removed old HOL4 import -- corresponding exporter is lost, code is broken, no users known, maintenance nightmare
(* Title: HOL/Metis_Examples/Binary_Tree.thy
Author: Lawrence C. Paulson, Cambridge University Computer Laboratory
Author: Jasmin Blanchette, TU Muenchen
Metis example featuring binary trees.
*)
header {* Metis Example Featuring Binary Trees *}
theory Binary_Tree
imports Main
begin
declare [[metis_new_skolemizer]]
datatype 'a bt =
Lf
| Br 'a "'a bt" "'a bt"
primrec n_nodes :: "'a bt => nat" where
"n_nodes Lf = 0"
| "n_nodes (Br a t1 t2) = Suc (n_nodes t1 + n_nodes t2)"
primrec n_leaves :: "'a bt => nat" where
"n_leaves Lf = Suc 0"
| "n_leaves (Br a t1 t2) = n_leaves t1 + n_leaves t2"
primrec depth :: "'a bt => nat" where
"depth Lf = 0"
| "depth (Br a t1 t2) = Suc (max (depth t1) (depth t2))"
primrec reflect :: "'a bt => 'a bt" where
"reflect Lf = Lf"
| "reflect (Br a t1 t2) = Br a (reflect t2) (reflect t1)"
primrec bt_map :: "('a => 'b) => ('a bt => 'b bt)" where
"bt_map f Lf = Lf"
| "bt_map f (Br a t1 t2) = Br (f a) (bt_map f t1) (bt_map f t2)"
primrec preorder :: "'a bt => 'a list" where
"preorder Lf = []"
| "preorder (Br a t1 t2) = [a] @ (preorder t1) @ (preorder t2)"
primrec inorder :: "'a bt => 'a list" where
"inorder Lf = []"
| "inorder (Br a t1 t2) = (inorder t1) @ [a] @ (inorder t2)"
primrec postorder :: "'a bt => 'a list" where
"postorder Lf = []"
| "postorder (Br a t1 t2) = (postorder t1) @ (postorder t2) @ [a]"
primrec append :: "'a bt => 'a bt => 'a bt" where
"append Lf t = t"
| "append (Br a t1 t2) t = Br a (append t1 t) (append t2 t)"
text {* \medskip BT simplification *}
lemma n_leaves_reflect: "n_leaves (reflect t) = n_leaves t"
proof (induct t)
case Lf thus ?case
proof -
let "?p\<^isub>1 x\<^isub>1" = "x\<^isub>1 \<noteq> n_leaves (reflect (Lf::'a bt))"
have "\<not> ?p\<^isub>1 (Suc 0)" by (metis reflect.simps(1) n_leaves.simps(1))
hence "\<not> ?p\<^isub>1 (n_leaves (Lf::'a bt))" by (metis n_leaves.simps(1))
thus "n_leaves (reflect (Lf::'a bt)) = n_leaves (Lf::'a bt)" by metis
qed
next
case (Br a t1 t2) thus ?case
by (metis n_leaves.simps(2) nat_add_commute reflect.simps(2))
qed
lemma n_nodes_reflect: "n_nodes (reflect t) = n_nodes t"
proof (induct t)
case Lf thus ?case by (metis reflect.simps(1))
next
case (Br a t1 t2) thus ?case
by (metis add_commute n_nodes.simps(2) reflect.simps(2))
qed
lemma depth_reflect: "depth (reflect t) = depth t"
apply (induct t)
apply (metis depth.simps(1) reflect.simps(1))
by (metis depth.simps(2) min_max.inf_sup_aci(5) reflect.simps(2))
text {*
The famous relationship between the numbers of leaves and nodes.
*}
lemma n_leaves_nodes: "n_leaves t = Suc (n_nodes t)"
apply (induct t)
apply (metis n_leaves.simps(1) n_nodes.simps(1))
by auto
lemma reflect_reflect_ident: "reflect (reflect t) = t"
apply (induct t)
apply (metis reflect.simps(1))
proof -
fix a :: 'a and t1 :: "'a bt" and t2 :: "'a bt"
assume A1: "reflect (reflect t1) = t1"
assume A2: "reflect (reflect t2) = t2"
have "\<And>V U. reflect (Br U V (reflect t1)) = Br U t1 (reflect V)"
using A1 by (metis reflect.simps(2))
hence "\<And>V U. Br U t1 (reflect (reflect V)) = reflect (reflect (Br U t1 V))"
by (metis reflect.simps(2))
hence "\<And>U. reflect (reflect (Br U t1 t2)) = Br U t1 t2"
using A2 by metis
thus "reflect (reflect (Br a t1 t2)) = Br a t1 t2" by blast
qed
lemma bt_map_ident: "bt_map (%x. x) = (%y. y)"
apply (rule ext)
apply (induct_tac y)
apply (metis bt_map.simps(1))
by (metis bt_map.simps(2))
lemma bt_map_append: "bt_map f (append t u) = append (bt_map f t) (bt_map f u)"
apply (induct t)
apply (metis append.simps(1) bt_map.simps(1))
by (metis append.simps(2) bt_map.simps(2))
lemma bt_map_compose: "bt_map (f o g) t = bt_map f (bt_map g t)"
apply (induct t)
apply (metis bt_map.simps(1))
by (metis bt_map.simps(2) o_eq_dest_lhs)
lemma bt_map_reflect: "bt_map f (reflect t) = reflect (bt_map f t)"
apply (induct t)
apply (metis bt_map.simps(1) reflect.simps(1))
by (metis bt_map.simps(2) reflect.simps(2))
lemma preorder_bt_map: "preorder (bt_map f t) = map f (preorder t)"
apply (induct t)
apply (metis bt_map.simps(1) map.simps(1) preorder.simps(1))
by simp
lemma inorder_bt_map: "inorder (bt_map f t) = map f (inorder t)"
proof (induct t)
case Lf thus ?case
proof -
have "map f [] = []" by (metis map.simps(1))
hence "map f [] = inorder Lf" by (metis inorder.simps(1))
hence "inorder (bt_map f Lf) = map f []" by (metis bt_map.simps(1))
thus "inorder (bt_map f Lf) = map f (inorder Lf)" by (metis inorder.simps(1))
qed
next
case (Br a t1 t2) thus ?case by simp
qed
lemma postorder_bt_map: "postorder (bt_map f t) = map f (postorder t)"
apply (induct t)
apply (metis Nil_is_map_conv bt_map.simps(1) postorder.simps(1))
by simp
lemma depth_bt_map [simp]: "depth (bt_map f t) = depth t"
apply (induct t)
apply (metis bt_map.simps(1) depth.simps(1))
by simp
lemma n_leaves_bt_map [simp]: "n_leaves (bt_map f t) = n_leaves t"
apply (induct t)
apply (metis bt_map.simps(1) n_leaves.simps(1))
proof -
fix a :: 'b and t1 :: "'b bt" and t2 :: "'b bt"
assume A1: "n_leaves (bt_map f t1) = n_leaves t1"
assume A2: "n_leaves (bt_map f t2) = n_leaves t2"
have "\<And>V U. n_leaves (Br U (bt_map f t1) V) = n_leaves t1 + n_leaves V"
using A1 by (metis n_leaves.simps(2))
hence "\<And>V U. n_leaves (bt_map f (Br U t1 V)) = n_leaves t1 + n_leaves (bt_map f V)"
by (metis bt_map.simps(2))
hence F1: "\<And>U. n_leaves (bt_map f (Br U t1 t2)) = n_leaves t1 + n_leaves t2"
using A2 by metis
have "n_leaves t1 + n_leaves t2 = n_leaves (Br a t1 t2)"
by (metis n_leaves.simps(2))
thus "n_leaves (bt_map f (Br a t1 t2)) = n_leaves (Br a t1 t2)"
using F1 by metis
qed
lemma preorder_reflect: "preorder (reflect t) = rev (postorder t)"
apply (induct t)
apply (metis Nil_is_rev_conv postorder.simps(1) preorder.simps(1)
reflect.simps(1))
apply simp
done
lemma inorder_reflect: "inorder (reflect t) = rev (inorder t)"
apply (induct t)
apply (metis Nil_is_rev_conv inorder.simps(1) reflect.simps(1))
by simp
(* Slow:
by (metis append.simps(1) append_eq_append_conv2 inorder.simps(2)
reflect.simps(2) rev.simps(2) rev_append)
*)
lemma postorder_reflect: "postorder (reflect t) = rev (preorder t)"
apply (induct t)
apply (metis Nil_is_rev_conv postorder.simps(1) preorder.simps(1)
reflect.simps(1))
by (metis preorder_reflect reflect_reflect_ident rev_swap)
text {*
Analogues of the standard properties of the append function for lists.
*}
lemma append_assoc [simp]: "append (append t1 t2) t3 = append t1 (append t2 t3)"
apply (induct t1)
apply (metis append.simps(1))
by (metis append.simps(2))
lemma append_Lf2 [simp]: "append t Lf = t"
apply (induct t)
apply (metis append.simps(1))
by (metis append.simps(2))
declare max_add_distrib_left [simp]
lemma depth_append [simp]: "depth (append t1 t2) = depth t1 + depth t2"
apply (induct t1)
apply (metis append.simps(1) depth.simps(1) plus_nat.simps(1))
by simp
lemma n_leaves_append [simp]:
"n_leaves (append t1 t2) = n_leaves t1 * n_leaves t2"
apply (induct t1)
apply (metis append.simps(1) n_leaves.simps(1) nat_mult_1 plus_nat.simps(1)
Suc_eq_plus1)
by (simp add: left_distrib)
lemma (*bt_map_append:*)
"bt_map f (append t1 t2) = append (bt_map f t1) (bt_map f t2)"
apply (induct t1)
apply (metis append.simps(1) bt_map.simps(1))
by (metis bt_map_append)
end