--- a/src/HOL/Real/Rational.thy Thu Feb 02 18:04:10 2006 +0100
+++ b/src/HOL/Real/Rational.thy Thu Feb 02 19:57:13 2006 +0100
@@ -6,212 +6,120 @@
header {* Rational numbers *}
theory Rational
-imports Quotient
+imports Main
uses ("rat_arith.ML")
begin
-subsection {* Fractions *}
-
-subsubsection {* The type of fractions *}
-
-typedef fraction = "{(a, b) :: int \<times> int | a b. b \<noteq> 0}"
-proof
- show "(0, 1) \<in> ?fraction" by simp
-qed
-
-constdefs
- fract :: "int => int => fraction"
- "fract a b == Abs_fraction (a, b)"
- num :: "fraction => int"
- "num Q == fst (Rep_fraction Q)"
- den :: "fraction => int"
- "den Q == snd (Rep_fraction Q)"
-
-lemma fract_num [simp]: "b \<noteq> 0 ==> num (fract a b) = a"
- by (simp add: fract_def num_def fraction_def Abs_fraction_inverse)
-
-lemma fract_den [simp]: "b \<noteq> 0 ==> den (fract a b) = b"
- by (simp add: fract_def den_def fraction_def Abs_fraction_inverse)
-
-lemma fraction_cases [case_names fract, cases type: fraction]:
- "(!!a b. Q = fract a b ==> b \<noteq> 0 ==> C) ==> C"
-proof -
- assume r: "!!a b. Q = fract a b ==> b \<noteq> 0 ==> C"
- obtain a b where "Q = fract a b" and "b \<noteq> 0"
- by (cases Q) (auto simp add: fract_def fraction_def)
- thus C by (rule r)
-qed
-
-lemma fraction_induct [case_names fract, induct type: fraction]:
- "(!!a b. b \<noteq> 0 ==> P (fract a b)) ==> P Q"
- by (cases Q) simp
-
+subsection {* Rational numbers *}
subsubsection {* Equivalence of fractions *}
-instance fraction :: eqv ..
+constdefs
+ fraction :: "(int \<times> int) set"
+ "fraction \<equiv> {x. snd x \<noteq> 0}"
+
+ ratrel :: "((int \<times> int) \<times> (int \<times> int)) set"
+ "ratrel \<equiv> {(x,y). snd x \<noteq> 0 \<and> snd y \<noteq> 0 \<and> fst x * snd y = fst y * snd x}"
-defs (overloaded)
- equiv_fraction_def: "Q \<sim> R == num Q * den R = num R * den Q"
+lemma fraction_iff [simp]: "(x \<in> fraction) = (snd x \<noteq> 0)"
+by (simp add: fraction_def)
-lemma equiv_fraction_iff [iff]:
- "b \<noteq> 0 ==> b' \<noteq> 0 ==> (fract a b \<sim> fract a' b') = (a * b' = a' * b)"
- by (simp add: equiv_fraction_def)
+lemma ratrel_iff [simp]:
+ "((x,y) \<in> ratrel) =
+ (snd x \<noteq> 0 \<and> snd y \<noteq> 0 \<and> fst x * snd y = fst y * snd x)"
+by (simp add: ratrel_def)
-instance fraction :: equiv
-proof
- fix Q R S :: fraction
- {
- show "Q \<sim> Q"
- proof (induct Q)
- fix a b :: int
- assume "b \<noteq> 0" and "b \<noteq> 0"
- with refl show "fract a b \<sim> fract a b" ..
- qed
- next
- assume "Q \<sim> R" and "R \<sim> S"
- show "Q \<sim> S"
- proof (insert prems, induct Q, induct R, induct S)
- fix a b a' b' a'' b'' :: int
- assume b: "b \<noteq> 0" and b': "b' \<noteq> 0" and b'': "b'' \<noteq> 0"
- assume "fract a b \<sim> fract a' b'" hence eq1: "a * b' = a' * b" ..
- assume "fract a' b' \<sim> fract a'' b''" hence eq2: "a' * b'' = a'' * b'" ..
- have "a * b'' = a'' * b"
- proof cases
- assume "a' = 0"
- with b' eq1 eq2 have "a = 0 \<and> a'' = 0" by auto
- thus ?thesis by simp
- next
- assume a': "a' \<noteq> 0"
- from eq1 eq2 have "(a * b') * (a' * b'') = (a' * b) * (a'' * b')" by simp
- hence "(a * b'') * (a' * b') = (a'' * b) * (a' * b')" by (simp only: mult_ac)
- with a' b' show ?thesis by simp
- qed
- thus "fract a b \<sim> fract a'' b''" ..
- qed
- next
- show "Q \<sim> R ==> R \<sim> Q"
- proof (induct Q, induct R)
- fix a b a' b' :: int
- assume b: "b \<noteq> 0" and b': "b' \<noteq> 0"
- assume "fract a b \<sim> fract a' b'"
- hence "a * b' = a' * b" ..
- hence "a' * b = a * b'" ..
- thus "fract a' b' \<sim> fract a b" ..
- qed
- }
+lemma refl_ratrel: "refl fraction ratrel"
+by (auto simp add: refl_def fraction_def ratrel_def)
+
+lemma sym_ratrel: "sym ratrel"
+by (simp add: ratrel_def sym_def)
+
+lemma trans_ratrel_lemma:
+ assumes 1: "a * b' = a' * b"
+ assumes 2: "a' * b'' = a'' * b'"
+ assumes 3: "b' \<noteq> (0::int)"
+ shows "a * b'' = a'' * b"
+proof -
+ have "b' * (a * b'') = b'' * (a * b')" by simp
+ also note 1
+ also have "b'' * (a' * b) = b * (a' * b'')" by simp
+ also note 2
+ also have "b * (a'' * b') = b' * (a'' * b)" by simp
+ finally have "b' * (a * b'') = b' * (a'' * b)" .
+ with 3 show "a * b'' = a'' * b" by simp
qed
-lemma eq_fraction_iff [iff]:
- "b \<noteq> 0 ==> b' \<noteq> 0 ==> (\<lfloor>fract a b\<rfloor> = \<lfloor>fract a' b'\<rfloor>) = (a * b' = a' * b)"
- by (simp add: equiv_fraction_iff quot_equality)
+lemma trans_ratrel: "trans ratrel"
+by (auto simp add: trans_def elim: trans_ratrel_lemma)
+
+lemma equiv_ratrel: "equiv fraction ratrel"
+by (rule equiv.intro [OF refl_ratrel sym_ratrel trans_ratrel])
+
+lemmas equiv_ratrel_iff [iff] = eq_equiv_class_iff [OF equiv_ratrel]
+
+lemma equiv_ratrel_iff2:
+ "\<lbrakk>snd x \<noteq> 0; snd y \<noteq> 0\<rbrakk>
+ \<Longrightarrow> (ratrel `` {x} = ratrel `` {y}) = ((x,y) \<in> ratrel)"
+by (rule eq_equiv_class_iff [OF equiv_ratrel], simp_all)
-subsubsection {* Operations on fractions *}
-
-text {*
- We define the basic arithmetic operations on fractions and
- demonstrate their ``well-definedness'', i.e.\ congruence with respect
- to equivalence of fractions.
-*}
-
-instance fraction :: "{zero, one, plus, minus, times, inverse, ord}" ..
-
-defs (overloaded)
- zero_fraction_def: "0 == fract 0 1"
- one_fraction_def: "1 == fract 1 1"
- add_fraction_def: "Q + R ==
- fract (num Q * den R + num R * den Q) (den Q * den R)"
- minus_fraction_def: "-Q == fract (-(num Q)) (den Q)"
- mult_fraction_def: "Q * R == fract (num Q * num R) (den Q * den R)"
- inverse_fraction_def: "inverse Q == fract (den Q) (num Q)"
- le_fraction_def: "Q \<le> R ==
- (num Q * den R) * (den Q * den R) \<le> (num R * den Q) * (den Q * den R)"
-
-lemma is_zero_fraction_iff: "b \<noteq> 0 ==> (\<lfloor>fract a b\<rfloor> = \<lfloor>0\<rfloor>) = (a = 0)"
- by (simp add: zero_fraction_def eq_fraction_iff)
+subsubsection {* The type of rational numbers *}
-theorem add_fraction_cong:
- "\<lfloor>fract a b\<rfloor> = \<lfloor>fract a' b'\<rfloor> ==> \<lfloor>fract c d\<rfloor> = \<lfloor>fract c' d'\<rfloor>
- ==> b \<noteq> 0 ==> b' \<noteq> 0 ==> d \<noteq> 0 ==> d' \<noteq> 0
- ==> \<lfloor>fract a b + fract c d\<rfloor> = \<lfloor>fract a' b' + fract c' d'\<rfloor>"
-proof -
- assume neq: "b \<noteq> 0" "b' \<noteq> 0" "d \<noteq> 0" "d' \<noteq> 0"
- assume "\<lfloor>fract a b\<rfloor> = \<lfloor>fract a' b'\<rfloor>" hence eq1: "a * b' = a' * b" ..
- assume "\<lfloor>fract c d\<rfloor> = \<lfloor>fract c' d'\<rfloor>" hence eq2: "c * d' = c' * d" ..
- have "\<lfloor>fract (a * d + c * b) (b * d)\<rfloor> = \<lfloor>fract (a' * d' + c' * b') (b' * d')\<rfloor>"
- proof
- show "(a * d + c * b) * (b' * d') = (a' * d' + c' * b') * (b * d)"
- (is "?lhs = ?rhs")
- proof -
- have "?lhs = (a * b') * (d * d') + (c * d') * (b * b')"
- by (simp add: int_distrib mult_ac)
- also have "... = (a' * b) * (d * d') + (c' * d) * (b * b')"
- by (simp only: eq1 eq2)
- also have "... = ?rhs"
- by (simp add: int_distrib mult_ac)
- finally show "?lhs = ?rhs" .
- qed
- from neq show "b * d \<noteq> 0" by simp
- from neq show "b' * d' \<noteq> 0" by simp
- qed
- with neq show ?thesis by (simp add: add_fraction_def)
+typedef (Rat) rat = "fraction//ratrel"
+proof
+ have "(0,1) \<in> fraction" by (simp add: fraction_def)
+ thus "ratrel``{(0,1)} \<in> fraction//ratrel" by (rule quotientI)
qed
-theorem minus_fraction_cong:
- "\<lfloor>fract a b\<rfloor> = \<lfloor>fract a' b'\<rfloor> ==> b \<noteq> 0 ==> b' \<noteq> 0
- ==> \<lfloor>-(fract a b)\<rfloor> = \<lfloor>-(fract a' b')\<rfloor>"
-proof -
- assume neq: "b \<noteq> 0" "b' \<noteq> 0"
- assume "\<lfloor>fract a b\<rfloor> = \<lfloor>fract a' b'\<rfloor>"
- hence "a * b' = a' * b" ..
- hence "-a * b' = -a' * b" by simp
- hence "\<lfloor>fract (-a) b\<rfloor> = \<lfloor>fract (-a') b'\<rfloor>" ..
- with neq show ?thesis by (simp add: minus_fraction_def)
-qed
+lemma ratrel_in_Rat [simp]: "snd x \<noteq> 0 \<Longrightarrow> ratrel``{x} \<in> Rat"
+by (simp add: Rat_def quotientI)
+
+declare Abs_Rat_inject [simp] Abs_Rat_inverse [simp]
+
+
+constdefs
+ Fract :: "int \<Rightarrow> int \<Rightarrow> rat"
+ "Fract a b \<equiv> Abs_Rat (ratrel``{(a,b)})"
+
+theorem Rat_cases [case_names Fract, cases type: rat]:
+ "(!!a b. q = Fract a b ==> b \<noteq> 0 ==> C) ==> C"
+by (cases q, clarsimp simp add: Fract_def Rat_def fraction_def quotient_def)
+
+theorem Rat_induct [case_names Fract, induct type: rat]:
+ "(!!a b. b \<noteq> 0 ==> P (Fract a b)) ==> P q"
+ by (cases q) simp
+
+
+subsubsection {* Congruence lemmas *}
-theorem mult_fraction_cong:
- "\<lfloor>fract a b\<rfloor> = \<lfloor>fract a' b'\<rfloor> ==> \<lfloor>fract c d\<rfloor> = \<lfloor>fract c' d'\<rfloor>
- ==> b \<noteq> 0 ==> b' \<noteq> 0 ==> d \<noteq> 0 ==> d' \<noteq> 0
- ==> \<lfloor>fract a b * fract c d\<rfloor> = \<lfloor>fract a' b' * fract c' d'\<rfloor>"
-proof -
+lemma add_congruent2:
+ "(\<lambda>x y. ratrel``{(fst x * snd y + fst y * snd x, snd x * snd y)})
+ respects2 ratrel"
+apply (rule equiv_ratrel [THEN congruent2_commuteI])
+apply (simp_all add: left_distrib)
+done
+
+lemma minus_congruent:
+ "(\<lambda>x. ratrel``{(- fst x, snd x)}) respects ratrel"
+by (simp add: congruent_def)
+
+lemma mult_congruent2:
+ "(\<lambda>x y. ratrel``{(fst x * fst y, snd x * snd y)}) respects2 ratrel"
+by (rule equiv_ratrel [THEN congruent2_commuteI], simp_all)
+
+lemma inverse_congruent:
+ "(\<lambda>x. ratrel``{if fst x=0 then (0,1) else (snd x, fst x)}) respects ratrel"
+by (auto simp add: congruent_def mult_commute)
+
+lemma le_congruent2:
+ "(\<lambda>x y. (fst x * snd y)*(snd x * snd y) \<le> (fst y * snd x)*(snd x * snd y))
+ respects2 ratrel"
+proof (clarsimp simp add: congruent2_def)
+ fix a b a' b' c d c' d'::int
assume neq: "b \<noteq> 0" "b' \<noteq> 0" "d \<noteq> 0" "d' \<noteq> 0"
- assume "\<lfloor>fract a b\<rfloor> = \<lfloor>fract a' b'\<rfloor>" hence eq1: "a * b' = a' * b" ..
- assume "\<lfloor>fract c d\<rfloor> = \<lfloor>fract c' d'\<rfloor>" hence eq2: "c * d' = c' * d" ..
- have "\<lfloor>fract (a * c) (b * d)\<rfloor> = \<lfloor>fract (a' * c') (b' * d')\<rfloor>"
- proof
- from eq1 eq2 have "(a * b') * (c * d') = (a' * b) * (c' * d)" by simp
- thus "(a * c) * (b' * d') = (a' * c') * (b * d)" by (simp add: mult_ac)
- from neq show "b * d \<noteq> 0" by simp
- from neq show "b' * d' \<noteq> 0" by simp
- qed
- with neq show "\<lfloor>fract a b * fract c d\<rfloor> = \<lfloor>fract a' b' * fract c' d'\<rfloor>"
- by (simp add: mult_fraction_def)
-qed
-
-theorem inverse_fraction_cong:
- "\<lfloor>fract a b\<rfloor> = \<lfloor>fract a' b'\<rfloor> ==> \<lfloor>fract a b\<rfloor> \<noteq> \<lfloor>0\<rfloor> ==> \<lfloor>fract a' b'\<rfloor> \<noteq> \<lfloor>0\<rfloor>
- ==> b \<noteq> 0 ==> b' \<noteq> 0
- ==> \<lfloor>inverse (fract a b)\<rfloor> = \<lfloor>inverse (fract a' b')\<rfloor>"
-proof -
- assume neq: "b \<noteq> 0" "b' \<noteq> 0"
- assume "\<lfloor>fract a b\<rfloor> \<noteq> \<lfloor>0\<rfloor>" and "\<lfloor>fract a' b'\<rfloor> \<noteq> \<lfloor>0\<rfloor>"
- with neq obtain "a \<noteq> 0" and "a' \<noteq> 0" by (simp add: is_zero_fraction_iff)
- assume "\<lfloor>fract a b\<rfloor> = \<lfloor>fract a' b'\<rfloor>"
- hence "a * b' = a' * b" ..
- hence "b * a' = b' * a" by (simp only: mult_ac)
- hence "\<lfloor>fract b a\<rfloor> = \<lfloor>fract b' a'\<rfloor>" ..
- with neq show ?thesis by (simp add: inverse_fraction_def)
-qed
-
-theorem le_fraction_cong:
- "\<lfloor>fract a b\<rfloor> = \<lfloor>fract a' b'\<rfloor> ==> \<lfloor>fract c d\<rfloor> = \<lfloor>fract c' d'\<rfloor>
- ==> b \<noteq> 0 ==> b' \<noteq> 0 ==> d \<noteq> 0 ==> d' \<noteq> 0
- ==> (fract a b \<le> fract c d) = (fract a' b' \<le> fract c' d')"
-proof -
- assume neq: "b \<noteq> 0" "b' \<noteq> 0" "d \<noteq> 0" "d' \<noteq> 0"
- assume "\<lfloor>fract a b\<rfloor> = \<lfloor>fract a' b'\<rfloor>" hence eq1: "a * b' = a' * b" ..
- assume "\<lfloor>fract c d\<rfloor> = \<lfloor>fract c' d'\<rfloor>" hence eq2: "c * d' = c' * d" ..
+ assume eq1: "a * b' = a' * b"
+ assume eq2: "c * d' = c' * d"
let ?le = "\<lambda>a b c d. ((a * d) * (b * d) \<le> (c * b) * (b * d))"
{
@@ -241,215 +149,120 @@
by (simp add: mult_ac)
also from D have "... = ?le a' b' c' d'"
by (rule le_factor [symmetric])
- finally have "?le a b c d = ?le a' b' c' d'" .
- with neq show ?thesis by (simp add: le_fraction_def)
+ finally show "?le a b c d = ?le a' b' c' d'" .
qed
-
-subsection {* Rational numbers *}
-
-subsubsection {* The type of rational numbers *}
-
-typedef (Rat)
- rat = "UNIV :: fraction quot set" ..
-
-lemma RatI [intro, simp]: "Q \<in> Rat"
- by (simp add: Rat_def)
-
-constdefs
- fraction_of :: "rat => fraction"
- "fraction_of q == pick (Rep_Rat q)"
- rat_of :: "fraction => rat"
- "rat_of Q == Abs_Rat \<lfloor>Q\<rfloor>"
-
-theorem rat_of_equality [iff?]: "(rat_of Q = rat_of Q') = (\<lfloor>Q\<rfloor> = \<lfloor>Q'\<rfloor>)"
- by (simp add: rat_of_def Abs_Rat_inject)
-
-lemma rat_of: "\<lfloor>Q\<rfloor> = \<lfloor>Q'\<rfloor> ==> rat_of Q = rat_of Q'" ..
-
-constdefs
- Fract :: "int => int => rat"
- "Fract a b == rat_of (fract a b)"
-
-theorem Fract_inverse: "\<lfloor>fraction_of (Fract a b)\<rfloor> = \<lfloor>fract a b\<rfloor>"
- by (simp add: fraction_of_def rat_of_def Fract_def Abs_Rat_inverse pick_inverse)
-
-theorem Fract_equality [iff?]:
- "(Fract a b = Fract c d) = (\<lfloor>fract a b\<rfloor> = \<lfloor>fract c d\<rfloor>)"
- by (simp add: Fract_def rat_of_equality)
-
-theorem eq_rat:
- "b \<noteq> 0 ==> d \<noteq> 0 ==> (Fract a b = Fract c d) = (a * d = c * b)"
- by (simp add: Fract_equality eq_fraction_iff)
+lemma All_equiv_class:
+ "equiv A r ==> f respects r ==> a \<in> A
+ ==> (\<forall>x \<in> r``{a}. f x) = f a"
+apply safe
+apply (drule (1) equiv_class_self)
+apply simp
+apply (drule (1) congruent.congruent)
+apply simp
+done
-theorem Rat_cases [case_names Fract, cases type: rat]:
- "(!!a b. q = Fract a b ==> b \<noteq> 0 ==> C) ==> C"
-proof -
- assume r: "!!a b. q = Fract a b ==> b \<noteq> 0 ==> C"
- obtain x where "q = Abs_Rat x" by (cases q)
- moreover obtain Q where "x = \<lfloor>Q\<rfloor>" by (cases x)
- moreover obtain a b where "Q = fract a b" and "b \<noteq> 0" by (cases Q)
- ultimately have "q = Fract a b" by (simp only: Fract_def rat_of_def)
- thus ?thesis by (rule r)
-qed
-
-theorem Rat_induct [case_names Fract, induct type: rat]:
- "(!!a b. b \<noteq> 0 ==> P (Fract a b)) ==> P q"
- by (cases q) simp
-
-
-subsubsection {* Canonical function definitions *}
-
-text {*
- Note that the unconditional version below is much easier to read.
-*}
+lemma congruent2_implies_congruent_All:
+ "equiv A1 r1 ==> equiv A2 r2 ==> congruent2 r1 r2 f ==> a \<in> A2 ==>
+ congruent r1 (\<lambda>x1. \<forall>x2 \<in> r2``{a}. f x1 x2)"
+ apply (unfold congruent_def)
+ apply clarify
+ apply (rule equiv_type [THEN subsetD, THEN SigmaE2], assumption+)
+ apply (simp add: UN_equiv_class congruent2_implies_congruent)
+ apply (unfold congruent2_def equiv_def refl_def)
+ apply (blast del: equalityI)
+ done
-theorem rat_cond_function:
- "(!!q r. P \<lfloor>fraction_of q\<rfloor> \<lfloor>fraction_of r\<rfloor> ==>
- f q r == g (fraction_of q) (fraction_of r)) ==>
- (!!a b a' b' c d c' d'.
- \<lfloor>fract a b\<rfloor> = \<lfloor>fract a' b'\<rfloor> ==> \<lfloor>fract c d\<rfloor> = \<lfloor>fract c' d'\<rfloor> ==>
- P \<lfloor>fract a b\<rfloor> \<lfloor>fract c d\<rfloor> ==> P \<lfloor>fract a' b'\<rfloor> \<lfloor>fract c' d'\<rfloor> ==>
- b \<noteq> 0 ==> b' \<noteq> 0 ==> d \<noteq> 0 ==> d' \<noteq> 0 ==>
- g (fract a b) (fract c d) = g (fract a' b') (fract c' d')) ==>
- P \<lfloor>fract a b\<rfloor> \<lfloor>fract c d\<rfloor> ==>
- f (Fract a b) (Fract c d) = g (fract a b) (fract c d)"
- (is "PROP ?eq ==> PROP ?cong ==> ?P ==> _")
-proof -
- assume eq: "PROP ?eq" and cong: "PROP ?cong" and P: ?P
- have "f (Abs_Rat \<lfloor>fract a b\<rfloor>) (Abs_Rat \<lfloor>fract c d\<rfloor>) = g (fract a b) (fract c d)"
- proof (rule quot_cond_function)
- fix X Y assume "P X Y"
- with eq show "f (Abs_Rat X) (Abs_Rat Y) == g (pick X) (pick Y)"
- by (simp add: fraction_of_def pick_inverse Abs_Rat_inverse)
- next
- fix Q Q' R R' :: fraction
- show "\<lfloor>Q\<rfloor> = \<lfloor>Q'\<rfloor> ==> \<lfloor>R\<rfloor> = \<lfloor>R'\<rfloor> ==>
- P \<lfloor>Q\<rfloor> \<lfloor>R\<rfloor> ==> P \<lfloor>Q'\<rfloor> \<lfloor>R'\<rfloor> ==> g Q R = g Q' R'"
- by (induct Q, induct Q', induct R, induct R') (rule cong)
- qed
- thus ?thesis by (unfold Fract_def rat_of_def)
-qed
+lemma All_equiv_class2:
+ "equiv A1 r1 ==> equiv A2 r2 ==> congruent2 r1 r2 f ==> a1 \<in> A1 ==> a2 \<in> A2
+ ==> (\<forall>x1 \<in> r1``{a1}. \<forall>x2 \<in> r2``{a2}. f x1 x2) = f a1 a2"
+ by (simp add: All_equiv_class congruent2_implies_congruent
+ congruent2_implies_congruent_All)
-theorem rat_function:
- assumes "!!q r. f q r == g (fraction_of q) (fraction_of r)"
- and "!!a b a' b' c d c' d'.
- \<lfloor>fract a b\<rfloor> = \<lfloor>fract a' b'\<rfloor> ==> \<lfloor>fract c d\<rfloor> = \<lfloor>fract c' d'\<rfloor> ==>
- b \<noteq> 0 ==> b' \<noteq> 0 ==> d \<noteq> 0 ==> d' \<noteq> 0 ==>
- g (fract a b) (fract c d) = g (fract a' b') (fract c' d')"
- shows "f (Fract a b) (Fract c d) = g (fract a b) (fract c d)"
- using prems and TrueI by (rule rat_cond_function)
+lemmas UN_ratrel = UN_equiv_class [OF equiv_ratrel]
+lemmas UN_ratrel2 = UN_equiv_class2 [OF equiv_ratrel equiv_ratrel]
+lemmas All_ratrel2 = All_equiv_class2 [OF equiv_ratrel equiv_ratrel]
subsubsection {* Standard operations on rational numbers *}
-instance rat :: "{zero, one, plus, minus, times, inverse, ord}" ..
+instance rat :: "{ord, zero, one, plus, times, minus, inverse}" ..
defs (overloaded)
- zero_rat_def: "0 == rat_of 0"
- one_rat_def: "1 == rat_of 1"
- add_rat_def: "q + r == rat_of (fraction_of q + fraction_of r)"
- minus_rat_def: "-q == rat_of (-(fraction_of q))"
- diff_rat_def: "q - r == q + (-(r::rat))"
- mult_rat_def: "q * r == rat_of (fraction_of q * fraction_of r)"
- inverse_rat_def: "inverse q ==
- if q=0 then 0 else rat_of (inverse (fraction_of q))"
- divide_rat_def: "q / r == q * inverse (r::rat)"
- le_rat_def: "q \<le> r == fraction_of q \<le> fraction_of r"
- less_rat_def: "q < r == q \<le> r \<and> q \<noteq> (r::rat)"
+ Zero_rat_def: "0 == Fract 0 1"
+ One_rat_def: "1 == Fract 1 1"
+
+ add_rat_def:
+ "q + r ==
+ Abs_Rat (\<Union>x \<in> Rep_Rat q. \<Union>y \<in> Rep_Rat r.
+ ratrel``{(fst x * snd y + fst y * snd x, snd x * snd y)})"
+
+ minus_rat_def:
+ "- q == Abs_Rat (\<Union>x \<in> Rep_Rat q. ratrel``{(- fst x, snd x)})"
+
+ diff_rat_def: "q - r == q + - (r::rat)"
+
+ mult_rat_def:
+ "q * r ==
+ Abs_Rat (\<Union>x \<in> Rep_Rat q. \<Union>y \<in> Rep_Rat r.
+ ratrel``{(fst x * fst y, snd x * snd y)})"
+
+ inverse_rat_def:
+ "inverse q ==
+ Abs_Rat (\<Union>x \<in> Rep_Rat q.
+ ratrel``{if fst x=0 then (0,1) else (snd x, fst x)})"
+
+ divide_rat_def: "q / r == q * inverse (r::rat)"
+
+ le_rat_def:
+ "q \<le> (r::rat) ==
+ \<forall>x \<in> Rep_Rat q. \<forall>y \<in> Rep_Rat r.
+ (fst x * snd y)*(snd x * snd y) \<le> (fst y * snd x)*(snd x * snd y)"
+
+ less_rat_def: "(z < (w::rat)) == (z \<le> w & z \<noteq> w)"
+
abs_rat_def: "\<bar>q\<bar> == if q < 0 then -q else (q::rat)"
-theorem zero_rat: "0 = Fract 0 1"
- by (simp add: zero_rat_def zero_fraction_def rat_of_def Fract_def)
+lemma zero_rat: "0 = Fract 0 1"
+by (simp add: Zero_rat_def)
-theorem one_rat: "1 = Fract 1 1"
- by (simp add: one_rat_def one_fraction_def rat_of_def Fract_def)
+lemma one_rat: "1 = Fract 1 1"
+by (simp add: One_rat_def)
+
+theorem eq_rat: "b \<noteq> 0 ==> d \<noteq> 0 ==>
+ (Fract a b = Fract c d) = (a * d = c * b)"
+by (simp add: Fract_def)
theorem add_rat: "b \<noteq> 0 ==> d \<noteq> 0 ==>
Fract a b + Fract c d = Fract (a * d + c * b) (b * d)"
-proof -
- have "Fract a b + Fract c d = rat_of (fract a b + fract c d)"
- by (rule rat_function, rule add_rat_def, rule rat_of, rule add_fraction_cong)
- also
- assume "b \<noteq> 0" "d \<noteq> 0"
- hence "fract a b + fract c d = fract (a * d + c * b) (b * d)"
- by (simp add: add_fraction_def)
- finally show ?thesis by (unfold Fract_def)
-qed
+by (simp add: Fract_def add_rat_def add_congruent2 UN_ratrel2)
theorem minus_rat: "b \<noteq> 0 ==> -(Fract a b) = Fract (-a) b"
-proof -
- have "-(Fract a b) = rat_of (-(fract a b))"
- by (rule rat_function, rule minus_rat_def, rule rat_of, rule minus_fraction_cong)
- also assume "b \<noteq> 0" hence "-(fract a b) = fract (-a) b"
- by (simp add: minus_fraction_def)
- finally show ?thesis by (unfold Fract_def)
-qed
+by (simp add: Fract_def minus_rat_def minus_congruent UN_ratrel)
theorem diff_rat: "b \<noteq> 0 ==> d \<noteq> 0 ==>
Fract a b - Fract c d = Fract (a * d - c * b) (b * d)"
- by (simp add: diff_rat_def add_rat minus_rat)
+by (simp add: diff_rat_def add_rat minus_rat)
theorem mult_rat: "b \<noteq> 0 ==> d \<noteq> 0 ==>
Fract a b * Fract c d = Fract (a * c) (b * d)"
-proof -
- have "Fract a b * Fract c d = rat_of (fract a b * fract c d)"
- by (rule rat_function, rule mult_rat_def, rule rat_of, rule mult_fraction_cong)
- also
- assume "b \<noteq> 0" "d \<noteq> 0"
- hence "fract a b * fract c d = fract (a * c) (b * d)"
- by (simp add: mult_fraction_def)
- finally show ?thesis by (unfold Fract_def)
-qed
+by (simp add: Fract_def mult_rat_def mult_congruent2 UN_ratrel2)
-theorem inverse_rat: "Fract a b \<noteq> 0 ==> b \<noteq> 0 ==>
+theorem inverse_rat: "a \<noteq> 0 ==> b \<noteq> 0 ==>
inverse (Fract a b) = Fract b a"
-proof -
- assume neq: "b \<noteq> 0" and nonzero: "Fract a b \<noteq> 0"
- hence "\<lfloor>fract a b\<rfloor> \<noteq> \<lfloor>0\<rfloor>"
- by (simp add: zero_rat eq_rat is_zero_fraction_iff)
- with _ inverse_fraction_cong [THEN rat_of]
- have "inverse (Fract a b) = rat_of (inverse (fract a b))"
- proof (rule rat_cond_function)
- fix q assume cond: "\<lfloor>fraction_of q\<rfloor> \<noteq> \<lfloor>0\<rfloor>"
- have "q \<noteq> 0"
- proof (cases q)
- fix a b assume "b \<noteq> 0" and "q = Fract a b"
- from this cond show ?thesis
- by (simp add: Fract_inverse is_zero_fraction_iff zero_rat eq_rat)
- qed
- thus "inverse q == rat_of (inverse (fraction_of q))"
- by (simp add: inverse_rat_def)
- qed
- also from neq nonzero have "inverse (fract a b) = fract b a"
- by (simp add: inverse_fraction_def)
- finally show ?thesis by (unfold Fract_def)
-qed
+by (simp add: Fract_def inverse_rat_def inverse_congruent UN_ratrel)
-theorem divide_rat: "Fract c d \<noteq> 0 ==> b \<noteq> 0 ==> d \<noteq> 0 ==>
+theorem divide_rat: "c \<noteq> 0 ==> b \<noteq> 0 ==> d \<noteq> 0 ==>
Fract a b / Fract c d = Fract (a * d) (b * c)"
-proof -
- assume neq: "b \<noteq> 0" "d \<noteq> 0" and nonzero: "Fract c d \<noteq> 0"
- hence "c \<noteq> 0" by (simp add: zero_rat eq_rat)
- with neq nonzero show ?thesis
- by (simp add: divide_rat_def inverse_rat mult_rat)
-qed
+by (simp add: divide_rat_def inverse_rat mult_rat)
theorem le_rat: "b \<noteq> 0 ==> d \<noteq> 0 ==>
(Fract a b \<le> Fract c d) = ((a * d) * (b * d) \<le> (c * b) * (b * d))"
-proof -
- have "(Fract a b \<le> Fract c d) = (fract a b \<le> fract c d)"
- by (rule rat_function, rule le_rat_def, rule le_fraction_cong)
- also
- assume "b \<noteq> 0" "d \<noteq> 0"
- hence "(fract a b \<le> fract c d) = ((a * d) * (b * d) \<le> (c * b) * (b * d))"
- by (simp add: le_fraction_def)
- finally show ?thesis .
-qed
+by (simp add: Fract_def le_rat_def le_congruent2 All_ratrel2)
theorem less_rat: "b \<noteq> 0 ==> d \<noteq> 0 ==>
(Fract a b < Fract c d) = ((a * d) * (b * d) < (c * b) * (b * d))"
- by (simp add: less_rat_def le_rat eq_rat order_less_le)
+by (simp add: less_rat_def le_rat eq_rat order_less_le)
theorem abs_rat: "b \<noteq> 0 ==> \<bar>Fract a b\<bar> = Fract \<bar>a\<bar> \<bar>b\<bar>"
by (simp add: abs_rat_def minus_rat zero_rat less_rat eq_rat)
@@ -474,13 +287,14 @@
proof
fix q r s :: rat
show "(q + r) + s = q + (r + s)"
- by (rule rat_add_assoc)
+ by (induct q, induct r, induct s)
+ (simp add: add_rat add_ac mult_ac int_distrib)
show "q + r = r + q"
by (induct q, induct r) (simp add: add_rat add_ac mult_ac)
show "0 + q = q"
by (induct q) (simp add: zero_rat add_rat)
show "(-q) + q = 0"
- by (rule rat_left_minus)
+ by (induct q) (simp add: zero_rat minus_rat add_rat eq_rat)
show "q - r = q + (-r)"
by (induct q, induct r) (simp add: add_rat minus_rat diff_rat)
show "(q * r) * s = q * (r * s)"
@@ -564,7 +378,8 @@
show "(q < r) = (q \<le> r \<and> q \<noteq> r)"
by (simp only: less_rat_def)
show "q \<le> r \<or> r \<le> q"
- by (induct q, induct r) (simp add: le_rat mult_ac, arith)
+ by (induct q, induct r)
+ (simp add: le_rat mult_commute, rule linorder_linear)
}
qed
@@ -614,14 +429,16 @@
instance rat :: division_by_zero
proof
- show "inverse 0 = (0::rat)" by (simp add: inverse_rat_def)
+ show "inverse 0 = (0::rat)"
+ by (simp add: zero_rat Fract_def inverse_rat_def
+ inverse_congruent UN_ratrel)
qed
subsection {* Various Other Results *}
lemma minus_rat_cancel [simp]: "b \<noteq> 0 ==> Fract (-a) (-b) = Fract a b"
-by (simp add: Fract_equality eq_fraction_iff)
+by (simp add: eq_rat)
theorem Rat_induct_pos [case_names Fract, induct type: rat]:
assumes step: "!!a b. 0 < b ==> P (Fract a b)"