doc-src/TutorialI/Rules/Forward.thy

Sort search results in order of relevance, where relevance =
a) better if 0 premises for intro or 1 premise for elim/dest rules
b) better if substitution size wrt to current goal is smaller

Only applies to intro, dest, elim, and simp

(contributed by Rafal Kolanski, NICTA)

theory Forward imports Primes begin

text{*\noindent
Forward proof material: of, OF, THEN, simplify, rule_format.
*}

text{*\noindent
SKIP most developments...
*}

(** Commutativity **)

lemma is_gcd_commute: "is_gcd k m n = is_gcd k n m"
apply (auto simp add: is_gcd_def);
done

lemma gcd_commute: "gcd(m,n) = gcd(n,m)"
apply (rule is_gcd_unique)
apply (rule is_gcd)
apply (subst is_gcd_commute)
apply (simp add: is_gcd)
done

lemma gcd_1 [simp]: "gcd(m, Suc 0) = Suc 0"
apply simp
done

lemma gcd_1_left [simp]: "gcd(Suc 0, m) = Suc 0"
apply (simp add: gcd_commute [of "Suc 0"])
done

text{*\noindent
as far as HERE.
*}

text{*\noindent
SKIP THIS PROOF
*}

lemma gcd_mult_distrib2: "k * gcd(m,n) = gcd(k*m, k*n)"
apply (induct_tac m n rule: gcd.induct)
apply (case_tac "n=0")
apply simp
apply (case_tac "k=0")
apply (simp_all add: mod_geq gcd_non_0 mod_mult_distrib2)
done

text {*
@{thm[display] gcd_mult_distrib2}
\rulename{gcd_mult_distrib2}
*};

text{*\noindent
of, simplified
*}


lemmas gcd_mult_0 = gcd_mult_distrib2 [of k 1];
lemmas gcd_mult_1 = gcd_mult_0 [simplified];

lemmas where1 = gcd_mult_distrib2 [where m=1]

lemmas where2 = gcd_mult_distrib2 [where m=1 and k=1]

lemmas where3 = gcd_mult_distrib2 [where m=1 and k="j+k"]

text {*
example using ``of'':
@{thm[display] gcd_mult_distrib2 [of _ 1]}

example using ``where'':
@{thm[display] gcd_mult_distrib2 [where m=1]}

example using ``where'', ``and'':
@{thm[display] gcd_mult_distrib2 [where m=1 and k="j+k"]}

@{thm[display] gcd_mult_0}
\rulename{gcd_mult_0}

@{thm[display] gcd_mult_1}
\rulename{gcd_mult_1}

@{thm[display] sym}
\rulename{sym}
*};

lemmas gcd_mult0 = gcd_mult_1 [THEN sym];
      (*not quite right: we need ?k but this gives k*)

lemmas gcd_mult0' = gcd_mult_distrib2 [of k 1, simplified, THEN sym];
      (*better in one step!*)

text {*
more legible, and variables properly generalized
*};

lemma gcd_mult [simp]: "gcd(k, k*n) = k"
by (rule gcd_mult_distrib2 [of k 1, simplified, THEN sym])


lemmas gcd_self0 = gcd_mult [of k 1, simplified];


text {*
Rules handy with THEN

@{thm[display] iffD1}
\rulename{iffD1}

@{thm[display] iffD2}
\rulename{iffD2}
*};


text {*
again: more legible, and variables properly generalized
*};

lemma gcd_self [simp]: "gcd(k,k) = k"
by (rule gcd_mult [of k 1, simplified])


text{*
NEXT SECTION: Methods for Forward Proof

NEW

theorem arg_cong, useful in forward steps
@{thm[display] arg_cong[no_vars]}
\rulename{arg_cong}
*}

lemma "2 \<le> u \<Longrightarrow> u*m \<noteq> Suc(u*n)"
apply (intro notI)
txt{*
before using arg_cong
@{subgoals[display,indent=0,margin=65]}
*};
apply (drule_tac f="\<lambda>x. x mod u" in arg_cong)
txt{*
after using arg_cong
@{subgoals[display,indent=0,margin=65]}
*};
apply (simp add: mod_Suc)
done

text{*
have just used this rule:
@{thm[display] mod_Suc[no_vars]}
\rulename{mod_Suc}

@{thm[display] mult_le_mono1[no_vars]}
\rulename{mult_le_mono1}
*}


text{*
example of "insert"
*}

lemma relprime_dvd_mult: 
      "\<lbrakk> gcd(k,n)=1; k dvd m*n \<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> k dvd m"
apply (insert gcd_mult_distrib2 [of m k n])
apply simp
apply (erule_tac t="m" in ssubst);
apply simp
done


text {*
Another example of "insert"

@{thm[display] mod_div_equality}
\rulename{mod_div_equality}
*};

(*MOVED to Force.thy, which now depends only on Divides.thy
lemma div_mult_self_is_m: "0<n \<Longrightarrow> (m*n) div n = (m::nat)"
*)

lemma relprime_dvd_mult_iff: "gcd(k,n)=1 \<Longrightarrow> (k dvd m*n) = (k dvd m)";
by (blast intro: relprime_dvd_mult dvd_trans)


lemma relprime_20_81: "gcd(20,81) = 1";
by (simp add: gcd.simps)

text {*
Examples of 'OF'

@{thm[display] relprime_dvd_mult}
\rulename{relprime_dvd_mult}

@{thm[display] relprime_dvd_mult [OF relprime_20_81]}

@{thm[display] dvd_refl}
\rulename{dvd_refl}

@{thm[display] dvd_add}
\rulename{dvd_add}

@{thm[display] dvd_add [OF dvd_refl dvd_refl]}

@{thm[display] dvd_add [OF _ dvd_refl]}
*};

lemma "\<lbrakk>(z::int) < 37; 66 < 2*z; z*z \<noteq> 1225; Q(34); Q(36)\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> Q(z)";
apply (subgoal_tac "z = 34 \<or> z = 36")
txt{*
the tactic leaves two subgoals:
@{subgoals[display,indent=0,margin=65]}
*};
apply blast
apply (subgoal_tac "z \<noteq> 35")
txt{*
the tactic leaves two subgoals:
@{subgoals[display,indent=0,margin=65]}
*};
apply arith
apply force
done


end