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ bool{\isachardoublequote}\isanewline
-\isamarkupfalse%
-\isacommand{primrec}\isanewline
-{\isachardoublequote}normal{\isacharparenleft}CIF\ b{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ True{\isachardoublequote}\isanewline
-{\isachardoublequote}normal{\isacharparenleft}VIF\ x{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ True{\isachardoublequote}\isanewline
-{\isachardoublequote}normal{\isacharparenleft}IF\ b\ t\ e{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}normal\ t\ {\isasymand}\ normal\ e\ {\isasymand}\isanewline
-\ \ \ \ \ {\isacharparenleft}case\ b\ of\ CIF\ b\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ True\ {\isacharbar}\ VIF\ x\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ True\ {\isacharbar}\ IF\ x\ y\ z\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ False{\isacharparenright}{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequote}\isamarkuptrue%
-%
+\isamarkuptrue%
+\isacommand{consts}\isamarkupfalse%
+\ normal\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}ifex\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ bool{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\isacommand{primrec}\isamarkupfalse%
+\isanewline
+{\isachardoublequoteopen}normal{\isacharparenleft}CIF\ b{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ True{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+{\isachardoublequoteopen}normal{\isacharparenleft}VIF\ x{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ True{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+{\isachardoublequoteopen}normal{\isacharparenleft}IF\ b\ t\ e{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}normal\ t\ {\isasymand}\ normal\ e\ {\isasymand}\isanewline
+\ \ \ \ \ {\isacharparenleft}case\ b\ of\ CIF\ b\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ True\ {\isacharbar}\ VIF\ x\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ True\ {\isacharbar}\ IF\ x\ y\ z\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ False{\isacharparenright}{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}%
 \begin{isamarkuptext}%
 \noindent
 Now we prove \isa{normal\ {\isacharparenleft}norm\ b{\isacharparenright}}. Of course, this requires a lemma about
 normality of \isa{normif}:%
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
-\isamarkupfalse%
-\isacommand{lemma}\ {\isacharbrackleft}simp{\isacharbrackright}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequote}{\isasymforall}t\ e{\isachardot}\ normal{\isacharparenleft}normif\ b\ t\ e{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}normal\ t\ {\isasymand}\ normal\ e{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequote}%
+\isamarkuptrue%
+\isacommand{lemma}\isamarkupfalse%
+\ {\isacharbrackleft}simp{\isacharbrackright}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}{\isasymforall}t\ e{\isachardot}\ normal{\isacharparenleft}normif\ b\ t\ e{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}normal\ t\ {\isasymand}\ normal\ e{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}%
 \isadelimproof
 %
 \endisadelimproof
 %
 \isatagproof
+\isamarkupfalse%
+\isamarkupfalse%
 %
 \endisatagproof
 {\isafoldproof}%
@@ -259,12 +268,15 @@
 \isadelimproof
 %
 \endisadelimproof
+\isamarkupfalse%
 %
 \isadelimproof
 %
 \endisadelimproof
 %
 \isatagproof
+\isamarkupfalse%
+\isamarkupfalse%
 %
 \endisatagproof
 {\isafoldproof}%
@@ -272,7 +284,6 @@
 \isadelimproof
 %
 \endisadelimproof
-\isamarkuptrue%
 %
 \begin{isamarkuptext}%
 \medskip
@@ -291,12 +302,22 @@
 \end{exercise}
 \index{boolean expressions example|)}%
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
+\isamarkuptrue%
+\isamarkupfalse%
+\isamarkupfalse%
+\isamarkupfalse%
+\isamarkupfalse%
+\isamarkupfalse%
+\isamarkupfalse%
+\isamarkupfalse%
 %
 \isadelimproof
 %
 \endisadelimproof
 %
 \isatagproof
+\isamarkupfalse%
+\isamarkupfalse%
 %
 \endisatagproof
 {\isafoldproof}%
@@ -304,12 +325,15 @@
 \isadelimproof
 %
 \endisadelimproof
+\isamarkupfalse%
 %
 \isadelimproof
 %
 \endisadelimproof
 %
 \isatagproof
+\isamarkupfalse%
+\isamarkupfalse%
 %
 \endisatagproof
 {\isafoldproof}%
@@ -317,12 +341,15 @@
 \isadelimproof
 %
 \endisadelimproof
+\isamarkupfalse%
 %
 \isadelimproof
 %
 \endisadelimproof
 %
 \isatagproof
+\isamarkupfalse%
+\isamarkupfalse%
 %
 \endisatagproof
 {\isafoldproof}%
@@ -330,12 +357,15 @@
 \isadelimproof
 %
 \endisadelimproof
+\isamarkupfalse%
 %
 \isadelimproof
 %
 \endisadelimproof
 %
 \isatagproof
+\isamarkupfalse%
+\isamarkupfalse%
 %
 \endisatagproof
 {\isafoldproof}%
@@ -349,6 +379,7 @@
 \endisadelimtheory
 %
 \isatagtheory
+\isamarkupfalse%
 %
 \endisatagtheory
 {\isafoldtheory}%