--- a/doc-src/TutorialI/Protocol/document/Message.tex Thu Jul 26 16:08:16 2012 +0200
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,1638 +0,0 @@
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-\begin{isabellebody}%
-\def\isabellecontext{Message}%
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-\isadelimtheory
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-\isamarkupsection{Agents and Messages%
-}
-\isamarkuptrue%
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-\begin{isamarkuptext}%
-All protocol specifications refer to a syntactic theory of messages.
-Datatype
-\isa{agent} introduces the constant \isa{Server} (a trusted central
-machine, needed for some protocols), an infinite population of
-friendly agents, and the~\isa{Spy}:%
-\end{isamarkuptext}%
-\isamarkuptrue%
-\isacommand{datatype}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ agent\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ Server\ {\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ Friend\ nat\ {\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ Spy%
-\begin{isamarkuptext}%
-Keys are just natural numbers. Function \isa{invKey} maps a public key to
-the matching private key, and vice versa:%
-\end{isamarkuptext}%
-\isamarkuptrue%
-\isacommand{type{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}synonym}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ key\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ nat\isanewline
-\isacommand{consts}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ invKey\ {\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}key\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ key{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}%
-\isadelimproof
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-\begin{isamarkuptext}%
-Datatype
-\isa{msg} introduces the message forms, which include agent names, nonces,
-keys, compound messages, and encryptions.%
-\end{isamarkuptext}%
-\isamarkuptrue%
-\isacommand{datatype}\isamarkupfalse%
-\isanewline
-\ \ \ \ \ msg\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ Agent\ \ agent\isanewline
-\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ {\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ Nonce\ \ nat\isanewline
-\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ {\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ Key\ \ \ \ key\isanewline
-\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ {\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ MPair\ \ msg\ msg\isanewline
-\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ {\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ Crypt\ \ key\ msg%
-\begin{isamarkuptext}%
-\noindent
-The notation $\comp{X\sb 1,\ldots X\sb{n-1},X\sb n}$
-abbreviates
-$\isa{MPair}\,X\sb 1\,\ldots\allowbreak(\isa{MPair}\,X\sb{n-1}\,X\sb n)$.
-
-Since datatype constructors are injective, we have the theorem
-\begin{isabelle}%
-Crypt\ K\ X\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ Crypt\ K{\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}\ X{\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ K\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ K{\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C616E643E}{\isasymand}}\ X\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ X{\isaliteral{27}{\isacharprime}}%
-\end{isabelle}
-A ciphertext can be decrypted using only one key and
-can yield only one plaintext. In the real world, decryption with the
-wrong key succeeds but yields garbage. Our model of encryption is
-realistic if encryption adds some redundancy to the plaintext, such as a
-checksum, so that garbage can be detected.%
-\end{isamarkuptext}%
-\isamarkuptrue%
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-\isamarkupsection{Modelling the Adversary%
-}
-\isamarkuptrue%
-%
-\begin{isamarkuptext}%
-The spy is part of the system and must be built into the model. He is
-a malicious user who does not have to follow the protocol. He
-watches the network and uses any keys he knows to decrypt messages.
-Thus he accumulates additional keys and nonces. These he can use to
-compose new messages, which he may send to anybody.
-
-Two functions enable us to formalize this behaviour: \isa{analz} and
-\isa{synth}. Each function maps a sets of messages to another set of
-messages. The set \isa{analz\ H} formalizes what the adversary can learn
-from the set of messages~$H$. The closure properties of this set are
-defined inductively.%
-\end{isamarkuptext}%
-\isamarkuptrue%
-\isacommand{inductive{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}set}\isamarkupfalse%
-\isanewline
-\ \ analz\ {\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}msg\ set\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ msg\ set{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
-\ \ \isakeyword{for}\ H\ {\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}msg\ set{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
-\ \ \isakeyword{where}\isanewline
-\ \ \ \ Inj\ {\isaliteral{5B}{\isacharbrackleft}}intro{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}simp{\isaliteral{5D}{\isacharbrackright}}\ {\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}X\ {\isaliteral{5C3C696E3E}{\isasymin}}\ H\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ X\ {\isaliteral{5C3C696E3E}{\isasymin}}\ analz\ H{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
-\ \ {\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ Fst{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ \ \ \ \ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}{\isaliteral{5C3C6C62726163653E}{\isasymlbrace}}X{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}Y{\isaliteral{5C3C7262726163653E}{\isasymrbrace}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C696E3E}{\isasymin}}\ analz\ H\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ X\ {\isaliteral{5C3C696E3E}{\isasymin}}\ analz\ H{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
-\ \ {\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ Snd{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ \ \ \ \ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}{\isaliteral{5C3C6C62726163653E}{\isasymlbrace}}X{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}Y{\isaliteral{5C3C7262726163653E}{\isasymrbrace}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C696E3E}{\isasymin}}\ analz\ H\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ Y\ {\isaliteral{5C3C696E3E}{\isasymin}}\ analz\ H{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
-\ \ {\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ Decrypt\ {\isaliteral{5B}{\isacharbrackleft}}dest{\isaliteral{5D}{\isacharbrackright}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ \isanewline
-\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}{\isaliteral{5C3C6C6272616B6B3E}{\isasymlbrakk}}Crypt\ K\ X\ {\isaliteral{5C3C696E3E}{\isasymin}}\ analz\ H{\isaliteral{3B}{\isacharsemicolon}}\ Key{\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}invKey\ K{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C696E3E}{\isasymin}}\ analz\ H{\isaliteral{5C3C726272616B6B3E}{\isasymrbrakk}}\isanewline
-\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ X\ {\isaliteral{5C3C696E3E}{\isasymin}}\ analz\ H{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}%
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
-%
-\isatagproof
-%
-\endisatagproof
-{\isafoldproof}%
-%
-\isadelimproof
-%
-\endisadelimproof
-%
-\begin{isamarkuptext}%
-Note the \isa{Decrypt} rule: the spy can decrypt a
-message encrypted with key~$K$ if he has the matching key,~$K^{-1}$.
-Properties proved by rule induction include the following:
-\begin{isabelle}%
-G\ {\isaliteral{5C3C73756273657465713E}{\isasymsubseteq}}\ H\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ analz\ G\ {\isaliteral{5C3C73756273657465713E}{\isasymsubseteq}}\ analz\ H\rulename{analz{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}mono}\par\smallskip%
-analz\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}analz\ H{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ analz\ H\rulename{analz{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}idem}%
-\end{isabelle}
-
-The set of fake messages that an intruder could invent
-starting from~\isa{H} is \isa{synth{\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}analz\ H{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}}, where \isa{synth\ H}
-formalizes what the adversary can build from the set of messages~$H$.%
-\end{isamarkuptext}%
-\isamarkuptrue%
-\isacommand{inductive{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}set}\isamarkupfalse%
-\isanewline
-\ \ synth\ {\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}msg\ set\ {\isaliteral{5C3C52696768746172726F773E}{\isasymRightarrow}}\ msg\ set{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
-\ \ \isakeyword{for}\ H\ {\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}msg\ set{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
-\ \ \isakeyword{where}\isanewline
-\ \ \ \ Inj\ \ \ \ {\isaliteral{5B}{\isacharbrackleft}}intro{\isaliteral{5D}{\isacharbrackright}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}X\ {\isaliteral{5C3C696E3E}{\isasymin}}\ H\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ X\ {\isaliteral{5C3C696E3E}{\isasymin}}\ synth\ H{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
-\ \ {\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ Agent\ \ {\isaliteral{5B}{\isacharbrackleft}}intro{\isaliteral{5D}{\isacharbrackright}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}Agent\ agt\ {\isaliteral{5C3C696E3E}{\isasymin}}\ synth\ H{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
-\ \ {\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ MPair\ \ {\isaliteral{5B}{\isacharbrackleft}}intro{\isaliteral{5D}{\isacharbrackright}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\isanewline
-\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}{\isaliteral{5C3C6C6272616B6B3E}{\isasymlbrakk}}X\ {\isaliteral{5C3C696E3E}{\isasymin}}\ synth\ H{\isaliteral{3B}{\isacharsemicolon}}\ \ Y\ {\isaliteral{5C3C696E3E}{\isasymin}}\ synth\ H{\isaliteral{5C3C726272616B6B3E}{\isasymrbrakk}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C6C62726163653E}{\isasymlbrace}}X{\isaliteral{2C}{\isacharcomma}}Y{\isaliteral{5C3C7262726163653E}{\isasymrbrace}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C696E3E}{\isasymin}}\ synth\ H{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}\isanewline
-\ \ {\isaliteral{7C}{\isacharbar}}\ Crypt\ \ {\isaliteral{5B}{\isacharbrackleft}}intro{\isaliteral{5D}{\isacharbrackright}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\isanewline
-\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}{\isaliteral{5C3C6C6272616B6B3E}{\isasymlbrakk}}X\ {\isaliteral{5C3C696E3E}{\isasymin}}\ synth\ H{\isaliteral{3B}{\isacharsemicolon}}\ \ Key\ K\ {\isaliteral{5C3C696E3E}{\isasymin}}\ H{\isaliteral{5C3C726272616B6B3E}{\isasymrbrakk}}\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ Crypt\ K\ X\ {\isaliteral{5C3C696E3E}{\isasymin}}\ synth\ H{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}%
-\isadelimproof
-%
-\endisadelimproof
-%
-\isatagproof
-%
-\endisatagproof
-{\isafoldproof}%
-%
-\isadelimproof
-%
-\endisadelimproof
-%
-\isadelimproof
-%
-\endisadelimproof
-%
-\isatagproof
-%
-\endisatagproof
-{\isafoldproof}%
-%
-\isadelimproof
-%
-\endisadelimproof
-%
-\isadelimproof
-%
-\endisadelimproof
-%
-\isatagproof
-%
-\endisatagproof
-{\isafoldproof}%
-%
-\isadelimproof
-%
-\endisadelimproof
-%
-\begin{isamarkuptext}%
-The set includes all agent names. Nonces and keys are assumed to be
-unguessable, so none are included beyond those already in~$H$. Two
-elements of \isa{synth\ H} can be combined, and an element can be encrypted
-using a key present in~$H$.
-
-Like \isa{analz}, this set operator is monotone and idempotent. It also
-satisfies an interesting equation involving \isa{analz}:
-\begin{isabelle}%
-analz\ {\isaliteral{28}{\isacharparenleft}}synth\ H{\isaliteral{29}{\isacharparenright}}\ {\isaliteral{3D}{\isacharequal}}\ analz\ H\ {\isaliteral{5C3C756E696F6E3E}{\isasymunion}}\ synth\ H\rulename{analz{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}synth}%
-\end{isabelle}
-Rule inversion plays a major role in reasoning about \isa{synth}, through
-declarations such as this one:%
-\end{isamarkuptext}%
-\isamarkuptrue%
-\isacommand{inductive{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}cases}\isamarkupfalse%
-\ Nonce{\isaliteral{5F}{\isacharunderscore}}synth\ {\isaliteral{5B}{\isacharbrackleft}}elim{\isaliteral{21}{\isacharbang}}{\isaliteral{5D}{\isacharbrackright}}{\isaliteral{3A}{\isacharcolon}}\ {\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteopen}}Nonce\ n\ {\isaliteral{5C3C696E3E}{\isasymin}}\ synth\ H{\isaliteral{22}{\isachardoublequoteclose}}%
-\begin{isamarkuptext}%
-\noindent
-The resulting elimination rule replaces every assumption of the form
-\isa{Nonce\ n\ {\isaliteral{5C3C696E3E}{\isasymin}}\ synth\ H} by \isa{Nonce\ n\ {\isaliteral{5C3C696E3E}{\isasymin}}\ H},
-expressing that a nonce cannot be guessed.
-
-A third operator, \isa{parts}, is useful for stating correctness
-properties. The set
-\isa{parts\ H} consists of the components of elements of~$H$. This set
-includes~\isa{H} and is closed under the projections from a compound
-message to its immediate parts.
-Its definition resembles that of \isa{analz} except in the rule
-corresponding to the constructor \isa{Crypt}:
-\begin{isabelle}%
-\ \ \ \ \ Crypt\ K\ X\ {\isaliteral{5C3C696E3E}{\isasymin}}\ parts\ H\ {\isaliteral{5C3C4C6F6E6772696768746172726F773E}{\isasymLongrightarrow}}\ X\ {\isaliteral{5C3C696E3E}{\isasymin}}\ parts\ H%
-\end{isabelle}
-The body of an encrypted message is always regarded as part of it. We can
-use \isa{parts} to express general well-formedness properties of a protocol,
-for example, that an uncompromised agent's private key will never be
-included as a component of any message.%
-\end{isamarkuptext}%
-\isamarkuptrue%
-%
-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isatagproof
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-\endisatagproof
-{\isafoldproof}%
-%
-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isatagproof
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-\endisatagproof
-{\isafoldproof}%
-%
-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isatagproof
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-\endisatagproof
-{\isafoldproof}%
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isatagproof
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-\endisatagproof
-{\isafoldproof}%
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isatagproof
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-\endisatagproof
-{\isafoldproof}%
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isatagproof
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-\endisatagproof
-{\isafoldproof}%
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isatagproof
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-\endisatagproof
-{\isafoldproof}%
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isatagproof
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-\endisatagproof
-{\isafoldproof}%
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isatagproof
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-\endisatagproof
-{\isafoldproof}%
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isatagproof
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-\endisatagproof
-{\isafoldproof}%
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isatagproof
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-\endisatagproof
-{\isafoldproof}%
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isatagproof
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-\endisatagproof
-{\isafoldproof}%
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isatagproof
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-\endisatagproof
-{\isafoldproof}%
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isatagproof
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-\endisatagproof
-{\isafoldproof}%
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isatagproof
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-\endisatagproof
-{\isafoldproof}%
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isatagproof
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-\endisatagproof
-{\isafoldproof}%
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isatagproof
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-\endisatagproof
-{\isafoldproof}%
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isatagproof
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-\endisatagproof
-{\isafoldproof}%
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isatagproof
-%
-\endisatagproof
-{\isafoldproof}%
-%
-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isadelimproof
-%
-\endisadelimproof
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-\isatagproof
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-\endisatagproof
-{\isafoldproof}%
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isatagproof
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-\endisatagproof
-{\isafoldproof}%
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isatagproof
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-\endisatagproof
-{\isafoldproof}%
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isatagproof
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-\endisatagproof
-{\isafoldproof}%
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
-%
-\isadelimML
-%
-\endisadelimML
-%
-\isatagML
-%
-\endisatagML
-{\isafoldML}%
-%
-\isadelimML
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-\endisadelimML
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isatagproof
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-\endisatagproof
-{\isafoldproof}%
-%
-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isatagproof
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-\endisatagproof
-{\isafoldproof}%
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isatagproof
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-\endisatagproof
-{\isafoldproof}%
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isatagproof
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-\endisatagproof
-{\isafoldproof}%
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isatagproof
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-\endisatagproof
-{\isafoldproof}%
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isatagproof
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-\endisatagproof
-{\isafoldproof}%
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-\isadelimproof
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-\endisadelimproof
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-\isadelimML
-%
-\endisadelimML
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-\isatagML
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-\endisatagML
-{\isafoldML}%
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-\isadelimML
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-\endisadelimML
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-\isadelimtheory
-%
-\endisadelimtheory
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-\isatagtheory
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-\endisatagtheory
-{\isafoldtheory}%
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-\isadelimtheory
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-\endisadelimtheory
-\end{isabellebody}%
-%%% Local Variables:
-%%% mode: latex
-%%% TeX-master: "root"
-%%% End: