doc-src/Functions/Thy/document/Functions.tex

--- a/doc-src/Functions/Thy/document/Functions.tex	Sun Nov 07 23:32:26 2010 +0100
+++ b/doc-src/Functions/Thy/document/Functions.tex	Mon Nov 08 00:00:47 2010 +0100
@@ -29,18 +29,18 @@
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 \isacommand{fun}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ fib\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}nat\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ nat{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ fib\ {\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}nat\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ nat{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 \isakeyword{where}\isanewline
-\ \ {\isachardoublequoteopen}fib\ {\isadigit{0}}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
-{\isacharbar}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}fib\ {\isacharparenleft}Suc\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
-{\isacharbar}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}fib\ {\isacharparenleft}Suc\ {\isacharparenleft}Suc\ n{\isacharparenright}{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ fib\ n\ {\isacharplus}\ fib\ {\isacharparenleft}Suc\ n{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}%
+\ \ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}fib\ {\isadigit{0}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
+{\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}fib\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}Suc\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
+{\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}fib\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}Suc\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}Suc\ n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ fib\ n\ {\isaliteral{2B}{\isacharplus}}\ fib\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}Suc\ n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}%
 \begin{isamarkuptext}%
 The syntax is rather self-explanatory: We introduce a function by
   giving its name, its type, 
   and a set of defining recursive equations.
   If we leave out the type, the most general type will be
-  inferred, which can sometimes lead to surprises: Since both \isa{{\isadigit{1}}} and \isa{{\isacharplus}} are overloaded, we would end up
-  with \isa{fib\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ nat\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ {\isacharprime}a{\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}{\isacharbraceleft}one{\isacharcomma}plus{\isacharbraceright}}.%
+  inferred, which can sometimes lead to surprises: Since both \isa{{\isadigit{1}}} and \isa{{\isaliteral{2B}{\isacharplus}}} are overloaded, we would end up
+  with \isa{fib\ {\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ nat\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ {\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}a{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}{\isaliteral{7B}{\isacharbraceleft}}one{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}plus{\isaliteral{7D}{\isacharbraceright}}}.%
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 %
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@
   every recursive call. 
   Since HOL is a logic of total functions, termination is a
   fundamental requirement to prevent inconsistencies\footnote{From the
-  \qt{definition} \isa{f{\isacharparenleft}n{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ f{\isacharparenleft}n{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharplus}\ {\isadigit{1}}} we could prove 
-  \isa{{\isadigit{0}}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{1}}} by subtracting \isa{f{\isacharparenleft}n{\isacharparenright}} on both sides.}.
+  \qt{definition} \isa{f{\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ f{\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{2B}{\isacharplus}}\ {\isadigit{1}}} we could prove 
+  \isa{{\isadigit{0}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{1}}} by subtracting \isa{f{\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}} on both sides.}.
   Isabelle tries to prove termination automatically when a definition
   is made. In \S\ref{termination}, we will look at cases where this
   fails and see what to do then.%
@@ -76,10 +76,10 @@
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 \isacommand{fun}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ sep\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}{\isacharprime}a\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ {\isacharprime}a\ list\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ {\isacharprime}a\ list{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ sep\ {\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}{\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}a\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ {\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}a\ list\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ {\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}a\ list{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 \isakeyword{where}\isanewline
-\ \ {\isachardoublequoteopen}sep\ a\ {\isacharparenleft}x{\isacharhash}y{\isacharhash}xs{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ x\ {\isacharhash}\ a\ {\isacharhash}\ sep\ a\ {\isacharparenleft}y\ {\isacharhash}\ xs{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
-{\isacharbar}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}sep\ a\ xs\ \ \ \ \ \ \ {\isacharequal}\ xs{\isachardoublequoteclose}%
+\ \ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}sep\ a\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}x{\isaliteral{23}{\isacharhash}}y{\isaliteral{23}{\isacharhash}}xs{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ x\ {\isaliteral{23}{\isacharhash}}\ a\ {\isaliteral{23}{\isacharhash}}\ sep\ a\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}y\ {\isaliteral{23}{\isacharhash}}\ xs{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
+{\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}sep\ a\ xs\ \ \ \ \ \ \ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ xs{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}%
 \begin{isamarkuptext}%
 Overlapping patterns are interpreted as \qt{increments} to what is
   already there: The second equation is only meant for the cases where
@@ -88,12 +88,12 @@
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 \isacommand{thm}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ sep{\isachardot}simps%
+\ sep{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}simps%
 \begin{isamarkuptext}%
 \begin{isabelle}%
-sep\ a\ {\isacharparenleft}x\ {\isacharhash}\ y\ {\isacharhash}\ xs{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ x\ {\isacharhash}\ a\ {\isacharhash}\ sep\ a\ {\isacharparenleft}y\ {\isacharhash}\ xs{\isacharparenright}\isasep\isanewline%
-sep\ a\ {\isacharbrackleft}{\isacharbrackright}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharbrackleft}{\isacharbrackright}\isasep\isanewline%
-sep\ a\ {\isacharbrackleft}v{\isacharbrackright}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharbrackleft}v{\isacharbrackright}%
+sep\ a\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}x\ {\isaliteral{23}{\isacharhash}}\ y\ {\isaliteral{23}{\isacharhash}}\ xs{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ x\ {\isaliteral{23}{\isacharhash}}\ a\ {\isaliteral{23}{\isacharhash}}\ sep\ a\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}y\ {\isaliteral{23}{\isacharhash}}\ xs{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\isasep\isanewline%
+sep\ a\ {\isaliteral{5B}{\isacharbrackleft}}{\isaliteral{5D}{\isacharbrackright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{5B}{\isacharbrackleft}}{\isaliteral{5D}{\isacharbrackright}}\isasep\isanewline%
+sep\ a\ {\isaliteral{5B}{\isacharbrackleft}}v{\isaliteral{5D}{\isacharbrackright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{5B}{\isacharbrackleft}}v{\isaliteral{5D}{\isacharbrackright}}%
 \end{isabelle}%
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 \isacommand{lemma}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}sep\ {\isadigit{0}}\ {\isacharbrackleft}{\isadigit{1}}{\isacharcomma}\ {\isadigit{2}}{\isacharcomma}\ {\isadigit{3}}{\isacharbrackright}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharbrackleft}{\isadigit{1}}{\isacharcomma}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isacharcomma}\ {\isadigit{2}}{\isacharcomma}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isacharcomma}\ {\isadigit{3}}{\isacharbrackright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}sep\ {\isadigit{0}}\ {\isaliteral{5B}{\isacharbrackleft}}{\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ {\isadigit{2}}{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ {\isadigit{3}}{\isaliteral{5D}{\isacharbrackright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{5B}{\isacharbrackleft}}{\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ {\isadigit{2}}{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ {\isadigit{3}}{\isaliteral{5D}{\isacharbrackright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 %
 \isadelimproof
 %
@@ -127,12 +127,12 @@
 \begin{isamarkuptext}%
 Isabelle provides customized induction rules for recursive
   functions. These rules follow the recursive structure of the
-  definition. Here is the rule \isa{sep{\isachardot}induct} arising from the
+  definition. Here is the rule \isa{sep{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}induct} arising from the
   above definition of \isa{sep}:
 
   \begin{isabelle}%
-{\isasymlbrakk}{\isasymAnd}a\ x\ y\ xs{\isachardot}\ {\isacharquery}P\ a\ {\isacharparenleft}y\ {\isacharhash}\ xs{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ {\isacharquery}P\ a\ {\isacharparenleft}x\ {\isacharhash}\ y\ {\isacharhash}\ xs{\isacharparenright}{\isacharsemicolon}\ {\isasymAnd}a{\isachardot}\ {\isacharquery}P\ a\ {\isacharbrackleft}{\isacharbrackright}{\isacharsemicolon}\ {\isasymAnd}a\ v{\isachardot}\ {\isacharquery}P\ a\ {\isacharbrackleft}v{\isacharbrackright}{\isasymrbrakk}\isanewline
-{\isasymLongrightarrow}\ {\isacharquery}P\ {\isacharquery}a{\isadigit{0}}{\isachardot}{\isadigit{0}}\ {\isacharquery}a{\isadigit{1}}{\isachardot}{\isadigit{0}}%
+{\isaliteral{5C3C6C6272616B6B3E}{\isasymlbrakk}}{\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}a\ x\ y\ xs{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}P\ a\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}y\ {\isaliteral{23}{\isacharhash}}\ xs{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}P\ a\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}x\ {\isaliteral{23}{\isacharhash}}\ y\ {\isaliteral{23}{\isacharhash}}\ xs{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{3B}{\isacharsemicolon}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}a{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}P\ a\ {\isaliteral{5B}{\isacharbrackleft}}{\isaliteral{5D}{\isacharbrackright}}{\isaliteral{3B}{\isacharsemicolon}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}a\ v{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}P\ a\ {\isaliteral{5B}{\isacharbrackleft}}v{\isaliteral{5D}{\isacharbrackright}}{\isaliteral{5C3C726272616B6B3E}{\isasymrbrakk}}\isanewline
+{\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}P\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}a{\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}{\isadigit{0}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}a{\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}{\isadigit{0}}%
 \end{isabelle}
   
   We have a step case for list with at least two elements, and two
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 \isacommand{lemma}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}map\ f\ {\isacharparenleft}sep\ x\ ys{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ sep\ {\isacharparenleft}f\ x{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharparenleft}map\ f\ ys{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}map\ f\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}sep\ x\ ys{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ sep\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}f\ x{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}map\ f\ ys{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 %
 \isadelimproof
 %
@@ -149,16 +149,16 @@
 %
 \isatagproof
 \isacommand{apply}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isacharparenleft}induct\ x\ ys\ rule{\isacharcolon}\ sep{\isachardot}induct{\isacharparenright}%
+\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}induct\ x\ ys\ rule{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ sep{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}induct{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}%
 \begin{isamarkuptxt}%
 We get three cases, like in the definition.
 
   \begin{isabelle}%
-\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isachardot}\ {\isasymAnd}a\ x\ y\ xs{\isachardot}\isanewline
-\isaindent{\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isachardot}\ \ \ \ }map\ f\ {\isacharparenleft}sep\ a\ {\isacharparenleft}y\ {\isacharhash}\ xs{\isacharparenright}{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ sep\ {\isacharparenleft}f\ a{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharparenleft}map\ f\ {\isacharparenleft}y\ {\isacharhash}\ xs{\isacharparenright}{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\isanewline
-\isaindent{\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isachardot}\ \ \ \ }map\ f\ {\isacharparenleft}sep\ a\ {\isacharparenleft}x\ {\isacharhash}\ y\ {\isacharhash}\ xs{\isacharparenright}{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ sep\ {\isacharparenleft}f\ a{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharparenleft}map\ f\ {\isacharparenleft}x\ {\isacharhash}\ y\ {\isacharhash}\ xs{\isacharparenright}{\isacharparenright}\isanewline
-\ {\isadigit{2}}{\isachardot}\ {\isasymAnd}a{\isachardot}\ map\ f\ {\isacharparenleft}sep\ a\ {\isacharbrackleft}{\isacharbrackright}{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ sep\ {\isacharparenleft}f\ a{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharparenleft}map\ f\ {\isacharbrackleft}{\isacharbrackright}{\isacharparenright}\isanewline
-\ {\isadigit{3}}{\isachardot}\ {\isasymAnd}a\ v{\isachardot}\ map\ f\ {\isacharparenleft}sep\ a\ {\isacharbrackleft}v{\isacharbrackright}{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ sep\ {\isacharparenleft}f\ a{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharparenleft}map\ f\ {\isacharbrackleft}v{\isacharbrackright}{\isacharparenright}%
+\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}a\ x\ y\ xs{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\isanewline
+\isaindent{\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ \ \ \ }map\ f\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}sep\ a\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}y\ {\isaliteral{23}{\isacharhash}}\ xs{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ sep\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}f\ a{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}map\ f\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}y\ {\isaliteral{23}{\isacharhash}}\ xs{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\isanewline
+\isaindent{\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ \ \ \ }map\ f\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}sep\ a\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}x\ {\isaliteral{23}{\isacharhash}}\ y\ {\isaliteral{23}{\isacharhash}}\ xs{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ sep\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}f\ a{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}map\ f\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}x\ {\isaliteral{23}{\isacharhash}}\ y\ {\isaliteral{23}{\isacharhash}}\ xs{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\isanewline
+\ {\isadigit{2}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}a{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ map\ f\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}sep\ a\ {\isaliteral{5B}{\isacharbrackleft}}{\isaliteral{5D}{\isacharbrackright}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ sep\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}f\ a{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}map\ f\ {\isaliteral{5B}{\isacharbrackleft}}{\isaliteral{5D}{\isacharbrackright}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\isanewline
+\ {\isadigit{3}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}a\ v{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ map\ f\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}sep\ a\ {\isaliteral{5B}{\isacharbrackleft}}v{\isaliteral{5D}{\isacharbrackright}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ sep\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}f\ a{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}map\ f\ {\isaliteral{5B}{\isacharbrackleft}}v{\isaliteral{5D}{\isacharbrackright}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}%
 \end{isabelle}%
 \end{isamarkuptxt}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
@@ -200,19 +200,19 @@
 
 
 \[\left[\;\begin{minipage}{0.25\textwidth}\vspace{6pt}
-\cmd{fun} \isa{f\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isasymtau}}\\%
+\cmd{fun} \isa{f\ {\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C7461753E}{\isasymtau}}}\\%
 \cmd{where}\\%
 \hspace*{2ex}{\it equations}\\%
 \hspace*{2ex}\vdots\vspace*{6pt}
 \end{minipage}\right]
 \quad\equiv\quad
 \left[\;\begin{minipage}{0.48\textwidth}\vspace{6pt}
-\cmd{function} \isa{{\isacharparenleft}}\cmd{sequential}\isa{{\isacharparenright}\ f\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isasymtau}}\\%
+\cmd{function} \isa{{\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}}\cmd{sequential}\isa{{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ f\ {\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C7461753E}{\isasymtau}}}\\%
 \cmd{where}\\%
 \hspace*{2ex}{\it equations}\\%
 \hspace*{2ex}\vdots\\%
-\cmd{by} \isa{pat{\isacharunderscore}completeness\ auto}\\%
-\cmd{termination by} \isa{lexicographic{\isacharunderscore}order}\vspace{6pt}
+\cmd{by} \isa{pat{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}completeness\ auto}\\%
+\cmd{termination by} \isa{lexicographic{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}order}\vspace{6pt}
 \end{minipage}
 \right]\]
 
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@
 
   \item A function definition produces a proof obligation which
   expresses completeness and compatibility of patterns (we talk about
-  this later). The combination of the methods \isa{pat{\isacharunderscore}completeness} and
+  this later). The combination of the methods \isa{pat{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}completeness} and
   \isa{auto} is used to solve this proof obligation.
 
   \item A termination proof follows the definition, started by the
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@
 %
 \begin{isamarkuptext}%
 \label{termination}
-  The method \isa{lexicographic{\isacharunderscore}order} is the default method for
+  The method \isa{lexicographic{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}order} is the default method for
   termination proofs. It can prove termination of a
   certain class of functions by searching for a suitable lexicographic
   combination of size measures. Of course, not all functions have such
@@ -265,9 +265,9 @@
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 \isacommand{function}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ sum\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}nat\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ nat\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ nat{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ sum\ {\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}nat\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ nat\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ nat{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 \isakeyword{where}\isanewline
-\ \ {\isachardoublequoteopen}sum\ i\ N\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}if\ i\ {\isachargreater}\ N\ then\ {\isadigit{0}}\ else\ i\ {\isacharplus}\ sum\ {\isacharparenleft}Suc\ i{\isacharparenright}\ N{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ \ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}sum\ i\ N\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}if\ i\ {\isaliteral{3E}{\isachargreater}}\ N\ then\ {\isadigit{0}}\ else\ i\ {\isaliteral{2B}{\isacharplus}}\ sum\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}Suc\ i{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ N{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 %
 \isadelimproof
 %
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@
 %
 \isatagproof
 \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ pat{\isacharunderscore}completeness\ auto%
+\ pat{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}completeness\ auto%
 \endisatagproof
 {\isafoldproof}%
 %
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@
 \endisadelimproof
 %
 \begin{isamarkuptext}%
-\noindent The \isa{lexicographic{\isacharunderscore}order} method fails on this example, because none of the
+\noindent The \isa{lexicographic{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}order} method fails on this example, because none of the
   arguments decreases in the recursive call, with respect to the standard size ordering.
   To prove termination manually, we must provide a custom wellfounded relation.
 
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@
   the \emph{difference} between \isa{i} and \isa{N} gets
   smaller in every step, and that the recursion stops when \isa{i}
   is greater than \isa{N}. Phrased differently, the expression 
-  \isa{N\ {\isacharplus}\ {\isadigit{1}}\ {\isacharminus}\ i} always decreases.
+  \isa{N\ {\isaliteral{2B}{\isacharplus}}\ {\isadigit{1}}\ {\isaliteral{2D}{\isacharminus}}\ i} always decreases.
 
   We can use this expression as a measure function suitable to prove termination.%
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
@@ -306,19 +306,19 @@
 %
 \isatagproof
 \isacommand{apply}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isacharparenleft}relation\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}measure\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isasymlambda}{\isacharparenleft}i{\isacharcomma}N{\isacharparenright}{\isachardot}\ N\ {\isacharplus}\ {\isadigit{1}}\ {\isacharminus}\ i{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}{\isacharparenright}%
+\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}relation\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}measure\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}{\isaliteral{5C3C6C616D6264613E}{\isasymlambda}}{\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}i{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}N{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ N\ {\isaliteral{2B}{\isacharplus}}\ {\isadigit{1}}\ {\isaliteral{2D}{\isacharminus}}\ i{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}%
 \begin{isamarkuptxt}%
 The \cmd{termination} command sets up the termination goal for the
   specified function \isa{sum}. If the function name is omitted, it
   implicitly refers to the last function definition.
 
   The \isa{relation} method takes a relation of
-  type \isa{{\isacharparenleft}{\isacharprime}a\ {\isasymtimes}\ {\isacharprime}a{\isacharparenright}\ set}, where \isa{{\isacharprime}a} is the argument type of
+  type \isa{{\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}{\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}a\ {\isaliteral{5C3C74696D65733E}{\isasymtimes}}\ {\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}a{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ set}, where \isa{{\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}a} is the argument type of
   the function. If the function has multiple curried arguments, then
   these are packed together into a tuple, as it happened in the above
   example.
 
-  The predefined function \isa{{\isachardoublequote}measure\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isacharprime}a\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ nat{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isacharprime}a\ {\isasymtimes}\ {\isacharprime}a{\isacharparenright}\ set{\isachardoublequote}} constructs a
+  The predefined function \isa{{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequote}}measure\ {\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}{\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}a\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ nat{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}{\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}a\ {\isaliteral{5C3C74696D65733E}{\isasymtimes}}\ {\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}a{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ set{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequote}}} constructs a
   wellfounded relation from a mapping into the natural numbers (a
   \emph{measure function}). 
 
@@ -328,8 +328,8 @@
   relation:
 
   \begin{isabelle}%
-\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isachardot}\ wf\ {\isacharparenleft}measure\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isasymlambda}{\isacharparenleft}i{\isacharcomma}\ N{\isacharparenright}{\isachardot}\ N\ {\isacharplus}\ {\isadigit{1}}\ {\isacharminus}\ i{\isacharparenright}{\isacharparenright}\isanewline
-\ {\isadigit{2}}{\isachardot}\ {\isasymAnd}i\ N{\isachardot}\ {\isasymnot}\ N\ {\isacharless}\ i\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isacharparenleft}Suc\ i{\isacharcomma}\ N{\isacharparenright}{\isacharcomma}\ i{\isacharcomma}\ N{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymin}\ measure\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isasymlambda}{\isacharparenleft}i{\isacharcomma}\ N{\isacharparenright}{\isachardot}\ N\ {\isacharplus}\ {\isadigit{1}}\ {\isacharminus}\ i{\isacharparenright}%
+\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ wf\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}measure\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}{\isaliteral{5C3C6C616D6264613E}{\isasymlambda}}{\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}i{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ N{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ N\ {\isaliteral{2B}{\isacharplus}}\ {\isadigit{1}}\ {\isaliteral{2D}{\isacharminus}}\ i{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\isanewline
+\ {\isadigit{2}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}i\ N{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C6E6F743E}{\isasymnot}}\ N\ {\isaliteral{3C}{\isacharless}}\ i\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}{\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}Suc\ i{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ N{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ i{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ N{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C696E3E}{\isasymin}}\ measure\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}{\isaliteral{5C3C6C616D6264613E}{\isasymlambda}}{\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}i{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ N{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ N\ {\isaliteral{2B}{\isacharplus}}\ {\isadigit{1}}\ {\isaliteral{2D}{\isacharminus}}\ i{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}%
 \end{isabelle}
 
   These goals are all solved by \isa{auto}:%
@@ -352,11 +352,11 @@
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 \isacommand{function}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ foo\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}nat\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ nat\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ nat{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ foo\ {\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}nat\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ nat\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ nat{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 \isakeyword{where}\isanewline
-\ \ {\isachardoublequoteopen}foo\ i\ N\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}if\ i\ {\isachargreater}\ N\ \isanewline
-\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ then\ {\isacharparenleft}if\ N\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{0}}\ then\ {\isadigit{0}}\ else\ foo\ {\isadigit{0}}\ {\isacharparenleft}N\ {\isacharminus}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isacharparenright}{\isacharparenright}\isanewline
-\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ else\ i\ {\isacharplus}\ foo\ {\isacharparenleft}Suc\ i{\isacharparenright}\ N{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ \ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}foo\ i\ N\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}if\ i\ {\isaliteral{3E}{\isachargreater}}\ N\ \isanewline
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ then\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}if\ N\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{0}}\ then\ {\isadigit{0}}\ else\ foo\ {\isadigit{0}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}N\ {\isaliteral{2D}{\isacharminus}}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\isanewline
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ else\ i\ {\isaliteral{2B}{\isacharplus}}\ foo\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}Suc\ i{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ N{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 %
 \isadelimproof
 %
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@
 %
 \isatagproof
 \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ pat{\isacharunderscore}completeness\ auto%
+\ pat{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}completeness\ auto%
 \endisatagproof
 {\isafoldproof}%
 %
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@
 %
 \isatagproof
 \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isacharparenleft}relation\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}measures\ {\isacharbrackleft}{\isasymlambda}{\isacharparenleft}i{\isacharcomma}\ N{\isacharparenright}{\isachardot}\ N{\isacharcomma}\ {\isasymlambda}{\isacharparenleft}i{\isacharcomma}N{\isacharparenright}{\isachardot}\ N\ {\isacharplus}\ {\isadigit{1}}\ {\isacharminus}\ i{\isacharbrackright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}{\isacharparenright}\ auto%
+\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}relation\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}measures\ {\isaliteral{5B}{\isacharbrackleft}}{\isaliteral{5C3C6C616D6264613E}{\isasymlambda}}{\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}i{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ N{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ N{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C6C616D6264613E}{\isasymlambda}}{\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}i{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}N{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ N\ {\isaliteral{2B}{\isacharplus}}\ {\isadigit{1}}\ {\isaliteral{2D}{\isacharminus}}\ i{\isaliteral{5D}{\isacharbrackright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ auto%
 \endisatagproof
 {\isafoldproof}%
 %
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@
 %
 \endisadelimproof
 %
-\isamarkupsubsection{How \isa{lexicographic{\isacharunderscore}order} works%
+\isamarkupsubsection{How \isa{lexicographic{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}order} works%
 }
 \isamarkuptrue%
 %
@@ -409,10 +409,10 @@
   termination prover, see \cite{bulwahnKN07}}:
 
 \end{isamarkuptext}  
-\cmd{fun} \isa{fails\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequote}nat\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ nat\ list\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ nat{\isachardoublequote}}\\%
+\cmd{fun} \isa{fails\ {\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequote}}nat\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ nat\ list\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ nat{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequote}}}\\%
 \cmd{where}\\%
-\hspace*{2ex}\isa{{\isachardoublequote}fails\ a\ {\isacharbrackleft}{\isacharbrackright}\ {\isacharequal}\ a{\isachardoublequote}}\\%
-|\hspace*{1.5ex}\isa{{\isachardoublequote}fails\ a\ {\isacharparenleft}x{\isacharhash}xs{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ fails\ {\isacharparenleft}x\ {\isacharplus}\ a{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharparenleft}x{\isacharhash}xs{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequote}}\\
+\hspace*{2ex}\isa{{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequote}}fails\ a\ {\isaliteral{5B}{\isacharbrackleft}}{\isaliteral{5D}{\isacharbrackright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ a{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequote}}}\\%
+|\hspace*{1.5ex}\isa{{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequote}}fails\ a\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}x{\isaliteral{23}{\isacharhash}}xs{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ fails\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}x\ {\isaliteral{2B}{\isacharplus}}\ a{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}x{\isaliteral{23}{\isacharhash}}xs{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequote}}}\\
 \begin{isamarkuptext}
 
 \noindent Isabelle responds with the following error:
@@ -420,16 +420,16 @@
 \begin{isabelle}
 *** Unfinished subgoals:\newline
 *** (a, 1, <):\newline
-*** \ 1.~\isa{{\isasymAnd}x{\isachardot}\ x\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{0}}}\newline
+*** \ 1.~\isa{{\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}x{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ x\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{0}}}\newline
 *** (a, 1, <=):\newline
 *** \ 1.~False\newline
 *** (a, 2, <):\newline
 *** \ 1.~False\newline
 *** Calls:\newline
-*** a) \isa{{\isacharparenleft}a{\isacharcomma}\ x\ {\isacharhash}\ xs{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharminus}{\isacharminus}{\isachargreater}{\isachargreater}\ {\isacharparenleft}x\ {\isacharplus}\ a{\isacharcomma}\ x\ {\isacharhash}\ xs{\isacharparenright}}\newline
+*** a) \isa{{\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}a{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ x\ {\isaliteral{23}{\isacharhash}}\ xs{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{2D}{\isacharminus}}{\isaliteral{2D}{\isacharminus}}{\isaliteral{3E}{\isachargreater}}{\isaliteral{3E}{\isachargreater}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}x\ {\isaliteral{2B}{\isacharplus}}\ a{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ x\ {\isaliteral{23}{\isacharhash}}\ xs{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}}\newline
 *** Measures:\newline
-*** 1) \isa{{\isasymlambda}x{\isachardot}\ size\ {\isacharparenleft}fst\ x{\isacharparenright}}\newline
-*** 2) \isa{{\isasymlambda}x{\isachardot}\ size\ {\isacharparenleft}snd\ x{\isacharparenright}}\newline
+*** 1) \isa{{\isaliteral{5C3C6C616D6264613E}{\isasymlambda}}x{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ size\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}fst\ x{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}}\newline
+*** 2) \isa{{\isaliteral{5C3C6C616D6264613E}{\isasymlambda}}x{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ size\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}snd\ x{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}}\newline
 *** Result matrix:\newline
 *** \ \ \ \ 1\ \ 2  \newline
 *** a:  ?   <= \newline
@@ -447,29 +447,29 @@
   argument tuple to a natural number). 
 
   The contents of the matrix summarize what is known about argument
-  descents: The second argument has a weak descent (\isa{{\isacharless}{\isacharequal}}) at the
+  descents: The second argument has a weak descent (\isa{{\isaliteral{3C}{\isacharless}}{\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}}) at the
   recursive call, and for the first argument nothing could be proved,
-  which is expressed by \isa{{\isacharquery}}. In general, there are the values
-  \isa{{\isacharless}}, \isa{{\isacharless}{\isacharequal}} and \isa{{\isacharquery}}.
+  which is expressed by \isa{{\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}}. In general, there are the values
+  \isa{{\isaliteral{3C}{\isacharless}}}, \isa{{\isaliteral{3C}{\isacharless}}{\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}} and \isa{{\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}}.
 
   For the failed proof attempts, the unfinished subgoals are also
   printed. Looking at these will often point to a missing lemma.%
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 %
-\isamarkupsubsection{The \isa{size{\isacharunderscore}change} method%
+\isamarkupsubsection{The \isa{size{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}change} method%
 }
 \isamarkuptrue%
 %
 \begin{isamarkuptext}%
 Some termination goals that are beyond the powers of
-  \isa{lexicographic{\isacharunderscore}order} can be solved automatically by the
-  more powerful \isa{size{\isacharunderscore}change} method, which uses a variant of
+  \isa{lexicographic{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}order} can be solved automatically by the
+  more powerful \isa{size{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}change} method, which uses a variant of
   the size-change principle, together with some other
   techniques. While the details are discussed
   elsewhere\cite{krauss_phd},
   here are a few typical situations where
-  \isa{lexicographic{\isacharunderscore}order} has difficulties and \isa{size{\isacharunderscore}change}
+  \isa{lexicographic{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}order} has difficulties and \isa{size{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}change}
   may be worth a try:
   \begin{itemize}
   \item Arguments are permuted in a recursive call.
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@
   occur in sequence).
   \end{itemize}
 
-  Loading the theory \isa{Multiset} makes the \isa{size{\isacharunderscore}change}
+  Loading the theory \isa{Multiset} makes the \isa{size{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}change}
   method a bit stronger: it can then use multiset orders internally.%
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
@@ -493,13 +493,13 @@
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 \isacommand{function}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ even\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}nat\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ bool{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
-\ \ \ \ \isakeyword{and}\ odd\ \ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}nat\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ bool{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ even\ {\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}nat\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ bool{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
+\ \ \ \ \isakeyword{and}\ odd\ \ {\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}nat\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ bool{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 \isakeyword{where}\isanewline
-\ \ {\isachardoublequoteopen}even\ {\isadigit{0}}\ {\isacharequal}\ True{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
-{\isacharbar}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}odd\ {\isadigit{0}}\ {\isacharequal}\ False{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
-{\isacharbar}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}even\ {\isacharparenleft}Suc\ n{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ odd\ n{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
-{\isacharbar}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}odd\ {\isacharparenleft}Suc\ n{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ even\ n{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ \ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}even\ {\isadigit{0}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ True{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
+{\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}odd\ {\isadigit{0}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ False{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
+{\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}even\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}Suc\ n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ odd\ n{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
+{\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}odd\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}Suc\ n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ even\ n{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 %
 \isadelimproof
 %
@@ -507,7 +507,7 @@
 %
 \isatagproof
 \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ pat{\isacharunderscore}completeness\ auto%
+\ pat{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}completeness\ auto%
 \endisatagproof
 {\isafoldproof}%
 %
@@ -518,7 +518,7 @@
 \begin{isamarkuptext}%
 To eliminate the mutual dependencies, Isabelle internally
   creates a single function operating on the sum
-  type \isa{nat\ {\isacharplus}\ nat}. Then, \isa{even} and \isa{odd} are
+  type \isa{nat\ {\isaliteral{2B}{\isacharplus}}\ nat}. Then, \isa{even} and \isa{odd} are
   defined as projections. Consequently, termination has to be proved
   simultaneously for both functions, by specifying a measure on the
   sum type:%
@@ -533,7 +533,7 @@
 %
 \isatagproof
 \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isacharparenleft}relation\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}measure\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isasymlambda}x{\isachardot}\ case\ x\ of\ Inl\ n\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ n\ {\isacharbar}\ Inr\ n\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ n{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}{\isacharparenright}\ auto%
+\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}relation\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}measure\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}{\isaliteral{5C3C6C616D6264613E}{\isasymlambda}}x{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ case\ x\ of\ Inl\ n\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ n\ {\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ Inr\ n\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ auto%
 \endisatagproof
 {\isafoldproof}%
 %
@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@
 \endisadelimproof
 %
 \begin{isamarkuptext}%
-We could also have used \isa{lexicographic{\isacharunderscore}order}, which
+We could also have used \isa{lexicographic{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}order}, which
   supports mutual recursive termination proofs to a certain extent.%
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
@@ -553,16 +553,16 @@
 %
 \begin{isamarkuptext}%
 When functions are mutually recursive, proving properties about them
-  generally requires simultaneous induction. The induction rule \isa{even{\isacharunderscore}odd{\isachardot}induct}
+  generally requires simultaneous induction. The induction rule \isa{even{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}odd{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}induct}
   generated from the above definition reflects this.
 
   Let us prove something about \isa{even} and \isa{odd}:%
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 \isacommand{lemma}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ even{\isacharunderscore}odd{\isacharunderscore}mod{\isadigit{2}}{\isacharcolon}\isanewline
-\ \ {\isachardoublequoteopen}even\ n\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}n\ mod\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
-\ \ {\isachardoublequoteopen}odd\ n\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}n\ mod\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}%
+\ even{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}odd{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}mod{\isadigit{2}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\isanewline
+\ \ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}even\ n\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}n\ mod\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
+\ \ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}odd\ n\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}n\ mod\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}%
 \isadelimproof
 %
 \endisadelimproof
@@ -575,26 +575,26 @@
 \end{isamarkuptxt}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 \isacommand{apply}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isacharparenleft}induct\ n\ \isakeyword{and}\ n\ rule{\isacharcolon}\ even{\isacharunderscore}odd{\isachardot}induct{\isacharparenright}%
+\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}induct\ n\ \isakeyword{and}\ n\ rule{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ even{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}odd{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}induct{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}%
 \begin{isamarkuptxt}%
 We get four subgoals, which correspond to the clauses in the
   definition of \isa{even} and \isa{odd}:
   \begin{isabelle}%
-\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isachardot}\ even\ {\isadigit{0}}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isadigit{0}}\ mod\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isacharparenright}\isanewline
-\ {\isadigit{2}}{\isachardot}\ odd\ {\isadigit{0}}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isadigit{0}}\ mod\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isacharparenright}\isanewline
-\ {\isadigit{3}}{\isachardot}\ {\isasymAnd}n{\isachardot}\ odd\ n\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}n\ mod\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ even\ {\isacharparenleft}Suc\ n{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}Suc\ n\ mod\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isacharparenright}\isanewline
-\ {\isadigit{4}}{\isachardot}\ {\isasymAnd}n{\isachardot}\ even\ n\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}n\ mod\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ odd\ {\isacharparenleft}Suc\ n{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}Suc\ n\ mod\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isacharparenright}%
+\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ even\ {\isadigit{0}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}{\isadigit{0}}\ mod\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\isanewline
+\ {\isadigit{2}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ odd\ {\isadigit{0}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}{\isadigit{0}}\ mod\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\isanewline
+\ {\isadigit{3}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}n{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ odd\ n\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}n\ mod\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ even\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}Suc\ n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}Suc\ n\ mod\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\isanewline
+\ {\isadigit{4}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}n{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ even\ n\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}n\ mod\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ odd\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}Suc\ n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}Suc\ n\ mod\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}%
 \end{isabelle}
   Simplification solves the first two goals, leaving us with two
   statements about the \isa{mod} operation to prove:%
 \end{isamarkuptxt}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 \isacommand{apply}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ simp{\isacharunderscore}all%
+\ simp{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}all%
 \begin{isamarkuptxt}%
 \begin{isabelle}%
-\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isachardot}\ {\isasymAnd}n{\isachardot}\ odd\ n\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}n\ mod\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isacharequal}\ Suc\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ {\isacharparenleft}n\ mod\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isacharequal}\ Suc\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}Suc\ n\ mod\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isacharparenright}\isanewline
-\ {\isadigit{2}}{\isachardot}\ {\isasymAnd}n{\isachardot}\ even\ n\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}n\ mod\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ {\isacharparenleft}n\ mod\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}Suc\ n\ mod\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isacharequal}\ Suc\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isacharparenright}%
+\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}n{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ odd\ n\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}n\ mod\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ Suc\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}n\ mod\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ Suc\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}Suc\ n\ mod\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\isanewline
+\ {\isadigit{2}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}n{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ even\ n\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}n\ mod\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}n\ mod\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}Suc\ n\ mod\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ Suc\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}%
 \end{isabelle} 
 
   \noindent These can be handled by Isabelle's arithmetic decision procedures.%
@@ -622,9 +622,9 @@
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 \isacommand{lemma}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ failed{\isacharunderscore}attempt{\isacharcolon}\isanewline
-\ \ {\isachardoublequoteopen}even\ n\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}n\ mod\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
-\ \ {\isachardoublequoteopen}True{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ failed{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}attempt{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\isanewline
+\ \ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}even\ n\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}n\ mod\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
+\ \ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}True{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 %
 \isadelimproof
 %
@@ -632,16 +632,16 @@
 %
 \isatagproof
 \isacommand{apply}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isacharparenleft}induct\ n\ rule{\isacharcolon}\ even{\isacharunderscore}odd{\isachardot}induct{\isacharparenright}%
+\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}induct\ n\ rule{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ even{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}odd{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}induct{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}%
 \begin{isamarkuptxt}%
 \noindent Now the third subgoal is a dead end, since we have no
   useful induction hypothesis available:
 
   \begin{isabelle}%
-\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isachardot}\ even\ {\isadigit{0}}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isadigit{0}}\ mod\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isacharparenright}\isanewline
-\ {\isadigit{2}}{\isachardot}\ True\isanewline
-\ {\isadigit{3}}{\isachardot}\ {\isasymAnd}n{\isachardot}\ True\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ even\ {\isacharparenleft}Suc\ n{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}Suc\ n\ mod\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isacharparenright}\isanewline
-\ {\isadigit{4}}{\isachardot}\ {\isasymAnd}n{\isachardot}\ even\ n\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}n\ mod\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ True%
+\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ even\ {\isadigit{0}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}{\isadigit{0}}\ mod\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\isanewline
+\ {\isadigit{2}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ True\isanewline
+\ {\isadigit{3}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}n{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ True\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ even\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}Suc\ n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}Suc\ n\ mod\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\isanewline
+\ {\isadigit{4}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}n{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ even\ n\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}n\ mod\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ True%
 \end{isabelle}%
 \end{isamarkuptxt}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
@@ -683,19 +683,19 @@
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 \isacommand{datatype}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ P{\isadigit{3}}\ {\isacharequal}\ T\ {\isacharbar}\ F\ {\isacharbar}\ X%
+\ P{\isadigit{3}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ T\ {\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ F\ {\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ X%
 \begin{isamarkuptext}%
 \noindent Then the conjunction of such values can be defined as follows:%
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 \isacommand{fun}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ And\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}P{\isadigit{3}}\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ P{\isadigit{3}}\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ P{\isadigit{3}}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ And\ {\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}P{\isadigit{3}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ P{\isadigit{3}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ P{\isadigit{3}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 \isakeyword{where}\isanewline
-\ \ {\isachardoublequoteopen}And\ T\ p\ {\isacharequal}\ p{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
-{\isacharbar}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}And\ p\ T\ {\isacharequal}\ p{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
-{\isacharbar}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}And\ p\ F\ {\isacharequal}\ F{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
-{\isacharbar}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}And\ F\ p\ {\isacharequal}\ F{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
-{\isacharbar}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}And\ X\ X\ {\isacharequal}\ X{\isachardoublequoteclose}%
+\ \ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}And\ T\ p\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ p{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
+{\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}And\ p\ T\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ p{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
+{\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}And\ p\ F\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ F{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
+{\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}And\ F\ p\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ F{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
+{\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}And\ X\ X\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ X{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}%
 \begin{isamarkuptext}%
 This definition is useful, because the equations can directly be used
   as simplification rules. But the patterns overlap: For example,
@@ -705,15 +705,15 @@
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 \isacommand{thm}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ And{\isachardot}simps%
+\ And{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}simps%
 \begin{isamarkuptext}%
-\isa{And\ T\ {\isacharquery}p\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharquery}p\isasep\isanewline%
-And\ F\ T\ {\isacharequal}\ F\isasep\isanewline%
-And\ X\ T\ {\isacharequal}\ X\isasep\isanewline%
-And\ F\ F\ {\isacharequal}\ F\isasep\isanewline%
-And\ X\ F\ {\isacharequal}\ F\isasep\isanewline%
-And\ F\ X\ {\isacharequal}\ F\isasep\isanewline%
-And\ X\ X\ {\isacharequal}\ X}
+\isa{And\ T\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}p\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}p\isasep\isanewline%
+And\ F\ T\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ F\isasep\isanewline%
+And\ X\ T\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ X\isasep\isanewline%
+And\ F\ F\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ F\isasep\isanewline%
+And\ X\ F\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ F\isasep\isanewline%
+And\ F\ X\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ F\isasep\isanewline%
+And\ X\ X\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ X}
   
   \vspace*{1em}
   \noindent There are several problems with this:
@@ -729,7 +729,7 @@
   can be simplified to \isa{F} with the original equations, a
   (manual) case split on \isa{x} is now necessary.
 
-  \item The splitting also concerns the induction rule \isa{And{\isachardot}induct}. Instead of five premises it now has seven, which
+  \item The splitting also concerns the induction rule \isa{And{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}induct}. Instead of five premises it now has seven, which
   means that our induction proofs will have more cases.
 
   \item In general, it increases clarity if we get the same definition
@@ -739,17 +739,17 @@
   If we do not want the automatic splitting, we can switch it off by
   leaving out the \cmd{sequential} option. However, we will have to
   prove that our pattern matching is consistent\footnote{This prevents
-  us from defining something like \isa{f\ x\ {\isacharequal}\ True} and \isa{f\ x\ {\isacharequal}\ False} simultaneously.}:%
+  us from defining something like \isa{f\ x\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ True} and \isa{f\ x\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ False} simultaneously.}:%
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 \isacommand{function}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ And{\isadigit{2}}\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}P{\isadigit{3}}\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ P{\isadigit{3}}\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ P{\isadigit{3}}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ And{\isadigit{2}}\ {\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}P{\isadigit{3}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ P{\isadigit{3}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ P{\isadigit{3}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 \isakeyword{where}\isanewline
-\ \ {\isachardoublequoteopen}And{\isadigit{2}}\ T\ p\ {\isacharequal}\ p{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
-{\isacharbar}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}And{\isadigit{2}}\ p\ T\ {\isacharequal}\ p{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
-{\isacharbar}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}And{\isadigit{2}}\ p\ F\ {\isacharequal}\ F{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
-{\isacharbar}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}And{\isadigit{2}}\ F\ p\ {\isacharequal}\ F{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
-{\isacharbar}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}And{\isadigit{2}}\ X\ X\ {\isacharequal}\ X{\isachardoublequoteclose}%
+\ \ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}And{\isadigit{2}}\ T\ p\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ p{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
+{\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}And{\isadigit{2}}\ p\ T\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ p{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
+{\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}And{\isadigit{2}}\ p\ F\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ F{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
+{\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}And{\isadigit{2}}\ F\ p\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ F{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
+{\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}And{\isadigit{2}}\ X\ X\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ X{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}%
 \isadelimproof
 %
 \endisadelimproof
@@ -761,31 +761,31 @@
   function definition. In this case, they are:
 
   \begin{isabelle}%
-\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isachardot}\ {\isasymAnd}P\ x{\isachardot}\ {\isasymlbrakk}{\isasymAnd}p{\isachardot}\ x\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}T{\isacharcomma}\ p{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ P{\isacharsemicolon}\ {\isasymAnd}p{\isachardot}\ x\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}p{\isacharcomma}\ T{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ P{\isacharsemicolon}\ {\isasymAnd}p{\isachardot}\ x\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}p{\isacharcomma}\ F{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ P{\isacharsemicolon}\isanewline
-\isaindent{\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isachardot}\ {\isasymAnd}P\ x{\isachardot}\ \ }{\isasymAnd}p{\isachardot}\ x\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}F{\isacharcomma}\ p{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ P{\isacharsemicolon}\ x\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}X{\isacharcomma}\ X{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ P{\isasymrbrakk}\isanewline
-\isaindent{\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isachardot}\ {\isasymAnd}P\ x{\isachardot}\ }{\isasymLongrightarrow}\ P\isanewline
-\ {\isadigit{2}}{\isachardot}\ {\isasymAnd}p\ pa{\isachardot}\ {\isacharparenleft}T{\isacharcomma}\ p{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}T{\isacharcomma}\ pa{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ p\ {\isacharequal}\ pa\isanewline
-\ {\isadigit{3}}{\isachardot}\ {\isasymAnd}p\ pa{\isachardot}\ {\isacharparenleft}T{\isacharcomma}\ p{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}pa{\isacharcomma}\ T{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ p\ {\isacharequal}\ pa\isanewline
-\ {\isadigit{4}}{\isachardot}\ {\isasymAnd}p\ pa{\isachardot}\ {\isacharparenleft}T{\isacharcomma}\ p{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}pa{\isacharcomma}\ F{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ p\ {\isacharequal}\ F\isanewline
-\ {\isadigit{5}}{\isachardot}\ {\isasymAnd}p\ pa{\isachardot}\ {\isacharparenleft}T{\isacharcomma}\ p{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}F{\isacharcomma}\ pa{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ p\ {\isacharequal}\ F\isanewline
-\ {\isadigit{6}}{\isachardot}\ {\isasymAnd}p{\isachardot}\ {\isacharparenleft}T{\isacharcomma}\ p{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}X{\isacharcomma}\ X{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ p\ {\isacharequal}\ X\isanewline
-\ {\isadigit{7}}{\isachardot}\ {\isasymAnd}p\ pa{\isachardot}\ {\isacharparenleft}p{\isacharcomma}\ T{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}pa{\isacharcomma}\ T{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ p\ {\isacharequal}\ pa\isanewline
-\ {\isadigit{8}}{\isachardot}\ {\isasymAnd}p\ pa{\isachardot}\ {\isacharparenleft}p{\isacharcomma}\ T{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}pa{\isacharcomma}\ F{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ p\ {\isacharequal}\ F\isanewline
-\ {\isadigit{9}}{\isachardot}\ {\isasymAnd}p\ pa{\isachardot}\ {\isacharparenleft}p{\isacharcomma}\ T{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}F{\isacharcomma}\ pa{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ p\ {\isacharequal}\ F\isanewline
-\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isadigit{0}}{\isachardot}\ {\isasymAnd}p{\isachardot}\ {\isacharparenleft}p{\isacharcomma}\ T{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}X{\isacharcomma}\ X{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ p\ {\isacharequal}\ X%
+\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}P\ x{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C6C6272616B6B3E}{\isasymlbrakk}}{\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}p{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ x\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}T{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ p{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ P{\isaliteral{3B}{\isacharsemicolon}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}p{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ x\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}p{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ T{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ P{\isaliteral{3B}{\isacharsemicolon}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}p{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ x\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}p{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ F{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ P{\isaliteral{3B}{\isacharsemicolon}}\isanewline
+\isaindent{\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}P\ x{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ \ }{\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}p{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ x\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}F{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ p{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ P{\isaliteral{3B}{\isacharsemicolon}}\ x\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}X{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ X{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ P{\isaliteral{5C3C726272616B6B3E}{\isasymrbrakk}}\isanewline
+\isaindent{\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}P\ x{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ }{\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ P\isanewline
+\ {\isadigit{2}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}p\ pa{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}T{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ p{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}T{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ pa{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ p\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ pa\isanewline
+\ {\isadigit{3}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}p\ pa{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}T{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ p{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}pa{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ T{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ p\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ pa\isanewline
+\ {\isadigit{4}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}p\ pa{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}T{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ p{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}pa{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ F{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ p\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ F\isanewline
+\ {\isadigit{5}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}p\ pa{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}T{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ p{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}F{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ pa{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ p\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ F\isanewline
+\ {\isadigit{6}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}p{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}T{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ p{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}X{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ X{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ p\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ X\isanewline
+\ {\isadigit{7}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}p\ pa{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}p{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ T{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}pa{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ T{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ p\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ pa\isanewline
+\ {\isadigit{8}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}p\ pa{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}p{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ T{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}pa{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ F{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ p\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ F\isanewline
+\ {\isadigit{9}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}p\ pa{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}p{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ T{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}F{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ pa{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ p\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ F\isanewline
+\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}p{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}p{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ T{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}X{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ X{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ p\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ X%
 \end{isabelle}\vspace{-1.2em}\hspace{3cm}\vdots\vspace{1.2em}
 
   The first subgoal expresses the completeness of the patterns. It has
   the form of an elimination rule and states that every \isa{x} of
   the function's input type must match at least one of the patterns\footnote{Completeness could
   be equivalently stated as a disjunction of existential statements: 
-\isa{{\isacharparenleft}{\isasymexists}p{\isachardot}\ x\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}T{\isacharcomma}\ p{\isacharparenright}{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymor}\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isasymexists}p{\isachardot}\ x\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}p{\isacharcomma}\ T{\isacharparenright}{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymor}\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isasymexists}p{\isachardot}\ x\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}p{\isacharcomma}\ F{\isacharparenright}{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymor}\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isasymexists}p{\isachardot}\ x\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}F{\isacharcomma}\ p{\isacharparenright}{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymor}\ x\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}X{\isacharcomma}\ X{\isacharparenright}}, and you can use the method \isa{atomize{\isacharunderscore}elim} to get that form instead.}. If the patterns just involve
-  datatypes, we can solve it with the \isa{pat{\isacharunderscore}completeness}
+\isa{{\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}{\isaliteral{5C3C6578697374733E}{\isasymexists}}p{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ x\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}T{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ p{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C6F723E}{\isasymor}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}{\isaliteral{5C3C6578697374733E}{\isasymexists}}p{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ x\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}p{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ T{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C6F723E}{\isasymor}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}{\isaliteral{5C3C6578697374733E}{\isasymexists}}p{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ x\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}p{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ F{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C6F723E}{\isasymor}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}{\isaliteral{5C3C6578697374733E}{\isasymexists}}p{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ x\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}F{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ p{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C6F723E}{\isasymor}}\ x\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}X{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ X{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}}, and you can use the method \isa{atomize{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}elim} to get that form instead.}. If the patterns just involve
+  datatypes, we can solve it with the \isa{pat{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}completeness}
   method:%
 \end{isamarkuptxt}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 \isacommand{apply}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ pat{\isacharunderscore}completeness%
+\ pat{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}completeness%
 \begin{isamarkuptxt}%
 The remaining subgoals express \emph{pattern compatibility}. We do
   allow that an input value matches multiple patterns, but in this
@@ -821,11 +821,11 @@
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 \isacommand{function}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ fib{\isadigit{2}}\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}nat\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ nat{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ fib{\isadigit{2}}\ {\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}nat\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ nat{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 \isakeyword{where}\isanewline
-\ \ {\isachardoublequoteopen}fib{\isadigit{2}}\ {\isadigit{0}}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
-{\isacharbar}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}fib{\isadigit{2}}\ {\isadigit{1}}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
-{\isacharbar}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}fib{\isadigit{2}}\ {\isacharparenleft}n\ {\isacharplus}\ {\isadigit{2}}{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ fib{\isadigit{2}}\ n\ {\isacharplus}\ fib{\isadigit{2}}\ {\isacharparenleft}Suc\ n{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}%
+\ \ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}fib{\isadigit{2}}\ {\isadigit{0}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
+{\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}fib{\isadigit{2}}\ {\isadigit{1}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
+{\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}fib{\isadigit{2}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}n\ {\isaliteral{2B}{\isacharplus}}\ {\isadigit{2}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ fib{\isadigit{2}}\ n\ {\isaliteral{2B}{\isacharplus}}\ fib{\isadigit{2}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}Suc\ n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}%
 \isadelimproof
 %
 \endisadelimproof
@@ -836,21 +836,21 @@
 This kind of matching is again justified by the proof of pattern
   completeness and compatibility. 
   The proof obligation for pattern completeness states that every natural number is
-  either \isa{{\isadigit{0}}}, \isa{{\isadigit{1}}} or \isa{n\ {\isacharplus}\ {\isadigit{2}}}:
+  either \isa{{\isadigit{0}}}, \isa{{\isadigit{1}}} or \isa{n\ {\isaliteral{2B}{\isacharplus}}\ {\isadigit{2}}}:
 
   \begin{isabelle}%
-\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isachardot}\ {\isasymAnd}P\ x{\isachardot}\ {\isasymlbrakk}x\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{0}}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ P{\isacharsemicolon}\ x\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{1}}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ P{\isacharsemicolon}\ {\isasymAnd}n{\isachardot}\ x\ {\isacharequal}\ n\ {\isacharplus}\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ P{\isasymrbrakk}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ P%
+\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}P\ x{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C6C6272616B6B3E}{\isasymlbrakk}}x\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{0}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ P{\isaliteral{3B}{\isacharsemicolon}}\ x\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{1}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ P{\isaliteral{3B}{\isacharsemicolon}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}n{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ x\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ n\ {\isaliteral{2B}{\isacharplus}}\ {\isadigit{2}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ P{\isaliteral{5C3C726272616B6B3E}{\isasymrbrakk}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ P%
 \end{isabelle}
 
   This is an arithmetic triviality, but unfortunately the
   \isa{arith} method cannot handle this specific form of an
-  elimination rule. However, we can use the method \isa{atomize{\isacharunderscore}elim} to do an ad-hoc conversion to a disjunction of
+  elimination rule. However, we can use the method \isa{atomize{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}elim} to do an ad-hoc conversion to a disjunction of
   existentials, which can then be solved by the arithmetic decision procedure.
   Pattern compatibility and termination are automatic as usual.%
 \end{isamarkuptxt}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 \isacommand{apply}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ atomize{\isacharunderscore}elim\isanewline
+\ atomize{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}elim\isanewline
 \isacommand{apply}\isamarkupfalse%
 \ arith\isanewline
 \isacommand{apply}\isamarkupfalse%
@@ -872,7 +872,7 @@
 %
 \isatagproof
 \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ lexicographic{\isacharunderscore}order%
+\ lexicographic{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}order%
 \endisatagproof
 {\isafoldproof}%
 %
@@ -887,10 +887,10 @@
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 \isacommand{function}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ ev\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}nat\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ bool{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ ev\ {\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}nat\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ bool{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 \isakeyword{where}\isanewline
-\ \ {\isachardoublequoteopen}ev\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isadigit{2}}\ {\isacharasterisk}\ n{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ True{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
-{\isacharbar}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}ev\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isadigit{2}}\ {\isacharasterisk}\ n\ {\isacharplus}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ False{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ \ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}ev\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}{\isadigit{2}}\ {\isaliteral{2A}{\isacharasterisk}}\ n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ True{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
+{\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}ev\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}{\isadigit{2}}\ {\isaliteral{2A}{\isacharasterisk}}\ n\ {\isaliteral{2B}{\isacharplus}}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ False{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 %
 \isadelimproof
 %
@@ -898,9 +898,9 @@
 %
 \isatagproof
 \isacommand{apply}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ atomize{\isacharunderscore}elim\isanewline
+\ atomize{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}elim\isanewline
 \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ arith{\isacharplus}%
+\ arith{\isaliteral{2B}{\isacharplus}}%
 \endisatagproof
 {\isafoldproof}%
 %
@@ -916,7 +916,7 @@
 %
 \isatagproof
 \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isacharparenleft}relation\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}{\isacharbraceleft}{\isacharbraceright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}{\isacharparenright}\ simp%
+\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}relation\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}{\isaliteral{7B}{\isacharbraceleft}}{\isaliteral{7D}{\isacharbraceright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ simp%
 \endisatagproof
 {\isafoldproof}%
 %
@@ -950,12 +950,12 @@
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 \isacommand{function}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ gcd\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}nat\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ nat\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ nat{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ gcd\ {\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}nat\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ nat\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ nat{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 \isakeyword{where}\isanewline
-\ \ {\isachardoublequoteopen}gcd\ x\ {\isadigit{0}}\ {\isacharequal}\ x{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
-{\isacharbar}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}gcd\ {\isadigit{0}}\ y\ {\isacharequal}\ y{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
-{\isacharbar}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}x\ {\isacharless}\ y\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ gcd\ {\isacharparenleft}Suc\ x{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharparenleft}Suc\ y{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ gcd\ {\isacharparenleft}Suc\ x{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharparenleft}y\ {\isacharminus}\ x{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
-{\isacharbar}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}{\isasymnot}\ x\ {\isacharless}\ y\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ gcd\ {\isacharparenleft}Suc\ x{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharparenleft}Suc\ y{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ gcd\ {\isacharparenleft}x\ {\isacharminus}\ y{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharparenleft}Suc\ y{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ \ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}gcd\ x\ {\isadigit{0}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ x{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
+{\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}gcd\ {\isadigit{0}}\ y\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ y{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
+{\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}x\ {\isaliteral{3C}{\isacharless}}\ y\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ gcd\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}Suc\ x{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}Suc\ y{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ gcd\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}Suc\ x{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}y\ {\isaliteral{2D}{\isacharminus}}\ x{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
+{\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}{\isaliteral{5C3C6E6F743E}{\isasymnot}}\ x\ {\isaliteral{3C}{\isacharless}}\ y\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ gcd\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}Suc\ x{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}Suc\ y{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ gcd\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}x\ {\isaliteral{2D}{\isacharminus}}\ y{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}Suc\ y{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 %
 \isadelimproof
 %
@@ -963,7 +963,7 @@
 %
 \isatagproof
 \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isacharparenleft}atomize{\isacharunderscore}elim{\isacharcomma}\ auto{\isacharcomma}\ arith{\isacharparenright}%
+\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}atomize{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}elim{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ auto{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ arith{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}%
 \endisatagproof
 {\isafoldproof}%
 %
@@ -979,7 +979,7 @@
 %
 \isatagproof
 \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ lexicographic{\isacharunderscore}order%
+\ lexicographic{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}order%
 \endisatagproof
 {\isafoldproof}%
 %
@@ -1006,10 +1006,10 @@
   following definition:
 
 \end{isamarkuptext}
-\noindent\cmd{fun} \isa{check\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequote}string\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ bool{\isachardoublequote}}\\%
+\noindent\cmd{fun} \isa{check\ {\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequote}}string\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ bool{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequote}}}\\%
 \cmd{where}\\%
-\hspace*{2ex}\isa{{\isachardoublequote}check\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isacharprime}{\isacharprime}good{\isacharprime}{\isacharprime}{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ True{\isachardoublequote}}\\%
-\isa{{\isacharbar}\ {\isachardoublequote}check\ s\ {\isacharequal}\ False{\isachardoublequote}}
+\hspace*{2ex}\isa{{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequote}}check\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}{\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}{\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}good{\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}{\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ True{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequote}}}\\%
+\isa{{\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequote}}check\ s\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ False{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequote}}}
 \begin{isamarkuptext}
 
   \noindent An invocation of the above \cmd{fun} command does not
@@ -1023,10 +1023,10 @@
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 \isacommand{function}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ check\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}string\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ bool{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ check\ {\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}string\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ bool{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 \isakeyword{where}\isanewline
-\ \ {\isachardoublequoteopen}check\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isacharprime}{\isacharprime}good{\isacharprime}{\isacharprime}{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ True{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
-{\isacharbar}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}s\ {\isasymnoteq}\ {\isacharprime}{\isacharprime}good{\isacharprime}{\isacharprime}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ check\ s\ {\isacharequal}\ False{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ \ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}check\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}{\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}{\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}good{\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}{\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ True{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
+{\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}s\ {\isaliteral{5C3C6E6F7465713E}{\isasymnoteq}}\ {\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}{\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}good{\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}{\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ check\ s\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ False{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 %
 \isadelimproof
 %
@@ -1060,9 +1060,9 @@
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 \isacommand{function}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ findzero\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}{\isacharparenleft}nat\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ nat{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ nat\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ nat{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ findzero\ {\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}{\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}nat\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ nat{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ nat\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ nat{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 \isakeyword{where}\isanewline
-\ \ {\isachardoublequoteopen}findzero\ f\ n\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}if\ f\ n\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{0}}\ then\ n\ else\ findzero\ f\ {\isacharparenleft}Suc\ n{\isacharparenright}{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ \ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}findzero\ f\ n\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}if\ f\ n\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{0}}\ then\ n\ else\ findzero\ f\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}Suc\ n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 %
 \isadelimproof
 %
@@ -1070,7 +1070,7 @@
 %
 \isatagproof
 \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ pat{\isacharunderscore}completeness\ auto%
+\ pat{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}completeness\ auto%
 \endisatagproof
 {\isafoldproof}%
 %
@@ -1080,8 +1080,8 @@
 %
 \begin{isamarkuptext}%
 \noindent Clearly, any attempt of a termination proof must fail. And without
-  that, we do not get the usual rules \isa{findzero{\isachardot}simps} and 
-  \isa{findzero{\isachardot}induct}. So what was the definition good for at all?%
+  that, we do not get the usual rules \isa{findzero{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}simps} and 
+  \isa{findzero{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}induct}. So what was the definition good for at all?%
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 %
@@ -1091,7 +1091,7 @@
 %
 \begin{isamarkuptext}%
 The trick is that Isabelle has not only defined the function \isa{findzero}, but also
-  a predicate \isa{findzero{\isacharunderscore}dom} that characterizes the values where the function
+  a predicate \isa{findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}dom} that characterizes the values where the function
   terminates: the \emph{domain} of the function. If we treat a
   partial function just as a total function with an additional domain
   predicate, we can derive simplification and
@@ -1102,25 +1102,25 @@
 %
 \begin{isamarkuptext}%
 \noindent\begin{minipage}{0.79\textwidth}\begin{isabelle}%
-findzero{\isacharunderscore}dom\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isacharquery}f{\isacharcomma}\ {\isacharquery}n{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\isanewline
-findzero\ {\isacharquery}f\ {\isacharquery}n\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}if\ {\isacharquery}f\ {\isacharquery}n\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{0}}\ then\ {\isacharquery}n\ else\ findzero\ {\isacharquery}f\ {\isacharparenleft}Suc\ {\isacharquery}n{\isacharparenright}{\isacharparenright}%
+findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}dom\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}{\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}f{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\isanewline
+findzero\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}f\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}n\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}if\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}f\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}n\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{0}}\ then\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}n\ else\ findzero\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}f\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}Suc\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}%
 \end{isabelle}\end{minipage}
-  \hfill(\isa{findzero{\isachardot}psimps})
+  \hfill(\isa{findzero{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}psimps})
   \vspace{1em}
 
   \noindent\begin{minipage}{0.79\textwidth}\begin{isabelle}%
-{\isasymlbrakk}findzero{\isacharunderscore}dom\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isacharquery}a{\isadigit{0}}{\isachardot}{\isadigit{0}}{\isacharcomma}\ {\isacharquery}a{\isadigit{1}}{\isachardot}{\isadigit{0}}{\isacharparenright}{\isacharsemicolon}\isanewline
-\isaindent{\ }{\isasymAnd}f\ n{\isachardot}\ {\isasymlbrakk}findzero{\isacharunderscore}dom\ {\isacharparenleft}f{\isacharcomma}\ n{\isacharparenright}{\isacharsemicolon}\ f\ n\ {\isasymnoteq}\ {\isadigit{0}}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ {\isacharquery}P\ f\ {\isacharparenleft}Suc\ n{\isacharparenright}{\isasymrbrakk}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ {\isacharquery}P\ f\ n{\isasymrbrakk}\isanewline
-{\isasymLongrightarrow}\ {\isacharquery}P\ {\isacharquery}a{\isadigit{0}}{\isachardot}{\isadigit{0}}\ {\isacharquery}a{\isadigit{1}}{\isachardot}{\isadigit{0}}%
+{\isaliteral{5C3C6C6272616B6B3E}{\isasymlbrakk}}findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}dom\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}{\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}a{\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}{\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}a{\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}{\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{3B}{\isacharsemicolon}}\isanewline
+\isaindent{\ }{\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}f\ n{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C6C6272616B6B3E}{\isasymlbrakk}}findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}dom\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}f{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{3B}{\isacharsemicolon}}\ f\ n\ {\isaliteral{5C3C6E6F7465713E}{\isasymnoteq}}\ {\isadigit{0}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}P\ f\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}Suc\ n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{5C3C726272616B6B3E}{\isasymrbrakk}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}P\ f\ n{\isaliteral{5C3C726272616B6B3E}{\isasymrbrakk}}\isanewline
+{\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}P\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}a{\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}{\isadigit{0}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}a{\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}{\isadigit{0}}%
 \end{isabelle}\end{minipage}
-  \hfill(\isa{findzero{\isachardot}pinduct})%
+  \hfill(\isa{findzero{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}pinduct})%
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 %
 \begin{isamarkuptext}%
 Remember that all we
   are doing here is use some tricks to make a total function appear
-  as if it was partial. We can still write the term \isa{findzero\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isasymlambda}x{\isachardot}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isacharparenright}\ {\isadigit{0}}} and like any other term of type \isa{nat} it is equal
+  as if it was partial. We can still write the term \isa{findzero\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}{\isaliteral{5C3C6C616D6264613E}{\isasymlambda}}x{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isadigit{0}}} and like any other term of type \isa{nat} it is equal
   to some natural number, although we might not be able to find out
   which one. The function is \emph{underdefined}.
 
@@ -1130,7 +1130,7 @@
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 \isacommand{lemma}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ findzero{\isacharunderscore}zero{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}findzero{\isacharunderscore}dom\ {\isacharparenleft}f{\isacharcomma}\ n{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ f\ {\isacharparenleft}findzero\ f\ n{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isachardoublequoteclose}%
+\ findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}zero{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}dom\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}f{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ f\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}findzero\ f\ n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}%
 \isadelimproof
 %
 \endisadelimproof
@@ -1143,23 +1143,23 @@
 \end{isamarkuptxt}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 \isacommand{apply}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isacharparenleft}induct\ f\ n\ rule{\isacharcolon}\ findzero{\isachardot}pinduct{\isacharparenright}%
+\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}induct\ f\ n\ rule{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ findzero{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}pinduct{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}%
 \begin{isamarkuptxt}%
 \noindent This gives the following subgoals:
 
   \begin{isabelle}%
-\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isachardot}\ {\isasymAnd}f\ n{\isachardot}\ {\isasymlbrakk}findzero{\isacharunderscore}dom\ {\isacharparenleft}f{\isacharcomma}\ n{\isacharparenright}{\isacharsemicolon}\ f\ n\ {\isasymnoteq}\ {\isadigit{0}}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ f\ {\isacharparenleft}findzero\ f\ {\isacharparenleft}Suc\ n{\isacharparenright}{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isasymrbrakk}\isanewline
-\isaindent{\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isachardot}\ {\isasymAnd}f\ n{\isachardot}\ }{\isasymLongrightarrow}\ f\ {\isacharparenleft}findzero\ f\ n{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{0}}%
+\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}f\ n{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C6C6272616B6B3E}{\isasymlbrakk}}findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}dom\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}f{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{3B}{\isacharsemicolon}}\ f\ n\ {\isaliteral{5C3C6E6F7465713E}{\isasymnoteq}}\ {\isadigit{0}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ f\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}findzero\ f\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}Suc\ n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{5C3C726272616B6B3E}{\isasymrbrakk}}\isanewline
+\isaindent{\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}f\ n{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ }{\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ f\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}findzero\ f\ n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{0}}%
 \end{isabelle}
 
   \noindent The hypothesis in our lemma was used to satisfy the first premise in
-  the induction rule. However, we also get \isa{findzero{\isacharunderscore}dom\ {\isacharparenleft}f{\isacharcomma}\ n{\isacharparenright}} as a local assumption in the induction step. This
+  the induction rule. However, we also get \isa{findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}dom\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}f{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}} as a local assumption in the induction step. This
   allows unfolding \isa{findzero\ f\ n} using the \isa{psimps}
   rule, and the rest is trivial.%
 \end{isamarkuptxt}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 \isacommand{apply}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isacharparenleft}simp\ add{\isacharcolon}\ findzero{\isachardot}psimps{\isacharparenright}\isanewline
+\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}simp\ add{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ findzero{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}psimps{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\isanewline
 \isacommand{done}\isamarkupfalse%
 %
 \endisatagproof
@@ -1185,7 +1185,7 @@
 \isabellestyle{it}
 \isastyle\isamarkuptrue
 \isacommand{lemma}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}{\isasymlbrakk}findzero{\isacharunderscore}dom\ {\isacharparenleft}f{\isacharcomma}\ n{\isacharparenright}{\isacharsemicolon}\ x\ {\isasymin}\ {\isacharbraceleft}n\ {\isachardot}{\isachardot}{\isacharless}\ findzero\ f\ n{\isacharbraceright}{\isasymrbrakk}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ f\ x\ {\isasymnoteq}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}{\isaliteral{5C3C6C6272616B6B3E}{\isasymlbrakk}}findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}dom\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}f{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{3B}{\isacharsemicolon}}\ x\ {\isaliteral{5C3C696E3E}{\isasymin}}\ {\isaliteral{7B}{\isacharbraceleft}}n\ {\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}{\isaliteral{3C}{\isacharless}}\ findzero\ f\ n{\isaliteral{7D}{\isacharbraceright}}{\isaliteral{5C3C726272616B6B3E}{\isasymrbrakk}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ f\ x\ {\isaliteral{5C3C6E6F7465713E}{\isasymnoteq}}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 %
 \isadelimproof
 %
@@ -1193,55 +1193,55 @@
 %
 \isatagproof
 \isacommand{proof}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isacharparenleft}induct\ rule{\isacharcolon}\ findzero{\isachardot}pinduct{\isacharparenright}\isanewline
+\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}induct\ rule{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ findzero{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}pinduct{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\isanewline
 \ \ \isacommand{fix}\isamarkupfalse%
 \ f\ n\ \isacommand{assume}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ dom{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}findzero{\isacharunderscore}dom\ {\isacharparenleft}f{\isacharcomma}\ n{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
-\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \isakeyword{and}\ IH{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}{\isasymlbrakk}f\ n\ {\isasymnoteq}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isacharsemicolon}\ x\ {\isasymin}\ {\isacharbraceleft}Suc\ n\ {\isachardot}{\isachardot}{\isacharless}\ findzero\ f\ {\isacharparenleft}Suc\ n{\isacharparenright}{\isacharbraceright}{\isasymrbrakk}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ f\ x\ {\isasymnoteq}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
-\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \isakeyword{and}\ x{\isacharunderscore}range{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}x\ {\isasymin}\ {\isacharbraceleft}n\ {\isachardot}{\isachardot}{\isacharless}\ findzero\ f\ n{\isacharbraceright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ dom{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}dom\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}f{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \isakeyword{and}\ IH{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}{\isaliteral{5C3C6C6272616B6B3E}{\isasymlbrakk}}f\ n\ {\isaliteral{5C3C6E6F7465713E}{\isasymnoteq}}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{3B}{\isacharsemicolon}}\ x\ {\isaliteral{5C3C696E3E}{\isasymin}}\ {\isaliteral{7B}{\isacharbraceleft}}Suc\ n\ {\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}{\isaliteral{3C}{\isacharless}}\ findzero\ f\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}Suc\ n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{7D}{\isacharbraceright}}{\isaliteral{5C3C726272616B6B3E}{\isasymrbrakk}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ f\ x\ {\isaliteral{5C3C6E6F7465713E}{\isasymnoteq}}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \isakeyword{and}\ x{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}range{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}x\ {\isaliteral{5C3C696E3E}{\isasymin}}\ {\isaliteral{7B}{\isacharbraceleft}}n\ {\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}{\isaliteral{3C}{\isacharless}}\ findzero\ f\ n{\isaliteral{7D}{\isacharbraceright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 \ \ \isacommand{have}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}f\ n\ {\isasymnoteq}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}f\ n\ {\isaliteral{5C3C6E6F7465713E}{\isasymnoteq}}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 \ \ \isacommand{proof}\isamarkupfalse%
 \ \isanewline
 \ \ \ \ \isacommand{assume}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}f\ n\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}f\ n\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 \ \ \ \ \isacommand{with}\isamarkupfalse%
 \ dom\ \isacommand{have}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}findzero\ f\ n\ {\isacharequal}\ n{\isachardoublequoteclose}\ \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isacharparenleft}simp\ add{\isacharcolon}\ findzero{\isachardot}psimps{\isacharparenright}\isanewline
+\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}findzero\ f\ n\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ n{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\ \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
+\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}simp\ add{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ findzero{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}psimps{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\isanewline
 \ \ \ \ \isacommand{with}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ x{\isacharunderscore}range\ \isacommand{show}\isamarkupfalse%
+\ x{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}range\ \isacommand{show}\isamarkupfalse%
 \ False\ \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
 \ auto\isanewline
 \ \ \isacommand{qed}\isamarkupfalse%
 \isanewline
 \ \ \isanewline
 \ \ \isacommand{from}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ x{\isacharunderscore}range\ \isacommand{have}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}x\ {\isacharequal}\ n\ {\isasymor}\ x\ {\isasymin}\ {\isacharbraceleft}Suc\ n\ {\isachardot}{\isachardot}{\isacharless}\ findzero\ f\ n{\isacharbraceright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\ \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
+\ x{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}range\ \isacommand{have}\isamarkupfalse%
+\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}x\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ n\ {\isaliteral{5C3C6F723E}{\isasymor}}\ x\ {\isaliteral{5C3C696E3E}{\isasymin}}\ {\isaliteral{7B}{\isacharbraceleft}}Suc\ n\ {\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}{\isaliteral{3C}{\isacharless}}\ findzero\ f\ n{\isaliteral{7D}{\isacharbraceright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\ \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
 \ auto\isanewline
 \ \ \isacommand{thus}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}f\ x\ {\isasymnoteq}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}f\ x\ {\isaliteral{5C3C6E6F7465713E}{\isasymnoteq}}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 \ \ \isacommand{proof}\isamarkupfalse%
 \isanewline
 \ \ \ \ \isacommand{assume}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}x\ {\isacharequal}\ n{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}x\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ n{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 \ \ \ \ \isacommand{with}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isacharbackquoteopen}f\ n\ {\isasymnoteq}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isacharbackquoteclose}\ \isacommand{show}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isacharquery}thesis\ \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
+\ {\isaliteral{60}{\isacharbackquoteopen}}f\ n\ {\isaliteral{5C3C6E6F7465713E}{\isasymnoteq}}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{60}{\isacharbackquoteclose}}\ \isacommand{show}\isamarkupfalse%
+\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}thesis\ \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
 \ simp\isanewline
 \ \ \isacommand{next}\isamarkupfalse%
 \isanewline
 \ \ \ \ \isacommand{assume}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}x\ {\isasymin}\ {\isacharbraceleft}Suc\ n\ {\isachardot}{\isachardot}{\isacharless}\ findzero\ f\ n{\isacharbraceright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}x\ {\isaliteral{5C3C696E3E}{\isasymin}}\ {\isaliteral{7B}{\isacharbraceleft}}Suc\ n\ {\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}{\isaliteral{3C}{\isacharless}}\ findzero\ f\ n{\isaliteral{7D}{\isacharbraceright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 \ \ \ \ \isacommand{with}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ dom\ \isakeyword{and}\ {\isacharbackquoteopen}f\ n\ {\isasymnoteq}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isacharbackquoteclose}\ \isacommand{have}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}x\ {\isasymin}\ {\isacharbraceleft}Suc\ n\ {\isachardot}{\isachardot}{\isacharless}\ findzero\ f\ {\isacharparenleft}Suc\ n{\isacharparenright}{\isacharbraceright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\ \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isacharparenleft}simp\ add{\isacharcolon}\ findzero{\isachardot}psimps{\isacharparenright}\isanewline
+\ dom\ \isakeyword{and}\ {\isaliteral{60}{\isacharbackquoteopen}}f\ n\ {\isaliteral{5C3C6E6F7465713E}{\isasymnoteq}}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{60}{\isacharbackquoteclose}}\ \isacommand{have}\isamarkupfalse%
+\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}x\ {\isaliteral{5C3C696E3E}{\isasymin}}\ {\isaliteral{7B}{\isacharbraceleft}}Suc\ n\ {\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}{\isaliteral{3C}{\isacharless}}\ findzero\ f\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}Suc\ n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{7D}{\isacharbraceright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\ \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
+\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}simp\ add{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ findzero{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}psimps{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\isanewline
 \ \ \ \ \isacommand{with}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ IH\ \isakeyword{and}\ {\isacharbackquoteopen}f\ n\ {\isasymnoteq}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isacharbackquoteclose}\isanewline
+\ IH\ \isakeyword{and}\ {\isaliteral{60}{\isacharbackquoteopen}}f\ n\ {\isaliteral{5C3C6E6F7465713E}{\isasymnoteq}}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{60}{\isacharbackquoteclose}}\isanewline
 \ \ \ \ \isacommand{show}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isacharquery}thesis\ \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
+\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}thesis\ \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
 \ simp\isanewline
 \ \ \isacommand{qed}\isamarkupfalse%
 \isanewline
@@ -1269,25 +1269,25 @@
   actually true for some values. Otherwise we would have just proved
   lemmas with \isa{False} as a premise.
 
-  Essentially, we need some introduction rules for \isa{findzero{\isacharunderscore}dom}. The function package can prove such domain
+  Essentially, we need some introduction rules for \isa{findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}dom}. The function package can prove such domain
   introduction rules automatically. But since they are not used very
   often (they are almost never needed if the function is total), this
   functionality is disabled by default for efficiency reasons. So we have to go
-  back and ask for them explicitly by passing the \isa{{\isacharparenleft}domintros{\isacharparenright}} option to the function package:
+  back and ask for them explicitly by passing the \isa{{\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}domintros{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}} option to the function package:
 
 \vspace{1ex}
-\noindent\cmd{function} \isa{{\isacharparenleft}domintros{\isacharparenright}\ findzero\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequote}{\isacharparenleft}nat\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ nat{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ nat\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ nat{\isachardoublequote}}\\%
+\noindent\cmd{function} \isa{{\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}domintros{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ findzero\ {\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequote}}{\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}nat\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ nat{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ nat\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ nat{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequote}}}\\%
 \cmd{where}\isanewline%
 \ \ \ldots\\
 
-  \noindent Now the package has proved an introduction rule for \isa{findzero{\isacharunderscore}dom}:%
+  \noindent Now the package has proved an introduction rule for \isa{findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}dom}:%
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 \isacommand{thm}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ findzero{\isachardot}domintros%
+\ findzero{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}domintros%
 \begin{isamarkuptext}%
 \begin{isabelle}%
-{\isacharparenleft}{\isadigit{0}}\ {\isacharless}\ {\isacharquery}f\ {\isacharquery}n\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ findzero{\isacharunderscore}dom\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isacharquery}f{\isacharcomma}\ Suc\ {\isacharquery}n{\isacharparenright}{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ findzero{\isacharunderscore}dom\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isacharquery}f{\isacharcomma}\ {\isacharquery}n{\isacharparenright}%
+{\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}{\isadigit{0}}\ {\isaliteral{3C}{\isacharless}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}f\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}n\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}dom\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}{\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}f{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ Suc\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}dom\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}{\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}f{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}%
 \end{isabelle}
 
   Domain introduction rules allow to show that a given value lies in the
@@ -1298,10 +1298,10 @@
 
   Since our function increases its argument at recursive calls, we
   need an induction principle which works \qt{backwards}. We will use
-  \isa{inc{\isacharunderscore}induct}, which allows to do induction from a fixed number
+  \isa{inc{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}induct}, which allows to do induction from a fixed number
   \qt{downwards}:
 
-  \begin{center}\isa{{\isasymlbrakk}{\isacharquery}i\ {\isasymle}\ {\isacharquery}j{\isacharsemicolon}\ {\isacharquery}P\ {\isacharquery}j{\isacharsemicolon}\ {\isasymAnd}i{\isachardot}\ {\isasymlbrakk}i\ {\isacharless}\ {\isacharquery}j{\isacharsemicolon}\ {\isacharquery}P\ {\isacharparenleft}Suc\ i{\isacharparenright}{\isasymrbrakk}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ {\isacharquery}P\ i{\isasymrbrakk}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ {\isacharquery}P\ {\isacharquery}i}\hfill(\isa{inc{\isacharunderscore}induct})\end{center}
+  \begin{center}\isa{{\isaliteral{5C3C6C6272616B6B3E}{\isasymlbrakk}}{\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}i\ {\isaliteral{5C3C6C653E}{\isasymle}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}j{\isaliteral{3B}{\isacharsemicolon}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}P\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}j{\isaliteral{3B}{\isacharsemicolon}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}i{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C6C6272616B6B3E}{\isasymlbrakk}}i\ {\isaliteral{3C}{\isacharless}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}j{\isaliteral{3B}{\isacharsemicolon}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}P\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}Suc\ i{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{5C3C726272616B6B3E}{\isasymrbrakk}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}P\ i{\isaliteral{5C3C726272616B6B3E}{\isasymrbrakk}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}P\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}i}\hfill(\isa{inc{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}induct})\end{center}
 
   Figure \ref{findzero_term} gives a detailed Isar proof of the fact
   that \isa{findzero} terminates if there is a zero which is greater
@@ -1318,9 +1318,9 @@
 \isabellestyle{it}
 \isastyle\isamarkuptrue
 \isacommand{lemma}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ findzero{\isacharunderscore}termination{\isacharcolon}\isanewline
-\ \ \isakeyword{assumes}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}x\ {\isasymge}\ n{\isachardoublequoteclose}\ \isakeyword{and}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}f\ x\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
-\ \ \isakeyword{shows}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}findzero{\isacharunderscore}dom\ {\isacharparenleft}f{\isacharcomma}\ n{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}termination{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\isanewline
+\ \ \isakeyword{assumes}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}x\ {\isaliteral{5C3C67653E}{\isasymge}}\ n{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\ \isakeyword{and}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}f\ x\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
+\ \ \isakeyword{shows}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}dom\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}f{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 %
 \isadelimproof
 %
@@ -1328,34 +1328,34 @@
 %
 \isatagproof
 \isacommand{proof}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isacharminus}\ \isanewline
+\ {\isaliteral{2D}{\isacharminus}}\ \isanewline
 \ \ \isacommand{have}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ base{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}findzero{\isacharunderscore}dom\ {\isacharparenleft}f{\isacharcomma}\ x{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ base{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}dom\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}f{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ x{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 \ \ \ \ \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isacharparenleft}rule\ findzero{\isachardot}domintros{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharparenleft}simp\ add{\isacharcolon}{\isacharbackquoteopen}f\ x\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isacharbackquoteclose}{\isacharparenright}\isanewline
+\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}rule\ findzero{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}domintros{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}simp\ add{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}{\isaliteral{60}{\isacharbackquoteopen}}f\ x\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{60}{\isacharbackquoteclose}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\isanewline
 \isanewline
 \ \ \isacommand{have}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ step{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}{\isasymAnd}i{\isachardot}\ findzero{\isacharunderscore}dom\ {\isacharparenleft}f{\isacharcomma}\ Suc\ i{\isacharparenright}\ \isanewline
-\ \ \ \ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ findzero{\isacharunderscore}dom\ {\isacharparenleft}f{\isacharcomma}\ i{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ step{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}{\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}i{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}dom\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}f{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ Suc\ i{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ \isanewline
+\ \ \ \ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}dom\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}f{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ i{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 \ \ \ \ \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isacharparenleft}rule\ findzero{\isachardot}domintros{\isacharparenright}\ simp\isanewline
+\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}rule\ findzero{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}domintros{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ simp\isanewline
 \isanewline
 \ \ \isacommand{from}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isacharbackquoteopen}x\ {\isasymge}\ n{\isacharbackquoteclose}\ \isacommand{show}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isacharquery}thesis\isanewline
+\ {\isaliteral{60}{\isacharbackquoteopen}}x\ {\isaliteral{5C3C67653E}{\isasymge}}\ n{\isaliteral{60}{\isacharbackquoteclose}}\ \isacommand{show}\isamarkupfalse%
+\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}thesis\isanewline
 \ \ \isacommand{proof}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isacharparenleft}induct\ rule{\isacharcolon}inc{\isacharunderscore}induct{\isacharparenright}\isanewline
+\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}induct\ rule{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}inc{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}induct{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\isanewline
 \ \ \ \ \isacommand{show}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}findzero{\isacharunderscore}dom\ {\isacharparenleft}f{\isacharcomma}\ x{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\ \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isacharparenleft}rule\ base{\isacharparenright}\isanewline
+\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}dom\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}f{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ x{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\ \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
+\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}rule\ base{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\isanewline
 \ \ \isacommand{next}\isamarkupfalse%
 \isanewline
 \ \ \ \ \isacommand{fix}\isamarkupfalse%
 \ i\ \isacommand{assume}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}findzero{\isacharunderscore}dom\ {\isacharparenleft}f{\isacharcomma}\ Suc\ i{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}dom\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}f{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ Suc\ i{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 \ \ \ \ \isacommand{thus}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}findzero{\isacharunderscore}dom\ {\isacharparenleft}f{\isacharcomma}\ i{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\ \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isacharparenleft}rule\ step{\isacharparenright}\isanewline
+\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}dom\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}f{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ i{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\ \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
+\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}rule\ step{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\isanewline
 \ \ \isacommand{qed}\isamarkupfalse%
 \isanewline
 \isacommand{qed}\isamarkupfalse%
@@ -1379,10 +1379,10 @@
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 \isacommand{lemma}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ findzero{\isacharunderscore}termination{\isacharunderscore}short{\isacharcolon}\isanewline
-\ \ \isakeyword{assumes}\ zero{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}x\ {\isachargreater}{\isacharequal}\ n{\isachardoublequoteclose}\ \isanewline
-\ \ \isakeyword{assumes}\ {\isacharbrackleft}simp{\isacharbrackright}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}f\ x\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
-\ \ \isakeyword{shows}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}findzero{\isacharunderscore}dom\ {\isacharparenleft}f{\isacharcomma}\ n{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}termination{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}short{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\isanewline
+\ \ \isakeyword{assumes}\ zero{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}x\ {\isaliteral{3E}{\isachargreater}}{\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ n{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\ \isanewline
+\ \ \isakeyword{assumes}\ {\isaliteral{5B}{\isacharbrackleft}}simp{\isaliteral{5D}{\isacharbrackright}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}f\ x\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
+\ \ \isakeyword{shows}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}dom\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}f{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 %
 \isadelimproof
 %
@@ -1392,7 +1392,7 @@
 \isacommand{using}\isamarkupfalse%
 \ zero\isanewline
 \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isacharparenleft}induct\ rule{\isacharcolon}inc{\isacharunderscore}induct{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharparenleft}auto\ intro{\isacharcolon}\ findzero{\isachardot}domintros{\isacharparenright}%
+\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}induct\ rule{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}inc{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}induct{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}auto\ intro{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ findzero{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}domintros{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}%
 \endisatagproof
 {\isafoldproof}%
 %
@@ -1406,8 +1406,8 @@
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 \isacommand{lemma}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ findzero{\isacharunderscore}total{\isacharunderscore}correctness{\isacharcolon}\isanewline
-\ \ {\isachardoublequoteopen}f\ x\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{0}}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ f\ {\isacharparenleft}findzero\ f\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}total{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}correctness{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\isanewline
+\ \ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}f\ x\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{0}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ f\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}findzero\ f\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 %
 \isadelimproof
 %
@@ -1415,7 +1415,7 @@
 %
 \isatagproof
 \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isacharparenleft}blast\ intro{\isacharcolon}\ findzero{\isacharunderscore}zero\ findzero{\isacharunderscore}termination{\isacharparenright}%
+\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}blast\ intro{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}zero\ findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}termination{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}%
 \endisatagproof
 {\isafoldproof}%
 %
@@ -1429,38 +1429,38 @@
 %
 \begin{isamarkuptext}%
 Sometimes it is useful to know what the definition of the domain
-  predicate looks like. Actually, \isa{findzero{\isacharunderscore}dom} is just an
+  predicate looks like. Actually, \isa{findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}dom} is just an
   abbreviation:
 
   \begin{isabelle}%
-findzero{\isacharunderscore}dom\ {\isasymequiv}\ accp\ findzero{\isacharunderscore}rel%
+findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}dom\ {\isaliteral{5C3C65717569763E}{\isasymequiv}}\ accp\ findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}rel%
 \end{isabelle}
 
-  The domain predicate is the \emph{accessible part} of a relation \isa{findzero{\isacharunderscore}rel}, which was also created internally by the function
-  package. \isa{findzero{\isacharunderscore}rel} is just a normal
+  The domain predicate is the \emph{accessible part} of a relation \isa{findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}rel}, which was also created internally by the function
+  package. \isa{findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}rel} is just a normal
   inductive predicate, so we can inspect its definition by
-  looking at the introduction rules \isa{findzero{\isacharunderscore}rel{\isachardot}intros}.
+  looking at the introduction rules \isa{findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}rel{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}intros}.
   In our case there is just a single rule:
 
   \begin{isabelle}%
-{\isacharquery}f\ {\isacharquery}n\ {\isasymnoteq}\ {\isadigit{0}}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ findzero{\isacharunderscore}rel\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isacharquery}f{\isacharcomma}\ Suc\ {\isacharquery}n{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isacharquery}f{\isacharcomma}\ {\isacharquery}n{\isacharparenright}%
+{\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}f\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}n\ {\isaliteral{5C3C6E6F7465713E}{\isasymnoteq}}\ {\isadigit{0}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}rel\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}{\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}f{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ Suc\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}{\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}f{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}%
 \end{isabelle}
 
-  The predicate \isa{findzero{\isacharunderscore}rel}
+  The predicate \isa{findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}rel}
   describes the \emph{recursion relation} of the function
   definition. The recursion relation is a binary relation on
   the arguments of the function that relates each argument to its
   recursive calls. In general, there is one introduction rule for each
   recursive call.
 
-  The predicate \isa{findzero{\isacharunderscore}dom} is the accessible part of
+  The predicate \isa{findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}dom} is the accessible part of
   that relation. An argument belongs to the accessible part, if it can
-  be reached in a finite number of steps (cf.~its definition in \isa{Wellfounded{\isachardot}thy}).
+  be reached in a finite number of steps (cf.~its definition in \isa{Wellfounded{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}thy}).
 
   Since the domain predicate is just an abbreviation, you can use
-  lemmas for \isa{accp} and \isa{findzero{\isacharunderscore}rel} directly. Some
-  lemmas which are occasionally useful are \isa{accpI}, \isa{accp{\isacharunderscore}downward}, and of course the introduction and elimination rules
-  for the recursion relation \isa{findzero{\isachardot}intros} and \isa{findzero{\isachardot}cases}.%
+  lemmas for \isa{accp} and \isa{findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}rel} directly. Some
+  lemmas which are occasionally useful are \isa{accpI}, \isa{accp{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}downward}, and of course the introduction and elimination rules
+  for the recursion relation \isa{findzero{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}intros} and \isa{findzero{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}cases}.%
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 %
@@ -1472,8 +1472,8 @@
 The domain predicate is our trick that allows us to model partiality
   in a world of total functions. The downside of this is that we have
   to carry it around all the time. The termination proof above allowed
-  us to replace the abstract \isa{findzero{\isacharunderscore}dom\ {\isacharparenleft}f{\isacharcomma}\ n{\isacharparenright}} by the more
-  concrete \isa{n\ {\isasymle}\ x\ {\isasymand}\ f\ x\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{0}}}, but the condition is still
+  us to replace the abstract \isa{findzero{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}dom\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}f{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}} by the more
+  concrete \isa{n\ {\isaliteral{5C3C6C653E}{\isasymle}}\ x\ {\isaliteral{5C3C616E643E}{\isasymand}}\ f\ x\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{0}}}, but the condition is still
   there and can only be discharged for special cases.
   In particular, the domain predicate guards the unfolding of our
   function, since it is there as a condition in the \isa{psimp}
@@ -1501,7 +1501,7 @@
   back and add another option to the \cmd{function} command:
 
 \vspace{1ex}
-\noindent\cmd{function} \isa{{\isacharparenleft}domintros{\isacharcomma}\ tailrec{\isacharparenright}\ findzero\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequote}{\isacharparenleft}nat\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ nat{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ nat\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ nat{\isachardoublequote}}\\%
+\noindent\cmd{function} \isa{{\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}domintros{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ tailrec{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ findzero\ {\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequote}}{\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}nat\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ nat{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ nat\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ nat{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequote}}}\\%
 \cmd{where}\isanewline%
 \ \ \ldots\\%
 
@@ -1511,10 +1511,10 @@
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 \isacommand{thm}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ findzero{\isachardot}simps%
+\ findzero{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}simps%
 \begin{isamarkuptext}%
 \begin{isabelle}%
-findzero\ {\isacharquery}f\ {\isacharquery}n\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}if\ {\isacharquery}f\ {\isacharquery}n\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{0}}\ then\ {\isacharquery}n\ else\ findzero\ {\isacharquery}f\ {\isacharparenleft}Suc\ {\isacharquery}n{\isacharparenright}{\isacharparenright}%
+findzero\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}f\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}n\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}if\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}f\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}n\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{0}}\ then\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}n\ else\ findzero\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}f\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}Suc\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}%
 \end{isabelle}
 
   \noindent Of course these would make the simplifier loop, so we better remove
@@ -1522,7 +1522,7 @@
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 \isacommand{declare}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ findzero{\isachardot}simps{\isacharbrackleft}simp\ del{\isacharbrackright}%
+\ findzero{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}simps{\isaliteral{5B}{\isacharbrackleft}}simp\ del{\isaliteral{5D}{\isacharbrackright}}%
 \begin{isamarkuptext}%
 Getting rid of the domain conditions in the simplification rules is
   not only useful because it simplifies proofs. It is also required in
@@ -1549,10 +1549,10 @@
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 \isacommand{function}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ nz\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}nat\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ nat{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ nz\ {\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}nat\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ nat{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 \isakeyword{where}\isanewline
-\ \ {\isachardoublequoteopen}nz\ {\isadigit{0}}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
-{\isacharbar}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}nz\ {\isacharparenleft}Suc\ n{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ nz\ {\isacharparenleft}nz\ n{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ \ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}nz\ {\isadigit{0}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
+{\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}nz\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}Suc\ n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ nz\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}nz\ n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 %
 \isadelimproof
 %
@@ -1560,7 +1560,7 @@
 %
 \isatagproof
 \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ pat{\isacharunderscore}completeness\ auto%
+\ pat{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}completeness\ auto%
 \endisatagproof
 {\isafoldproof}%
 %
@@ -1582,14 +1582,14 @@
 %
 \isatagproof
 \isacommand{apply}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isacharparenleft}relation\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}measure\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isasymlambda}n{\isachardot}\ n{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}{\isacharparenright}\isanewline
+\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}relation\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}measure\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}{\isaliteral{5C3C6C616D6264613E}{\isasymlambda}}n{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\isanewline
 \ \ \isacommand{apply}\isamarkupfalse%
 \ auto%
 \begin{isamarkuptxt}%
 We get stuck with the subgoal
 
   \begin{isabelle}%
-\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isachardot}\ {\isasymAnd}n{\isachardot}\ nz{\isacharunderscore}dom\ n\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ nz\ n\ {\isacharless}\ Suc\ n%
+\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}n{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ nz{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}dom\ n\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ nz\ n\ {\isaliteral{3C}{\isacharless}}\ Suc\ n%
 \end{isabelle}
 
   Of course this statement is true, since we know that \isa{nz} is
@@ -1605,7 +1605,7 @@
 %
 \endisadelimproof
 \isacommand{lemma}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ nz{\isacharunderscore}is{\isacharunderscore}zero{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}nz{\isacharunderscore}dom\ n\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ nz\ n\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ nz{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}is{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}zero{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}nz{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}dom\ n\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ nz\ n\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 %
 \isadelimproof
 \ \ %
@@ -1613,7 +1613,7 @@
 %
 \isatagproof
 \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isacharparenleft}induct\ rule{\isacharcolon}nz{\isachardot}pinduct{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharparenleft}auto\ simp{\isacharcolon}\ nz{\isachardot}psimps{\isacharparenright}%
+\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}induct\ rule{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}nz{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}pinduct{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}auto\ simp{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ nz{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}psimps{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}%
 \endisatagproof
 {\isafoldproof}%
 %
@@ -1623,7 +1623,7 @@
 %
 \begin{isamarkuptext}%
 We formulate this as a partial correctness lemma with the condition
-  \isa{nz{\isacharunderscore}dom\ n}. This allows us to prove it with the \isa{pinduct} rule before we have proved termination. With this lemma,
+  \isa{nz{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}dom\ n}. This allows us to prove it with the \isa{pinduct} rule before we have proved termination. With this lemma,
   the termination proof works as expected:%
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
@@ -1636,7 +1636,7 @@
 %
 \isatagproof
 \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isacharparenleft}relation\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}measure\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isasymlambda}n{\isachardot}\ n{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharparenleft}auto\ simp{\isacharcolon}\ nz{\isacharunderscore}is{\isacharunderscore}zero{\isacharparenright}%
+\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}relation\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}measure\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}{\isaliteral{5C3C6C616D6264613E}{\isasymlambda}}n{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}auto\ simp{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ nz{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}is{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}zero{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}%
 \endisatagproof
 {\isafoldproof}%
 %
@@ -1659,9 +1659,9 @@
 \isabellestyle{it}
 \isastyle\isamarkuptrue
 \isacommand{function}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ f{\isadigit{9}}{\isadigit{1}}\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}nat\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ nat{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ f{\isadigit{9}}{\isadigit{1}}\ {\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}nat\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ nat{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 \isakeyword{where}\isanewline
-\ \ {\isachardoublequoteopen}f{\isadigit{9}}{\isadigit{1}}\ n\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}if\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isadigit{0}}{\isadigit{0}}\ {\isacharless}\ n\ then\ n\ {\isacharminus}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isadigit{0}}\ else\ f{\isadigit{9}}{\isadigit{1}}\ {\isacharparenleft}f{\isadigit{9}}{\isadigit{1}}\ {\isacharparenleft}n\ {\isacharplus}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isadigit{1}}{\isacharparenright}{\isacharparenright}{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ \ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}f{\isadigit{9}}{\isadigit{1}}\ n\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}if\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isadigit{0}}{\isadigit{0}}\ {\isaliteral{3C}{\isacharless}}\ n\ then\ n\ {\isaliteral{2D}{\isacharminus}}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isadigit{0}}\ else\ f{\isadigit{9}}{\isadigit{1}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}f{\isadigit{9}}{\isadigit{1}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}n\ {\isaliteral{2B}{\isacharplus}}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 %
 \isadelimproof
 %
@@ -1669,7 +1669,7 @@
 %
 \isatagproof
 \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ pat{\isacharunderscore}completeness\ auto%
+\ pat{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}completeness\ auto%
 \endisatagproof
 {\isafoldproof}%
 %
@@ -1679,9 +1679,9 @@
 \endisadelimproof
 \isanewline
 \isacommand{lemma}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ f{\isadigit{9}}{\isadigit{1}}{\isacharunderscore}estimate{\isacharcolon}\ \isanewline
-\ \ \isakeyword{assumes}\ trm{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}f{\isadigit{9}}{\isadigit{1}}{\isacharunderscore}dom\ n{\isachardoublequoteclose}\ \isanewline
-\ \ \isakeyword{shows}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}n\ {\isacharless}\ f{\isadigit{9}}{\isadigit{1}}\ n\ {\isacharplus}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isadigit{1}}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ f{\isadigit{9}}{\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}estimate{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ \isanewline
+\ \ \isakeyword{assumes}\ trm{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}f{\isadigit{9}}{\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}dom\ n{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\ \isanewline
+\ \ \isakeyword{shows}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}n\ {\isaliteral{3C}{\isacharless}}\ f{\isadigit{9}}{\isadigit{1}}\ n\ {\isaliteral{2B}{\isacharplus}}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 %
 \isadelimproof
 %
@@ -1690,7 +1690,7 @@
 \isatagproof
 \isacommand{using}\isamarkupfalse%
 \ trm\ \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ induct\ {\isacharparenleft}auto\ simp{\isacharcolon}\ f{\isadigit{9}}{\isadigit{1}}{\isachardot}psimps{\isacharparenright}%
+\ induct\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}auto\ simp{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ f{\isadigit{9}}{\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}psimps{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}%
 \endisatagproof
 {\isafoldproof}%
 %
@@ -1710,37 +1710,37 @@
 \isacommand{proof}\isamarkupfalse%
 \isanewline
 \ \ \isacommand{let}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isacharquery}R\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}measure\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isasymlambda}x{\isachardot}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isadigit{0}}{\isadigit{1}}\ {\isacharminus}\ x{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}R\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}measure\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}{\isaliteral{5C3C6C616D6264613E}{\isasymlambda}}x{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isadigit{0}}{\isadigit{1}}\ {\isaliteral{2D}{\isacharminus}}\ x{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 \ \ \isacommand{show}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}wf\ {\isacharquery}R{\isachardoublequoteclose}\ \isacommand{{\isachardot}{\isachardot}}\isamarkupfalse%
+\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}wf\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}R{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\ \isacommand{{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}}\isamarkupfalse%
 \isanewline
 \isanewline
 \ \ \isacommand{fix}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ n\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ nat\ \isacommand{assume}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}{\isasymnot}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isadigit{0}}{\isadigit{0}}\ {\isacharless}\ n{\isachardoublequoteclose}\ %
+\ n\ {\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ nat\ \isacommand{assume}\isamarkupfalse%
+\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}{\isaliteral{5C3C6E6F743E}{\isasymnot}}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isadigit{0}}{\isadigit{0}}\ {\isaliteral{3C}{\isacharless}}\ n{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\ %
 \isamarkupcmt{Assumptions for both calls%
 }
 \isanewline
 \isanewline
 \ \ \isacommand{thus}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}{\isacharparenleft}n\ {\isacharplus}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isadigit{1}}{\isacharcomma}\ n{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymin}\ {\isacharquery}R{\isachardoublequoteclose}\ \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
+\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}{\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}n\ {\isaliteral{2B}{\isacharplus}}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C696E3E}{\isasymin}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}R{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\ \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
 \ simp\ %
 \isamarkupcmt{Inner call%
 }
 \isanewline
 \isanewline
 \ \ \isacommand{assume}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ inner{\isacharunderscore}trm{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}f{\isadigit{9}}{\isadigit{1}}{\isacharunderscore}dom\ {\isacharparenleft}n\ {\isacharplus}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isadigit{1}}{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\ %
+\ inner{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}trm{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}f{\isadigit{9}}{\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}dom\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}n\ {\isaliteral{2B}{\isacharplus}}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\ %
 \isamarkupcmt{Outer call%
 }
 \isanewline
 \ \ \isacommand{with}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ f{\isadigit{9}}{\isadigit{1}}{\isacharunderscore}estimate\ \isacommand{have}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}n\ {\isacharplus}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isadigit{1}}\ {\isacharless}\ f{\isadigit{9}}{\isadigit{1}}\ {\isacharparenleft}n\ {\isacharplus}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isadigit{1}}{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharplus}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isadigit{1}}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\ \isacommand{{\isachardot}}\isamarkupfalse%
+\ f{\isadigit{9}}{\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}estimate\ \isacommand{have}\isamarkupfalse%
+\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}n\ {\isaliteral{2B}{\isacharplus}}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isadigit{1}}\ {\isaliteral{3C}{\isacharless}}\ f{\isadigit{9}}{\isadigit{1}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}n\ {\isaliteral{2B}{\isacharplus}}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{2B}{\isacharplus}}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\ \isacommand{{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}}\isamarkupfalse%
 \isanewline
 \ \ \isacommand{with}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isacharbackquoteopen}{\isasymnot}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isadigit{0}}{\isadigit{0}}\ {\isacharless}\ n{\isacharbackquoteclose}\ \isacommand{show}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}{\isacharparenleft}f{\isadigit{9}}{\isadigit{1}}\ {\isacharparenleft}n\ {\isacharplus}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isadigit{1}}{\isacharparenright}{\isacharcomma}\ n{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymin}\ {\isacharquery}R{\isachardoublequoteclose}\ \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
+\ {\isaliteral{60}{\isacharbackquoteopen}}{\isaliteral{5C3C6E6F743E}{\isasymnot}}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isadigit{0}}{\isadigit{0}}\ {\isaliteral{3C}{\isacharless}}\ n{\isaliteral{60}{\isacharbackquoteclose}}\ \isacommand{show}\isamarkupfalse%
+\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}{\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}f{\isadigit{9}}{\isadigit{1}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}n\ {\isaliteral{2B}{\isacharplus}}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C696E3E}{\isasymin}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}R{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\ \isacommand{by}\isamarkupfalse%
 \ simp\isanewline
 \isacommand{qed}\isamarkupfalse%
 %
@@ -1768,19 +1768,19 @@
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 \isacommand{datatype}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ {\isacharprime}a\ tree\ {\isacharequal}\ \isanewline
-\ \ Leaf\ {\isacharprime}a\ \isanewline
-{\isacharbar}\ Branch\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}{\isacharprime}a\ tree\ list{\isachardoublequoteclose}%
+\ {\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}a\ tree\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ \isanewline
+\ \ Leaf\ {\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}a\ \isanewline
+{\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ Branch\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}{\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}a\ tree\ list{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}%
 \begin{isamarkuptext}%
 \noindent We can define a function which swaps the left and right subtrees recursively, using the 
   list functions \isa{rev} and \isa{map}:%
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 \isacommand{fun}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ mirror\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}{\isacharprime}a\ tree\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ {\isacharprime}a\ tree{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ mirror\ {\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}{\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}a\ tree\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ {\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}a\ tree{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 \isakeyword{where}\isanewline
-\ \ {\isachardoublequoteopen}mirror\ {\isacharparenleft}Leaf\ n{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ Leaf\ n{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
-{\isacharbar}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}mirror\ {\isacharparenleft}Branch\ l{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ Branch\ {\isacharparenleft}rev\ {\isacharparenleft}map\ mirror\ l{\isacharparenright}{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}%
+\ \ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}mirror\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}Leaf\ n{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ Leaf\ n{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
+{\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}mirror\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}Branch\ l{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ Branch\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}rev\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}map\ mirror\ l{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}%
 \begin{isamarkuptext}%
 Although the definition is accepted without problems, let us look at the termination proof:%
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
@@ -1802,8 +1802,8 @@
   subgoals
 
   \begin{isabelle}%
-\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isachardot}\ wf\ {\isacharquery}R\isanewline
-\ {\isadigit{2}}{\isachardot}\ {\isasymAnd}l\ x{\isachardot}\ x\ {\isasymin}\ set\ l\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ {\isacharparenleft}x{\isacharcomma}\ Branch\ l{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymin}\ {\isacharquery}R%
+\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ wf\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}R\isanewline
+\ {\isadigit{2}}{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}l\ x{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ x\ {\isaliteral{5C3C696E3E}{\isasymin}}\ set\ l\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}x{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}\ Branch\ l{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C696E3E}{\isasymin}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}R%
 \end{isabelle} 
 
   So the system seems to know that \isa{map} only
@@ -1815,7 +1815,7 @@
   rule for \isa{map} is
 
   \begin{isabelle}%
-{\isasymlbrakk}{\isacharquery}xs\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharquery}ys{\isacharsemicolon}\ {\isasymAnd}x{\isachardot}\ x\ {\isasymin}\ set\ {\isacharquery}ys\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ {\isacharquery}f\ x\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharquery}g\ x{\isasymrbrakk}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ map\ {\isacharquery}f\ {\isacharquery}xs\ {\isacharequal}\ map\ {\isacharquery}g\ {\isacharquery}ys%
+{\isaliteral{5C3C6C6272616B6B3E}{\isasymlbrakk}}{\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}xs\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}ys{\isaliteral{3B}{\isacharsemicolon}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C416E643E}{\isasymAnd}}x{\isaliteral{2E}{\isachardot}}\ x\ {\isaliteral{5C3C696E3E}{\isasymin}}\ set\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}ys\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}f\ x\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}g\ x{\isaliteral{5C3C726272616B6B3E}{\isasymrbrakk}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ map\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}f\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}xs\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ map\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}g\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}ys%
 \end{isabelle}
 
   You can read this in the following way: Two applications of \isa{map} are equal, if the list arguments are equal and the functions
@@ -1831,12 +1831,12 @@
   is false:
 
   \begin{isabelle}%
-{\isasymlbrakk}{\isacharquery}b\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharquery}c{\isacharsemicolon}\ {\isacharquery}c\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ {\isacharquery}x\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharquery}u{\isacharsemicolon}\ {\isasymnot}\ {\isacharquery}c\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ {\isacharquery}y\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharquery}v{\isasymrbrakk}\isanewline
-{\isasymLongrightarrow}\ {\isacharparenleft}if\ {\isacharquery}b\ then\ {\isacharquery}x\ else\ {\isacharquery}y{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}if\ {\isacharquery}c\ then\ {\isacharquery}u\ else\ {\isacharquery}v{\isacharparenright}%
+{\isaliteral{5C3C6C6272616B6B3E}{\isasymlbrakk}}{\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}b\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}c{\isaliteral{3B}{\isacharsemicolon}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}c\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}x\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}u{\isaliteral{3B}{\isacharsemicolon}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C6E6F743E}{\isasymnot}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}c\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}y\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}v{\isaliteral{5C3C726272616B6B3E}{\isasymrbrakk}}\isanewline
+{\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}if\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}b\ then\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}x\ else\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}y{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}if\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}c\ then\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}u\ else\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}v{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}%
 \end{isabelle}
   
   Congruence rules can be added to the
-  function package by giving them the \isa{fundef{\isacharunderscore}cong} attribute.
+  function package by giving them the \isa{fundef{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}cong} attribute.
 
   The constructs that are predefined in Isabelle, usually
   come with the respective congruence rules.
@@ -1872,9 +1872,9 @@
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 \isacommand{function}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ f\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}nat\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ bool{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ f\ {\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}nat\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ bool{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 \isakeyword{where}\isanewline
-\ \ {\isachardoublequoteopen}f\ n\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}n\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{0}}\ {\isasymor}\ f\ {\isacharparenleft}n\ {\isacharminus}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isacharparenright}{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}%
+\ \ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}f\ n\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}n\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{0}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C6F723E}{\isasymor}}\ f\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}n\ {\isaliteral{2D}{\isacharminus}}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}%
 \isadelimproof
 %
 \endisadelimproof
@@ -1894,7 +1894,7 @@
   congruence rule that specifies left-to-right evaluation order:
 
   \vspace{1ex}
-  \noindent \isa{{\isasymlbrakk}{\isacharquery}P\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharquery}P{\isacharprime}{\isacharsemicolon}\ {\isasymnot}\ {\isacharquery}P{\isacharprime}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ {\isacharquery}Q\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharquery}Q{\isacharprime}{\isasymrbrakk}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isacharquery}P\ {\isasymor}\ {\isacharquery}Q{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}{\isacharquery}P{\isacharprime}\ {\isasymor}\ {\isacharquery}Q{\isacharprime}{\isacharparenright}}\hfill(\isa{disj{\isacharunderscore}cong})
+  \noindent \isa{{\isaliteral{5C3C6C6272616B6B3E}{\isasymlbrakk}}{\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}P\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}P{\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}{\isaliteral{3B}{\isacharsemicolon}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C6E6F743E}{\isasymnot}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}P{\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}Q\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}Q{\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}{\isaliteral{5C3C726272616B6B3E}{\isasymrbrakk}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}{\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}P\ {\isaliteral{5C3C6F723E}{\isasymor}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}Q{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}{\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}P{\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C6F723E}{\isasymor}}\ {\isaliteral{3F}{\isacharquery}}Q{\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}}\hfill(\isa{disj{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}cong})
   \vspace{1ex}
 
   Now the definition works without problems. Note how the termination
@@ -1907,8 +1907,8 @@
 \end{isamarkuptext}%
 \isamarkuptrue%
 \isacommand{lemma}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ disj{\isacharunderscore}cong{\isadigit{2}}{\isacharbrackleft}fundef{\isacharunderscore}cong{\isacharbrackright}{\isacharcolon}\ \isanewline
-\ \ {\isachardoublequoteopen}{\isacharparenleft}{\isasymnot}\ Q{\isacharprime}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ P\ {\isacharequal}\ P{\isacharprime}{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ {\isacharparenleft}Q\ {\isacharequal}\ Q{\isacharprime}{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymLongrightarrow}\ {\isacharparenleft}P\ {\isasymor}\ Q{\isacharparenright}\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}P{\isacharprime}\ {\isasymor}\ Q{\isacharprime}{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ disj{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}cong{\isadigit{2}}{\isaliteral{5B}{\isacharbrackleft}}fundef{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}cong{\isaliteral{5D}{\isacharbrackright}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ \isanewline
+\ \ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}{\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}{\isaliteral{5C3C6E6F743E}{\isasymnot}}\ Q{\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ P\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ P{\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}Q\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ Q{\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}P\ {\isaliteral{5C3C6F723E}{\isasymor}}\ Q{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}P{\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C6F723E}{\isasymor}}\ Q{\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 %
 \isadelimproof
 \ \ %
@@ -1926,9 +1926,9 @@
 \endisadelimproof
 \isanewline
 \isacommand{fun}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ f{\isacharprime}\ {\isacharcolon}{\isacharcolon}\ {\isachardoublequoteopen}nat\ {\isasymRightarrow}\ bool{\isachardoublequoteclose}\isanewline
+\ f{\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}\ {\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}nat\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ bool{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
 \isakeyword{where}\isanewline
-\ \ {\isachardoublequoteopen}f{\isacharprime}\ n\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isacharparenleft}f{\isacharprime}\ {\isacharparenleft}n\ {\isacharminus}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isacharparenright}\ {\isasymor}\ n\ {\isacharequal}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isacharparenright}{\isachardoublequoteclose}%
+\ \ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}f{\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}\ n\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}f{\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}n\ {\isaliteral{2D}{\isacharminus}}\ {\isadigit{1}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C6F723E}{\isasymor}}\ n\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ {\isadigit{0}}{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}%
 \begin{isamarkuptext}%
 \noindent These examples show that, in general, there is no \qt{best} set of
   congruence rules.