(* Title: HOL/Extraction.thy
ID: $Id$
Author: Stefan Berghofer, TU Muenchen
*)
header {* Program extraction for HOL *}
theory Extraction
imports Datatype
uses "Tools/rewrite_hol_proof.ML"
begin
subsection {* Setup *}
setup {*
let
fun realizes_set_proc (Const ("realizes", Type ("fun", [Type ("Null", []), _])) $ r $
(Const ("op :", _) $ x $ S)) = (case strip_comb S of
(Var (ixn, U), ts) => SOME (list_comb (Var (ixn, binder_types U @
[HOLogic.dest_setT (body_type U)] ---> HOLogic.boolT), ts @ [x]))
| (Free (s, U), ts) => SOME (list_comb (Free (s, binder_types U @
[HOLogic.dest_setT (body_type U)] ---> HOLogic.boolT), ts @ [x]))
| _ => NONE)
| realizes_set_proc (Const ("realizes", Type ("fun", [T, _])) $ r $
(Const ("op :", _) $ x $ S)) = (case strip_comb S of
(Var (ixn, U), ts) => SOME (list_comb (Var (ixn, T :: binder_types U @
[HOLogic.dest_setT (body_type U)] ---> HOLogic.boolT), r :: ts @ [x]))
| (Free (s, U), ts) => SOME (list_comb (Free (s, T :: binder_types U @
[HOLogic.dest_setT (body_type U)] ---> HOLogic.boolT), r :: ts @ [x]))
| _ => NONE)
| realizes_set_proc _ = NONE;
fun mk_realizes_set r rT s (setT as Type ("set", [elT])) =
Abs ("x", elT, Const ("realizes", rT --> HOLogic.boolT --> HOLogic.boolT) $
incr_boundvars 1 r $ (Const ("op :", elT --> setT --> HOLogic.boolT) $
Bound 0 $ incr_boundvars 1 s));
in
[Extraction.add_types
[("bool", ([], NONE)),
("set", ([realizes_set_proc], SOME mk_realizes_set))],
Extraction.set_preprocessor (fn thy =>
Proofterm.rewrite_proof_notypes
([], ("HOL/elim_cong", RewriteHOLProof.elim_cong) ::
ProofRewriteRules.rprocs true) o
Proofterm.rewrite_proof thy
(RewriteHOLProof.rews, ProofRewriteRules.rprocs true) o
ProofRewriteRules.elim_vars (curry Const "arbitrary"))]
end
*}
lemmas [extraction_expand] =
atomize_eq atomize_all atomize_imp atomize_conj
allE rev_mp conjE Eq_TrueI Eq_FalseI eqTrueI eqTrueE eq_cong2
notE' impE' impE iffE imp_cong simp_thms
induct_forall_eq induct_implies_eq induct_equal_eq induct_conj_eq
induct_forall_def induct_implies_def induct_equal_def induct_conj_def
induct_atomize induct_atomize_old induct_rulify induct_rulify_fallback
datatype sumbool = Left | Right
subsection {* Type of extracted program *}
extract_type
"typeof (Trueprop P) \<equiv> typeof P"
"typeof P \<equiv> Type (TYPE(Null)) \<Longrightarrow> typeof Q \<equiv> Type (TYPE('Q)) \<Longrightarrow>
typeof (P \<longrightarrow> Q) \<equiv> Type (TYPE('Q))"
"typeof Q \<equiv> Type (TYPE(Null)) \<Longrightarrow> typeof (P \<longrightarrow> Q) \<equiv> Type (TYPE(Null))"
"typeof P \<equiv> Type (TYPE('P)) \<Longrightarrow> typeof Q \<equiv> Type (TYPE('Q)) \<Longrightarrow>
typeof (P \<longrightarrow> Q) \<equiv> Type (TYPE('P \<Rightarrow> 'Q))"
"(\<lambda>x. typeof (P x)) \<equiv> (\<lambda>x. Type (TYPE(Null))) \<Longrightarrow>
typeof (\<forall>x. P x) \<equiv> Type (TYPE(Null))"
"(\<lambda>x. typeof (P x)) \<equiv> (\<lambda>x. Type (TYPE('P))) \<Longrightarrow>
typeof (\<forall>x::'a. P x) \<equiv> Type (TYPE('a \<Rightarrow> 'P))"
"(\<lambda>x. typeof (P x)) \<equiv> (\<lambda>x. Type (TYPE(Null))) \<Longrightarrow>
typeof (\<exists>x::'a. P x) \<equiv> Type (TYPE('a))"
"(\<lambda>x. typeof (P x)) \<equiv> (\<lambda>x. Type (TYPE('P))) \<Longrightarrow>
typeof (\<exists>x::'a. P x) \<equiv> Type (TYPE('a \<times> 'P))"
"typeof P \<equiv> Type (TYPE(Null)) \<Longrightarrow> typeof Q \<equiv> Type (TYPE(Null)) \<Longrightarrow>
typeof (P \<or> Q) \<equiv> Type (TYPE(sumbool))"
"typeof P \<equiv> Type (TYPE(Null)) \<Longrightarrow> typeof Q \<equiv> Type (TYPE('Q)) \<Longrightarrow>
typeof (P \<or> Q) \<equiv> Type (TYPE('Q option))"
"typeof P \<equiv> Type (TYPE('P)) \<Longrightarrow> typeof Q \<equiv> Type (TYPE(Null)) \<Longrightarrow>
typeof (P \<or> Q) \<equiv> Type (TYPE('P option))"
"typeof P \<equiv> Type (TYPE('P)) \<Longrightarrow> typeof Q \<equiv> Type (TYPE('Q)) \<Longrightarrow>
typeof (P \<or> Q) \<equiv> Type (TYPE('P + 'Q))"
"typeof P \<equiv> Type (TYPE(Null)) \<Longrightarrow> typeof Q \<equiv> Type (TYPE('Q)) \<Longrightarrow>
typeof (P \<and> Q) \<equiv> Type (TYPE('Q))"
"typeof P \<equiv> Type (TYPE('P)) \<Longrightarrow> typeof Q \<equiv> Type (TYPE(Null)) \<Longrightarrow>
typeof (P \<and> Q) \<equiv> Type (TYPE('P))"
"typeof P \<equiv> Type (TYPE('P)) \<Longrightarrow> typeof Q \<equiv> Type (TYPE('Q)) \<Longrightarrow>
typeof (P \<and> Q) \<equiv> Type (TYPE('P \<times> 'Q))"
"typeof (P = Q) \<equiv> typeof ((P \<longrightarrow> Q) \<and> (Q \<longrightarrow> P))"
"typeof (x \<in> P) \<equiv> typeof P"
subsection {* Realizability *}
realizability
"(realizes t (Trueprop P)) \<equiv> (Trueprop (realizes t P))"
"(typeof P) \<equiv> (Type (TYPE(Null))) \<Longrightarrow>
(realizes t (P \<longrightarrow> Q)) \<equiv> (realizes Null P \<longrightarrow> realizes t Q)"
"(typeof P) \<equiv> (Type (TYPE('P))) \<Longrightarrow>
(typeof Q) \<equiv> (Type (TYPE(Null))) \<Longrightarrow>
(realizes t (P \<longrightarrow> Q)) \<equiv> (\<forall>x::'P. realizes x P \<longrightarrow> realizes Null Q)"
"(realizes t (P \<longrightarrow> Q)) \<equiv> (\<forall>x. realizes x P \<longrightarrow> realizes (t x) Q)"
"(\<lambda>x. typeof (P x)) \<equiv> (\<lambda>x. Type (TYPE(Null))) \<Longrightarrow>
(realizes t (\<forall>x. P x)) \<equiv> (\<forall>x. realizes Null (P x))"
"(realizes t (\<forall>x. P x)) \<equiv> (\<forall>x. realizes (t x) (P x))"
"(\<lambda>x. typeof (P x)) \<equiv> (\<lambda>x. Type (TYPE(Null))) \<Longrightarrow>
(realizes t (\<exists>x. P x)) \<equiv> (realizes Null (P t))"
"(realizes t (\<exists>x. P x)) \<equiv> (realizes (snd t) (P (fst t)))"
"(typeof P) \<equiv> (Type (TYPE(Null))) \<Longrightarrow>
(typeof Q) \<equiv> (Type (TYPE(Null))) \<Longrightarrow>
(realizes t (P \<or> Q)) \<equiv>
(case t of Left \<Rightarrow> realizes Null P | Right \<Rightarrow> realizes Null Q)"
"(typeof P) \<equiv> (Type (TYPE(Null))) \<Longrightarrow>
(realizes t (P \<or> Q)) \<equiv>
(case t of None \<Rightarrow> realizes Null P | Some q \<Rightarrow> realizes q Q)"
"(typeof Q) \<equiv> (Type (TYPE(Null))) \<Longrightarrow>
(realizes t (P \<or> Q)) \<equiv>
(case t of None \<Rightarrow> realizes Null Q | Some p \<Rightarrow> realizes p P)"
"(realizes t (P \<or> Q)) \<equiv>
(case t of Inl p \<Rightarrow> realizes p P | Inr q \<Rightarrow> realizes q Q)"
"(typeof P) \<equiv> (Type (TYPE(Null))) \<Longrightarrow>
(realizes t (P \<and> Q)) \<equiv> (realizes Null P \<and> realizes t Q)"
"(typeof Q) \<equiv> (Type (TYPE(Null))) \<Longrightarrow>
(realizes t (P \<and> Q)) \<equiv> (realizes t P \<and> realizes Null Q)"
"(realizes t (P \<and> Q)) \<equiv> (realizes (fst t) P \<and> realizes (snd t) Q)"
"typeof P \<equiv> Type (TYPE(Null)) \<Longrightarrow>
realizes t (\<not> P) \<equiv> \<not> realizes Null P"
"typeof P \<equiv> Type (TYPE('P)) \<Longrightarrow>
realizes t (\<not> P) \<equiv> (\<forall>x::'P. \<not> realizes x P)"
"typeof (P::bool) \<equiv> Type (TYPE(Null)) \<Longrightarrow>
typeof Q \<equiv> Type (TYPE(Null)) \<Longrightarrow>
realizes t (P = Q) \<equiv> realizes Null P = realizes Null Q"
"(realizes t (P = Q)) \<equiv> (realizes t ((P \<longrightarrow> Q) \<and> (Q \<longrightarrow> P)))"
subsection {* Computational content of basic inference rules *}
theorem disjE_realizer:
assumes r: "case x of Inl p \<Rightarrow> P p | Inr q \<Rightarrow> Q q"
and r1: "\<And>p. P p \<Longrightarrow> R (f p)" and r2: "\<And>q. Q q \<Longrightarrow> R (g q)"
shows "R (case x of Inl p \<Rightarrow> f p | Inr q \<Rightarrow> g q)"
proof (cases x)
case Inl
with r show ?thesis by simp (rule r1)
next
case Inr
with r show ?thesis by simp (rule r2)
qed
theorem disjE_realizer2:
assumes r: "case x of None \<Rightarrow> P | Some q \<Rightarrow> Q q"
and r1: "P \<Longrightarrow> R f" and r2: "\<And>q. Q q \<Longrightarrow> R (g q)"
shows "R (case x of None \<Rightarrow> f | Some q \<Rightarrow> g q)"
proof (cases x)
case None
with r show ?thesis by simp (rule r1)
next
case Some
with r show ?thesis by simp (rule r2)
qed
theorem disjE_realizer3:
assumes r: "case x of Left \<Rightarrow> P | Right \<Rightarrow> Q"
and r1: "P \<Longrightarrow> R f" and r2: "Q \<Longrightarrow> R g"
shows "R (case x of Left \<Rightarrow> f | Right \<Rightarrow> g)"
proof (cases x)
case Left
with r show ?thesis by simp (rule r1)
next
case Right
with r show ?thesis by simp (rule r2)
qed
theorem conjI_realizer:
"P p \<Longrightarrow> Q q \<Longrightarrow> P (fst (p, q)) \<and> Q (snd (p, q))"
by simp
theorem exI_realizer:
"P y x \<Longrightarrow> P (snd (x, y)) (fst (x, y))" by simp
theorem exE_realizer: "P (snd p) (fst p) \<Longrightarrow>
(\<And>x y. P y x \<Longrightarrow> Q (f x y)) \<Longrightarrow> Q (let (x, y) = p in f x y)"
by (cases p) (simp add: Let_def)
theorem exE_realizer': "P (snd p) (fst p) \<Longrightarrow>
(\<And>x y. P y x \<Longrightarrow> Q) \<Longrightarrow> Q" by (cases p) simp
realizers
impI (P, Q): "\<lambda>pq. pq"
"\<Lambda> P Q pq (h: _). allI \<cdot> _ \<bullet> (\<Lambda> x. impI \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<bullet> (h \<cdot> x))"
impI (P): "Null"
"\<Lambda> P Q (h: _). allI \<cdot> _ \<bullet> (\<Lambda> x. impI \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<bullet> (h \<cdot> x))"
impI (Q): "\<lambda>q. q" "\<Lambda> P Q q. impI \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _"
impI: "Null" "impI"
mp (P, Q): "\<lambda>pq. pq"
"\<Lambda> P Q pq (h: _) p. mp \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<bullet> (spec \<cdot> _ \<cdot> p \<bullet> h)"
mp (P): "Null"
"\<Lambda> P Q (h: _) p. mp \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<bullet> (spec \<cdot> _ \<cdot> p \<bullet> h)"
mp (Q): "\<lambda>q. q" "\<Lambda> P Q q. mp \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _"
mp: "Null" "mp"
allI (P): "\<lambda>p. p" "\<Lambda> P p. allI \<cdot> _"
allI: "Null" "allI"
spec (P): "\<lambda>x p. p x" "\<Lambda> P x p. spec \<cdot> _ \<cdot> x"
spec: "Null" "spec"
exI (P): "\<lambda>x p. (x, p)" "\<Lambda> P x p. exI_realizer \<cdot> P \<cdot> p \<cdot> x"
exI: "\<lambda>x. x" "\<Lambda> P x (h: _). h"
exE (P, Q): "\<lambda>p pq. let (x, y) = p in pq x y"
"\<Lambda> P Q p (h: _) pq. exE_realizer \<cdot> P \<cdot> p \<cdot> Q \<cdot> pq \<bullet> h"
exE (P): "Null"
"\<Lambda> P Q p. exE_realizer' \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _"
exE (Q): "\<lambda>x pq. pq x"
"\<Lambda> P Q x (h1: _) pq (h2: _). h2 \<cdot> x \<bullet> h1"
exE: "Null"
"\<Lambda> P Q x (h1: _) (h2: _). h2 \<cdot> x \<bullet> h1"
conjI (P, Q): "Pair"
"\<Lambda> P Q p (h: _) q. conjI_realizer \<cdot> P \<cdot> p \<cdot> Q \<cdot> q \<bullet> h"
conjI (P): "\<lambda>p. p"
"\<Lambda> P Q p. conjI \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _"
conjI (Q): "\<lambda>q. q"
"\<Lambda> P Q (h: _) q. conjI \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<bullet> h"
conjI: "Null" "conjI"
conjunct1 (P, Q): "fst"
"\<Lambda> P Q pq. conjunct1 \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _"
conjunct1 (P): "\<lambda>p. p"
"\<Lambda> P Q p. conjunct1 \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _"
conjunct1 (Q): "Null"
"\<Lambda> P Q q. conjunct1 \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _"
conjunct1: "Null" "conjunct1"
conjunct2 (P, Q): "snd"
"\<Lambda> P Q pq. conjunct2 \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _"
conjunct2 (P): "Null"
"\<Lambda> P Q p. conjunct2 \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _"
conjunct2 (Q): "\<lambda>p. p"
"\<Lambda> P Q p. conjunct2 \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _"
conjunct2: "Null" "conjunct2"
disjI1 (P, Q): "Inl"
"\<Lambda> P Q p. iffD2 \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<bullet> (sum.cases_1 \<cdot> P \<cdot> _ \<cdot> p)"
disjI1 (P): "Some"
"\<Lambda> P Q p. iffD2 \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<bullet> (option.cases_2 \<cdot> _ \<cdot> P \<cdot> p)"
disjI1 (Q): "None"
"\<Lambda> P Q. iffD2 \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<bullet> (option.cases_1 \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _)"
disjI1: "Left"
"\<Lambda> P Q. iffD2 \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<bullet> (sumbool.cases_1 \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _)"
disjI2 (P, Q): "Inr"
"\<Lambda> Q P q. iffD2 \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<bullet> (sum.cases_2 \<cdot> _ \<cdot> Q \<cdot> q)"
disjI2 (P): "None"
"\<Lambda> Q P. iffD2 \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<bullet> (option.cases_1 \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _)"
disjI2 (Q): "Some"
"\<Lambda> Q P q. iffD2 \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<bullet> (option.cases_2 \<cdot> _ \<cdot> Q \<cdot> q)"
disjI2: "Right"
"\<Lambda> Q P. iffD2 \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<bullet> (sumbool.cases_2 \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _)"
disjE (P, Q, R): "\<lambda>pq pr qr.
(case pq of Inl p \<Rightarrow> pr p | Inr q \<Rightarrow> qr q)"
"\<Lambda> P Q R pq (h1: _) pr (h2: _) qr.
disjE_realizer \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<cdot> pq \<cdot> R \<cdot> pr \<cdot> qr \<bullet> h1 \<bullet> h2"
disjE (Q, R): "\<lambda>pq pr qr.
(case pq of None \<Rightarrow> pr | Some q \<Rightarrow> qr q)"
"\<Lambda> P Q R pq (h1: _) pr (h2: _) qr.
disjE_realizer2 \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<cdot> pq \<cdot> R \<cdot> pr \<cdot> qr \<bullet> h1 \<bullet> h2"
disjE (P, R): "\<lambda>pq pr qr.
(case pq of None \<Rightarrow> qr | Some p \<Rightarrow> pr p)"
"\<Lambda> P Q R pq (h1: _) pr (h2: _) qr (h3: _).
disjE_realizer2 \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<cdot> pq \<cdot> R \<cdot> qr \<cdot> pr \<bullet> h1 \<bullet> h3 \<bullet> h2"
disjE (R): "\<lambda>pq pr qr.
(case pq of Left \<Rightarrow> pr | Right \<Rightarrow> qr)"
"\<Lambda> P Q R pq (h1: _) pr (h2: _) qr.
disjE_realizer3 \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<cdot> pq \<cdot> R \<cdot> pr \<cdot> qr \<bullet> h1 \<bullet> h2"
disjE (P, Q): "Null"
"\<Lambda> P Q R pq. disjE_realizer \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<cdot> pq \<cdot> (\<lambda>x. R) \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _"
disjE (Q): "Null"
"\<Lambda> P Q R pq. disjE_realizer2 \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<cdot> pq \<cdot> (\<lambda>x. R) \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _"
disjE (P): "Null"
"\<Lambda> P Q R pq (h1: _) (h2: _) (h3: _).
disjE_realizer2 \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<cdot> pq \<cdot> (\<lambda>x. R) \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<bullet> h1 \<bullet> h3 \<bullet> h2"
disjE: "Null"
"\<Lambda> P Q R pq. disjE_realizer3 \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<cdot> pq \<cdot> (\<lambda>x. R) \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _"
FalseE (P): "arbitrary"
"\<Lambda> P. FalseE \<cdot> _"
FalseE: "Null" "FalseE"
notI (P): "Null"
"\<Lambda> P (h: _). allI \<cdot> _ \<bullet> (\<Lambda> x. notI \<cdot> _ \<bullet> (h \<cdot> x))"
notI: "Null" "notI"
notE (P, R): "\<lambda>p. arbitrary"
"\<Lambda> P R (h: _) p. notE \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<bullet> (spec \<cdot> _ \<cdot> p \<bullet> h)"
notE (P): "Null"
"\<Lambda> P R (h: _) p. notE \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<bullet> (spec \<cdot> _ \<cdot> p \<bullet> h)"
notE (R): "arbitrary"
"\<Lambda> P R. notE \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _"
notE: "Null" "notE"
subst (P): "\<lambda>s t ps. ps"
"\<Lambda> s t P (h: _) ps. subst \<cdot> s \<cdot> t \<cdot> P ps \<bullet> h"
subst: "Null" "subst"
iffD1 (P, Q): "fst"
"\<Lambda> Q P pq (h: _) p.
mp \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<bullet> (spec \<cdot> _ \<cdot> p \<bullet> (conjunct1 \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<bullet> h))"
iffD1 (P): "\<lambda>p. p"
"\<Lambda> Q P p (h: _). mp \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<bullet> (conjunct1 \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<bullet> h)"
iffD1 (Q): "Null"
"\<Lambda> Q P q1 (h: _) q2.
mp \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<bullet> (spec \<cdot> _ \<cdot> q2 \<bullet> (conjunct1 \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<bullet> h))"
iffD1: "Null" "iffD1"
iffD2 (P, Q): "snd"
"\<Lambda> P Q pq (h: _) q.
mp \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<bullet> (spec \<cdot> _ \<cdot> q \<bullet> (conjunct2 \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<bullet> h))"
iffD2 (P): "\<lambda>p. p"
"\<Lambda> P Q p (h: _). mp \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<bullet> (conjunct2 \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<bullet> h)"
iffD2 (Q): "Null"
"\<Lambda> P Q q1 (h: _) q2.
mp \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<bullet> (spec \<cdot> _ \<cdot> q2 \<bullet> (conjunct2 \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<bullet> h))"
iffD2: "Null" "iffD2"
iffI (P, Q): "Pair"
"\<Lambda> P Q pq (h1 : _) qp (h2 : _). conjI_realizer \<cdot>
(\<lambda>pq. \<forall>x. P x \<longrightarrow> Q (pq x)) \<cdot> pq \<cdot>
(\<lambda>qp. \<forall>x. Q x \<longrightarrow> P (qp x)) \<cdot> qp \<bullet>
(allI \<cdot> _ \<bullet> (\<Lambda> x. impI \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<bullet> (h1 \<cdot> x))) \<bullet>
(allI \<cdot> _ \<bullet> (\<Lambda> x. impI \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<bullet> (h2 \<cdot> x)))"
iffI (P): "\<lambda>p. p"
"\<Lambda> P Q (h1 : _) p (h2 : _). conjI \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<bullet>
(allI \<cdot> _ \<bullet> (\<Lambda> x. impI \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<bullet> (h1 \<cdot> x))) \<bullet>
(impI \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<bullet> h2)"
iffI (Q): "\<lambda>q. q"
"\<Lambda> P Q q (h1 : _) (h2 : _). conjI \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<bullet>
(impI \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<bullet> h1) \<bullet>
(allI \<cdot> _ \<bullet> (\<Lambda> x. impI \<cdot> _ \<cdot> _ \<bullet> (h2 \<cdot> x)))"
iffI: "Null" "iffI"
(*
classical: "Null"
"\<Lambda> P. classical \<cdot> _"
*)
end